1
|
Soh JEC, Shimizu A, Sato A, Ogita H. Novel cardiovascular protective effects of RhoA signaling and its therapeutic implications. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115899. [PMID: 37907138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) belongs to the Rho GTPase superfamily, which was first studied in cancers as one of the essential regulators controlling cellular function. RhoA has long attracted attention as a key molecule involved in cell signaling and gene transcription, through which it affects cellular processes. A series of studies have demonstrated that RhoA plays crucial roles under both physiological states and pathological conditions in cardiovascular diseases. RhoA has been identified as an important regulator in cardiac remodeling by regulating actin stress fiber dynamics and cytoskeleton formation. However, its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, preventing definitive conclusions being drawn about its protective role in the cardiovascular system. In this review, we outline the characteristics of RhoA and its related signaling molecules, and present an overview of RhoA classical function and the corresponding cellular responses of RhoA under physiological and pathological conditions. Overall, we provide an update on the novel signaling under RhoA in the cardiovascular system and its potential clinical and therapeutic targets in cardiovascular medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ern Chi Soh
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akio Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wen J, Liu G, Liu M, Wang H, Wan Y, Yao Z, Gao N, Sun Y, Zhu L. Transforming growth factor-β and bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2467-2484. [PMID: 38179789 PMCID: PMC10802212 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2293595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy (referred to as cardiac hypertrophy) is a maladaptive response of the heart to a variety of pathological stimuli, and cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for heart failure and sudden death. Currently, the treatments for cardiac hypertrophy are limited to improving symptoms and have little effect. Elucidation of the developmental process of cardiac hypertrophy at the molecular level and the identification of new targets for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy are crucial. In this review, we summarize the research on multiple active substances related to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and the signaling pathways involved and focus on the role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and the identification of potential targets for molecular intervention. We aim to identify important signaling molecules with clinical value and hope to help promote the precise treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and thus improve patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guixiang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Department of Lung Function, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huarui Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yunyan Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhouhong Yao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nannan Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Actin-Binding Proteins in Cardiac Hypertrophy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223566. [PMID: 36428995 PMCID: PMC9688942 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart reacts to a large number of pathological stimuli through cardiac hypertrophy, which finally can lead to heart failure. However, the molecular mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy remain elusive. Actin participates in the formation of highly differentiated myofibrils under the regulation of actin-binding proteins (ABPs), which provides a structural basis for the contractile function and morphological change in cardiomyocytes. Previous studies have shown that the functional abnormality of ABPs can contribute to cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we review the function of various actin-binding proteins associated with the development of cardiac hypertrophy, which provides more references for the prevention and treatment of cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
|
4
|
Anti-Ischemic Effects of PIK3IP1 Are Mediated through Its Interactions with the ETA-PI3Kγ-AKT Axis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142162. [PMID: 35883611 PMCID: PMC9322903 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during acute myocardial infarction (AMI), is one of the main factors leading to myocardial cell damage and programmed cell death. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-AKT (PI3K-AKT) signaling is essential for regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-interacting protein 1 (PIK3IP1) is an intrinsic inhibitor of PI3K in various tissues, but its functional role during AMI remains unknown. In this study, the anti-ischemic role of PIK3IP1 in an in vitro AMI setting was evaluated using H9c2 cells. The MTT assay demonstrated that cell viability decreased significantly via treatment with H2O2 (200–500 μM). The TUNEL assay results revealed substantial cellular apoptosis following treatment with 200 μM H2O2. Under the same conditions, the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), endothelin-1 (ET-1), bcl-2-like protein 4 (BAX), and cleaved caspase-3 were elevated, whereas those of PIK3IP1, LC3II, p53, and Bcl-2 decreased significantly. PIK3IP1 overexpression inhibited H2O2-induced and PI3K-mediated apoptosis; however, PIK3IP1 knockdown reversed this effect, suggesting that PIK3IP1 functions as an anti-apoptotic molecule. To identify both the upstream and downstream molecules associated with PIK3IP1, ET-1 receptor type-specific antagonists (BQ-123 and BQ-788) and PI3K subtype-specific antagonists (LY294002 and IPI-549) were used to determine the participating isoforms. