1
|
Larson EA, Dalamaga M, Magkos F. The role of exercise in obesity-related cancers: Current evidence and biological mechanisms. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 91:16-26. [PMID: 36871634 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer ranks among the five leading causes of death in almost all countries and has important repercussions for individual and public health, the healthcare system, and society in general. Obesity increases the incidence of many types of cancer, but growing evidence suggests that physical activity may decrease risk for developing a variety of obesity-related cancer types, and, in some cases, may improve cancer prognosis and mortality rates. This review summarizes recent evidence on the effect of physical activity on obesity-related cancer prevention and survival. For some cancers, including breast, colorectal, and endometrial cancer, there is strong evidence for a preventative effect of exercise, but for many others, including gallbladder and kidney cancer, and multiple myeloma, evidence is inconsistent or largely lacking. Though many potential mechanisms have been proposed to explain the onco-protective effect of exercise, including improved insulin sensitivity, alterations in sex hormone availability, improved immune function and inflammation, myokine secretion, and modulation of intracellular signaling at the level of AMP kinase, the exact mechanism(s) of action within each cancer subtype remains poorly defined. Overall, a deeper understanding of how exercise can help against cancer and of the exercise parameters that can be altered to optimize exercise prescription is necessary and should be the subject of future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Larson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences; Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Keyvani V, Kheradmand N, Navaei ZN, Mollazadeh S, Esmaeili SA. Epidemiological trends and risk factors of gynecological cancers: an update. Med Oncol 2023; 40:93. [PMID: 36757546 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Gynecological cancers, the most common cancer among women worldwide, disrupt the function of women's reproductive system, significantly impacting the quality of life. The epidemiological patterns of gynecological cancers differ in various regions and alter over time. The main challenge to deal with women's cancers is focusing on potential plans to improve patient outcomes. The epidemiology and general risk elements of gynecological cancers are important in the management of these cancers, so all of the reported risk factors in gynecological cancers have been evaluated in the present review. Due to the role of gynecological cancers in women's health, preventive measures and modifiable lifestyles together with early detection in high-risk groups are effective strategies that can reduce mortality rates. This review summarizes the epidemiology and global risk factors of gynecological cancers alongside others to better management of these malignancies and improve the quality of life in the affected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Keyvani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nahid Kheradmand
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Nasrpour Navaei
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mollazadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhong W, Wang X, Wang Y, Sun G, Zhang J, Li Z. Obesity and endocrine-related cancer: The important role of IGF-1. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1093257. [PMID: 36755926 PMCID: PMC9899991 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1093257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasingly becoming a global epidemic of concern and is considered a risk factor for several endocrine-related cancers. Moreover, obesity is associated with cancer development and poor prognosis. As a metabolic abnormality, obesity leads to a series of changes in insulin, IGF-1, sex hormones, IGFBPs, and adipokines. Among these factors, IGF-1 plays an important role in obesity-related endocrine cancers. This review describes the role of obesity in endocrine-related cancers, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer and pancreatic cancer, focusing on the mechanism of IGF-1 and the crosstalk with estrogen and adipokines. In addition, this review briefly introduces the current status of IGF-1R inhibitors in clinical practice and shows the prospect of IGF-1R inhibitors in combination with other anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xing L, Chen R, Qian J, Ren J, Deng X. A comparison of three preoperative nutritional assessment methods for predicting ovarian cancer patient prognosis: which is better? Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:5221-5229. [PMID: 35260921 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-06941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to compare the predictive values of three widely used nutritional assessment methods, body mass index (BMI), Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002), and the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), for different clinical prognostic indicators of ovarian cancer patients. METHODS Patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer treated in our hospital between January 2017 and March 2019 were retrospectively included. The three nutritional assessment methods were assessed, and multivariable analysis was conducted to explore predictive factors for clinical prognoses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) were generated to evaluate the discriminative abilities of the three nutritional assessment tools. RESULTS A total of 442 patients were recruited. Multivariable analysis revealed that the PNI value predicted 1-year death and 1-year recurrence and that both the NRS 2002 score and the PNI value predicted 30-day readmission (P < 0.05). For PNI, AUROCs were 0.834 for predicting 1-year death and 0.719 for 1-year recurrence prediction; for NRS, the AUROC was 0.820 2002 for predicting 30-day readmission. The optimal cutoff values that maximized the prognostic prediction ability were PNI values of 47.75 g/L and 50.40 g/L for 1-year death and 1-year recurrence, respectively, and an NRS 2002 score of 3 points for 30-day readmission following discharge. CONCLUSION For ovarian cancer patients, the PNI is better at predicting 1-year death and 30-day readmission after discharge, and the NRS 2002 is superior for predicting 1-year recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xing
- Department of Gynecological Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiahui Qian
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianhua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. .,Department of Gynecological and Obstetric Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Xue Deng
- Department of Gynecological Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li D, Wu C, Tang X, Zhang Y, Wang T. Electrochemical Sensors Applied for In vitro Diagnosis. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-0387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
6
|
Chen J, Li Y, Cui H. Preoperative low hematocrit is an adverse prognostic biomarker in ovarian cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 303:767-775. [PMID: 33011886 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05822-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of preoperative hematocrit (HCT) on the survival of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. METHODS Patients who underwent primary debulking surgery (PDS) in our institution, from January 2010 to December 2015, were enrolled. The preoperative HCT, hemoglobin (Hb), tumor stage, ascites volume, age, albumin, BMI, ASA score, diabetes and other factors were collected and analyzed to find the risk factors for poor prognosis of EOC patients using Cox regression. Survival analysis was conducted with Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. RESULTS 192 patients met the inclusion criteria. HCT < 35% (P = 0.031, HR: 1.715, 95% CI 1.050-2.802) was an independent risk factor for poor overall survival in patients. The mean survival time was 83.7 months in patients with preoperative HCT ≥ 35% and 61.7 months in patients with HCT < 35% (P = 0.002). Patients with low HCT (< 35%) had a poor prognosis compared with patients with normal HCT, specifically in the patients of stage III/IV, age ≥ 65 years, BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2, ascites volume ≤ 500 mL, ASA score < 3, albumin ≥ 35 g/L and nondiabetic. Low HCT was more likely to occur in patients with advanced stage (III/IV), anemia (Hb < 110 g/mL), low albumin (< 35 g/L), high ASA score (≥ 3) and platelet > 400 × 109/L. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative low HCT was a valuable predictor for EOC patients' poor prognosis, specifically in obese, nondiabetic, elder, advanced stage but having relatively good performance status patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Chen
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xi-Zhi-Men South Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yi Li
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xi-Zhi-Men South Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Heng Cui
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xi-Zhi-Men South Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Corr BR, Moroney M, Sheeder J, Eckhardt SG, Sawyer B, Behbakht K, Diamond JR. Survival and clinical outcomes of patients with ovarian cancer who were treated on phase 1 clinical trials. Cancer 2020; 126:4289-4293. [PMID: 32697381 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with ovarian cancer who are enrolled on phase 1 trials typically have platinum-resistant and heavily pretreated disease, with a poor prognosis. In the current study, the authors assessed prognostic factors and survival in women with recurrent ovarian cancer who were treated on phase 1 clinical trials. METHODS The authors performed a retrospective analysis of patients treated from 2008 through 2018 at the University of Colorado Cancer Center. Patient characteristics and treatment and toxicity-related survival data were assessed. Descriptive statistics and Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify risk factors associated with survival time. RESULTS A total of 132 patients were treated on phase 1 clinical trials. Patients had a median age of 59 years (range, 33-88 years) with a median of 5.5 previous chemotherapy lines (range, 1-13 lines). Of the 132 patients, 53 (40%) were treated on multiple phase 1 trials with a median of 1 (range, 0-5) prior phase 1 trial. The overall response rate was 14.7%. The median overall survival was 11.3 months (95% CI, 9.1-13.4 months). Two patients died on trial due to progression of disease whereas no patients died of treatment-related toxicity. Independent risk factors found to be predictive of shorter survival were an elevated cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) level (hazard ratio [HR], 2.8; 95% CI, 1.6-5.2) and albumin <3.5 g/dL (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.65-3.79). A body mass index >25 kg/m2 was predictive of longer survival (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.44-0.96). CONCLUSIONS In the current single-institution series, patients with heavily pretreated ovarian cancer who were treated on phase 1 clinical trials experienced a median overall survival of 11.3 months. When available, phase 1 clinical trials represent a reasonable treatment option for patients with heavily pretreated ovarian cancer with a preserved performance status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley R Corr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Marisa Moroney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jeanelle Sheeder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - S Gail Eckhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Brandon Sawyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kian Behbakht
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennifer R Diamond
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Electrochemical immunomagnetic assay as biosensing strategy for determination of ovarian cancer antigen HE4 in human serum. Talanta 2020; 217:120991. [PMID: 32498877 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prompt cancer diagnosis and treatment represent fundamental aspects to significantly improve patient survival rate. Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) has recently been identified as promising single serum biomarker of epithelial ovarian cancer with improved diagnostic performances respect to current reference biomarkers. In this study we present the first competitive immunosensing strategy for HE4 determination implemented on magnetic microbeads functionalized with HE4 antigen. A full factorial design and multiple linear regression allowed to find the optimal experimental conditions providing the maximum inhibition rate within the explored domain. Method validation was performed in serum to ensure reliable data to support decision in clinical practice. This method allowed matching the clinically relevant concentration values for the serum biomarker, limits of detection and quantification being 2.8 and 23.0 pM, respectively. Also recovery rate in the 89 ± 7-103 ± 5% range resulted suitable for method applicability for diagnostic purposes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jones TL, Sandler CX, Spence RR, Hayes SC. Physical activity and exercise in women with ovarian cancer: A systematic review. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 158:803-811. [PMID: 32616402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.06.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A consistent body of evidence supports participating in physical activity (PA) post-cancer diagnosis as beneficial to function, quality-of-life and potentially survival. However, diagnosis of late stage disease, poor prognosis, receipt of high doses of adjuvant therapy and presence of severe acute and persistent treatment-related side-effects may alter how these findings translate to women with ovarian cancer. Therefore, the objectives of this review were to (I) describe PA levels post-diagnosis of ovarian cancer, (II) explore the relationship between PA levels and health outcomes, and (III) evaluate the effect of exercise interventions for women with ovarian cancer. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and CINAHL were systematically searched to December 31, 2019. Two independent reviewers assessed articles for eligibility. Studies were eligible if they evaluated the relationship between PA levels or an exercise intervention and health outcomes following ovarian cancer. Methodological quality was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Descriptive statistics were used to collate relevant data. RESULTS 34 articles were eligible for inclusion. Results demonstrated that most women decrease PA from pre- to post-diagnosis and remain insufficiently active following diagnosis. Higher levels of PA were associated with higher health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL), and lower levels of anxiety and depression. Exercise appears safe and feasible during and following treatment and leads to improvements in HRQOL, fatigue and additional physical and psychological outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that PA is relevant to health outcomes for women with ovarian cancer. Interventions that aid women to stay or become sufficiently active, including through exercise interventions during or following treatment have potential to improve the lives of those with ovarian cancer. Future work evaluating targeted interventions that can accommodate disease-specific challenges is now required to ensure scientific findings can translate into improved ovarian cancer care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L Jones
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
| | - Carolina X Sandler
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Rosalind R Spence
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, G40 Griffith Health Centre, Level 8.86, Gold Coast campus, QLD 4222, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Sandra C Hayes
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, G40 Griffith Health Centre, Level 8.86, Gold Coast campus, QLD 4222, Australia
| |
Collapse
|