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Makkar J, Flores J, Matich M, Duong TT, Thompson SM, Du Y, Busch I, Phan QM, Wang Q, Delevich K, Broughton-Neiswanger L, Driskell IM, Driskell RR. Deep Hair Phenomics: Implications in Endocrinology, Development, and Aging. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)02079-7. [PMID: 39236901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Hair quality is an important indicator of health in humans and other animals. Current approaches to assess hair quality are generally nonquantitative or are low throughput owing to technical limitations of splitting hairs. We developed a deep learning-based computer vision approach for the high-throughput quantification of individual hair fibers at a high resolution. Our innovative computer vision tool can distinguish and extract overlapping fibers for quantification of multivariate features, including length, width, and color, to generate single-hair phenomes of diverse conditions across the lifespan of mice. Using our tool, we explored the effects of hormone signaling, genetic modifications, and aging on hair follicle output. Our analyses revealed hair phenotypes resultant of endocrinological, developmental, and aging-related alterations in the fur coats of mice. These results demonstrate the efficacy of our deep hair phenomics tool for characterizing factors that modulate the hair follicle and developing, to our knowledge, previously unreported diagnostic methods for detecting disease through the hair fiber. Finally, we have generated a searchable, interactive web tool for the exploration of our hair fiber data at skinregeneration.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasson Makkar
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Jorge Flores
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Mason Matich
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Tommy T Duong
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Sean M Thompson
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Yiqing Du
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Isabelle Busch
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Quan M Phan
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Kristen Delevich
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA; Center for Reproductive Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Liam Broughton-Neiswanger
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Iwona M Driskell
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Ryan R Driskell
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA; Center for Reproductive Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
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Lawande NV, Conklin EA, Christian‐Hinman CA. Sex and gonadectomy modify behavioral seizure susceptibility and mortality in a repeated low-dose kainic acid systemic injection paradigm in mice. Epilepsia Open 2023; 8:1512-1522. [PMID: 37715318 PMCID: PMC10690657 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sex differences in epilepsy appear driven in part due to effects of gonadal steroids, with varying results in experimental models based on species, strain, and method of seizure induction. Furthermore, removing the main source of these steroids via gonadectomy may impact seizure characteristics differently in males and females. Repeated low-dose kainic acid (RLDKA) systemic injection paradigms were recently shown to reliably induce status epilepticus (SE) and hippocampal histopathology in C57BL/6J mice. Here, we investigated whether seizure susceptibility in a RLDKA injection protocol exhibits a sex difference and whether gonadectomy differentially influences response to this seizure induction paradigm in males and females. METHODS Adult C57BL/6J mice were left gonad-intact as controls or gonadectomized (females: ovariectomized, OVX; males: orchidectomized, ORX). At least 2 weeks later, KA was injected ip, every 30 minutes at 7.5 mg/kg or less until the animal reached SE, defined by at least 5 generalized seizures (GS, Racine stage 3 or higher). Parameters of susceptibility to GS induction, SE development, and mortality rates were quantified. RESULTS No differences in seizure susceptibility or mortality were observed between control males and control females. Gonadectomized mice exhibited increased susceptibility and reduced latency to both GS and SE in comparison to corresponding controls of the same sex, but the effects were stronger in males. In addition, ORX males, but not OVX females, exhibited strongly increased seizure-induced mortality. SIGNIFICANCE The RLDKA protocol is notable for its efficacy in inducing SE and seizure-induced histopathology in C57BL/6J mice, the background for many transgenic strains in current use in epilepsy research. The present results indicate that this protocol may be beneficial for investigating the effects of gonadal hormone replacement on seizure susceptibility, mortality, and seizure-induced histopathology, and that gonadectomy unmasks sex differences in susceptibility to seizures and mortality not observed in gonad-intact controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj V. Lawande
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Catherine A. Christian‐Hinman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
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