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to identify the binding partners of PIK3IP1. Our results demonstrated that ROS-induced cardiac cell death may occur through the ETA-PI3Kγ-AKT axis, and that PIK3IP1 inhibits binding with both ETA and PI3Kγ. Taken together, these findings reveal that PIK3IP1 plays an anti-ischemic role by reducing the likelihood of programmed cell death via interaction with the ETA-PI3Kr-AKT axis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Muhammad RN, Sallam N, El-Abhar HS. Activated ROCK/Akt/eNOS and ET-1/ERK pathways in 5-fluorouracil-induced cardiotoxicity: modulation by simvastatin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14693. [PMID: 32895407 PMCID: PMC7477553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is used in the treatment of different solid tumors; however, its use is associated with rare, but serious cardiotoxicity. Nevertheless, the involvement of ROCK/NF-κB, Akt/eNOS and ET-1/ERK1/2 trajectories in the cardiotoxic effect and in the potential cardioprotective upshot of simvastatin has been elusive. Male Wistar rats were allocated into 5-FU (50 mg/kg/week; i.p, 6 weeks), simvastatin (15 mg/kg/day; p.o, 8 weeks) treated groups and simvastatin + 5-FU, besides the normal control group. 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity boosted the serum level of N-terminal pro-brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), aortic contents of endothelin (ET)-1 and thromboxane (TX) A2, as well as cardiac contents of NADPH oxidases (Nox), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, malondialdehyde (MDA), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK)1/2 and the protein expressions of rho-kinase (ROCK) and caspase-3. On the other hand, it suppressed cardiac reduced glutathione (GSH) and phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS). Contrariwise, co-administration with simvastatin overcame these disturbed events and modulated the ROCK/NF-κB, Akt/eNOS and ET-1/ERK1/2 signaling pathways. This study highlights other mechanisms than coronary artery spasm in the 5-FU cardiotoxicity and reveals that NT-proBNP is a potential early marker in this case. Moreover, the cross-talk between ROCK/ NF-κB, ROS/COX-2/TXA2, Akt/eNOS and ET-1/ERK1/2 pathways contributes via different means to upsetting the vasoconstriction/vasodilatation equilibrium as well as endothelial cell function and finally leads to cardiomyocyte stress and death—the modulation of these trajectories offers simvastatin its potential cardio-protection against 5-FU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Nasser Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Nada Sallam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Hanan Salah El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pan C, Zhang YS, Han JY, Li CY, Yi Y, Zhao Y, Wang LM, Tian JZ, Liu SY, Li GQ, Li XL, Xian Z, Liang AH. The Involvement of the RhoA/ROCK Signaling Pathway in Hypersensitivity Reactions Induced by Paclitaxel Injection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20204988. [PMID: 31600977 PMCID: PMC6834182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20204988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A high incidence of hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) largely limits the use of paclitaxel injection. Currently, these reactions are considered to be mediated by histamine release and complement activation. However, the evidence is insufficient and the molecular mechanism involved in paclitaxel injection-induced HSRs is still incompletely understood. In this study, a mice model mimicking vascular hyperpermeability was applied. The vascular leakage induced merely by excipients (polyoxyl 35 castor oil) was equivalent to the reactions evoked by paclitaxel injection under the same conditions. Treatment with paclitaxel injection could cause rapid histamine release. The vascular exudation was dramatically inhibited by pretreatment with a histamine antagonist. No significant change in paclitaxel injection-induced HSRs was observed in complement-deficient and complement-depleted mice. The RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway was activated by paclitaxel injection. Moreover, the ROCK inhibitor showed a protective effect on vascular leakage in the ears and on inflammation in the lungs. In conclusion, this study provided a suitable mice model for investigating the HSRs characterized by vascular hyperpermeability and confirmed the main sensitization of excipients in paclitaxel injection. Histamine release and RhoA/ROCK pathway activation, rather than complement activation, played an important role in paclitaxel injection-induced HSRs. Furthermore, the ROCK inhibitor may provide a potential preventive approach for paclitaxel injection side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yu-Shi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Jia-Yin Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Chun-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Lian-Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Jing-Zhuo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Su-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Gui-Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Xiao-Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Zhong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Ai-Hua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mosqueira M, Iturriaga R. Chronic hypoxia changes gene expression profile of primary rat carotid body cells: consequences on the expression of NOS isoforms and ET-1 receptors. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:109-124. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00114.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained chronic hypoxia (CH) produces morphological and functional changes in the carotid body (CB). Nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) play a major role as modulators of the CB oxygen chemosensory process. To characterize the effects of CH related to normoxia (Nx) on gene expression, particularly on ET-1 and NO pathways, primary cultures of rat CB cells were exposed to 7 days of CH. Total RNA was extracted, and cDNA-32P was synthesized and hybridized with 1,185 genes printed on a nylon membrane Atlas cDNA Expression Array. Out of 324 differentially expressed genes, 184 genes were upregulated, while 140 genes were downregulated. The cluster annotation and protein network analyses showed that both NO and ET-1 signaling pathways were significantly enriched and key elements of each pathway were differentially expressed. Thus, we assessed the effect of CH at the protein level of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms and ET-1 receptors. CH induced an increase in the expression of endothelial NOS, inducible NOS, and ETB. During CH, the administration of SNAP, a NO donor, upregulated ETB. Treatment with Tezosentan (ET-1 receptor blocker) during CH upregulated all three NOS isoforms, while the NOS blocker L-NAME induced upregulation of iNOS and ETB and downregulated the protein levels of ETA. These results show that CH for 7 days changed the cultured cell CB gene expression profile, the NO and ET-1 signaling pathways were highly enriched, and these two signaling pathways interfered with the protein expression of each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matías Mosqueira
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago Chile
- Cardio-Ventilatory Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Iturriaga
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago Chile
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jankov RP, Daniel KL, Iny S, Kantores C, Ivanovska J, Ben Fadel N, Jain A. Sodium nitrite augments lung S-nitrosylation and reverses chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in juvenile rats. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L742-L751. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00184.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficient nitric oxide (NO) signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic neonatal pulmonary hypertension (PHT). Physiological NO signaling is regulated by S-nitrosothiols (SNOs), which act both as a reservoir for NO and as a reversible modulator of protein function. We have previously reported that therapy with inhaled NO (iNO) increased peroxynitrite-mediated nitration in the juvenile rat lung, although having minimal reversing effects on vascular remodeling. We hypothesized that sodium nitrite (NaNO2) would be superior to iNO in enhancing lung SNOs, thereby contributing to reversal of chronic hypoxic PHT. Rat pups were exposed to air or hypoxia (13% O2) from postnatal days 1 to 21. Dose-response prevention studies were conducted from days 1–21 to determine the optimal dose of NaNO2. Animals then received rescue therapy with daily subcutaneous NaNO2 (20 mg/kg), vehicle, or were continuously exposed to iNO (20 ppm) from days 14–21. Chronic PHT secondary to hypoxia was both prevented and reversed by treatment with NaNO2. Rescue NaNO2 increased lung NO and SNO contents to a greater extent than iNO, without causing nitration. Seven lung SNO proteins upregulated by treatment with NaNO2 were identified by multiplex tandem mass tag spectrometry, one of which was leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H). Rescue therapy with a LTA4H inhibitor, SC57461A (10 mg·kg−1·day−1 sc), partially reversed chronic hypoxic PHT. We conclude that NaNO2 was superior to iNO in increasing tissue NO and SNO generation and reversing chronic PHT, in part via upregulated SNO-LTA4H.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Jankov
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathrine L. Daniel
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shira Iny
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Crystal Kantores
- Translational Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julijana Ivanovska
- Translational Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadya Ben Fadel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amish Jain
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Martewicz S, Serena E, Zatti S, Keller G, Elvassore N. Substrate and mechanotransduction influence SERCA2a localization in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes affecting functional performance. Stem Cell Res 2017; 25:107-114. [PMID: 29125993 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical cues are major determinants of cellular phenotype and evoke physiological and pathological responses on cell structure and function. Cellular models aim to recapitulate basic functional features of their in vivo counterparts or tissues in order to be of use in in vitro disease modeling or drug screening and testing. Understanding how culture systems affect in vitro development of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derivatives allows optimization of cellular human models and gives insight in the processes involved in their structural organization and function. In this work, we show involvement of the mechanotransduction pathway RhoA/ROCK in the structural reorganization of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes after adhesion plating. These structural changes have a major impact on the intracellular localization of SERCA2 pumps and concurrent improvement in calcium cycling. The process is triggered by cell interaction with the culture substrate, which mechanical cues drive sarcomeric alignment and SERCA2a spreading and relocalization from a perinuclear to a whole-cell distribution. This structural reorganization is mediated by the mechanical properties of the substrate, as shown by the process failure in hPSC-CMs cultured on soft 4kPa hydrogels as opposed to physiologically stiff 16kPa hydrogels and glass. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) by different compounds identifies this specific signaling pathway as a major player in SERCA2 localization and the associated improvement in hPSC-CMs calcium handling ability in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Martewicz
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, Padova 35129, Italy; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Elena Serena
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, Padova 35129, Italy
| | - Susi Zatti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, Padova 35129, Italy
| | - Gordon Keller
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Nicola Elvassore
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, Padova 35129, Italy; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He N, Gong QH, Zhang F, Zhang JY, Lin SX, Hou HH, Wu Q, Sun AS. Evodiamine Inhibits Angiotensin II-Induced Rat Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy. Chin J Integr Med 2017; 24:359-365. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Merkus D, Tune JD. ROCK as a molecular bond connecting coronary microvascular and cardiac remodelling. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:1273-1275. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
|
12
|
Akinwumi BC, Raj P, Lee DI, Acosta C, Yu L, Thomas SM, Nagabhushanam K, Majeed M, Davies NM, Netticadan T, Anderson HD. Disparate Effects of Stilbenoid Polyphenols on Hypertrophic Cardiomyocytes In Vitro vs. in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure Rat. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020204. [PMID: 28157155 PMCID: PMC6155878 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stilbenoids are bioactive polyphenols, and resveratrol (trans-3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) is a representative stilbenoid that reportedly exerts cardioprotective actions. As resveratrol exhibits low oral bioavailability, we turned our attention to other stilbenoid compounds with a history of medicinal use and/or improved bioavailability. We determined the effects of gnetol (trans-3,5,2′,6′-tetrahydroxystilbene) and pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4′-hydroxystilbene) on cardiac hypertrophy. In vitro, gnetol and pterostilbene prevented endothelin-1-induced indicators of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy including cell enlargement and protein synthesis. Gnetol and pterostilbene stimulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and inhibition of AMPK, using compound C or shRNA knockdown, abolished these anti-hypertrophic effects. In contrast, resveratrol, gnetol, nor pterostilbene reduced blood pressure or hypertrophy in the spontaneously hypertensive heart failure (SHHF) rat. In fact, AMPK levels were similar between Sprague-Dawley and SHHF rats whether treated by stilbenoids or not. These data suggest that the anti-hypertrophic actions of resveratrol (and other stilbenoids?) do not extend to the SHHF rat, which models heart failure superimposed on hypertension. Notably, SHHF rat hearts exhibited prolonged isovolumic relaxation time (an indicator of diastolic dysfunction), and this was improved by stilbenoid treatment. In conclusion, stilbenoid-based treatment as a viable strategy to prevent pathological cardiac hypertrophy, a major risk factor for heart failure, may be context-dependent and requires further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bolanle C Akinwumi
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Pema Raj
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada.
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Danielle I Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Crystal Acosta
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada.
| | - Liping Yu
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Samuel M Thomas
- Sami Labs Ltd., Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India.
| | | | - Muhammed Majeed
- Sami Labs Ltd., Peenya Industrial Area, Bangalore 560058, India.
- Sabinsa Corporation, 20 Lake Drive, East Windsor, NJ 08520, USA.
| | - Neal M Davies
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 2-35, Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AL T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada.
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Hope D Anderson
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Taché Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nour-Eldine W, Ghantous CM, Zibara K, Dib L, Issaa H, Itani HA, El-Zein N, Zeidan A. Adiponectin Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Remodeling through Nitric Oxide and the RhoA/ROCK Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:86. [PMID: 27092079 PMCID: PMC4823273 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adiponectin (APN), an adipocytokine, exerts protective effects on cardiac remodeling, while angiotensin II (Ang II) induces hypertension and vascular remodeling. The potential protective role of APN on the vasculature during hypertension has not been fully elucidated yet. Here, we evaluate the molecular mechanisms of the protective role of APN in the physiological response of the vascular wall to Ang II. METHODS AND RESULTS Rat aortic tissues were used to investigate the effect of APN on Ang II-induced vascular remodeling and hypertrophy. We investigated whether nitric oxide (NO), the RhoA/ROCK pathway, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate the anti-hypertrophic effect of APN. Ang II-induced protein synthesis was attenuated by pre-treatment with APN, NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), or cGMP. The hypertrophic response to Ang II was associated with a significant increase in RhoA activation and vascular force production, which were prevented by APN and SNAP. NO was also associated with inhibition of Ang II-induced phosphorylation of cofilin. In addition, immunohistochemistry revealed that 24 h Ang II treatment increased the F- to G-actin ratio, an effect that was inhibited by SNAP. Ang II-induced ROS formation and upregulation of p22(phox) mRNA expression were inhibited by APN and NO. Both compounds failed to inhibit Nox1 and p47(phox) expression. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the anti-hypertrophic effects of APN are due, in part, to NO-dependent inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway and ROS formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wared Nour-Eldine
- Cardiovascular Physiology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirut, Lebanon; ER045, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, The Lebanese UniversityBeirut, Lebanon
| | - Crystal M Ghantous
- Cardiovascular Physiology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kazem Zibara
- ER045, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, The Lebanese University Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Leila Dib
- Cardiovascular Physiology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hawraa Issaa
- Cardiovascular Physiology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirut, Lebanon; ER045, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, The Lebanese UniversityBeirut, Lebanon
| | - Hana A Itani
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, USA
| | - Nabil El-Zein
- ER045, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, The Lebanese University Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Cardiovascular Physiology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hartmann S, Ridley AJ, Lutz S. The Function of Rho-Associated Kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2 in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:276. [PMID: 26635606 PMCID: PMC4653301 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2 are serine/threonine kinases that are downstream targets of the small GTPases RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC. ROCKs are involved in diverse cellular activities including actin cytoskeleton organization, cell adhesion and motility, proliferation and apoptosis, remodeling of the extracellular matrix and smooth muscle cell contraction. The role of ROCK1 and ROCK2 has long been considered to be similar; however, it is now clear that they do not always have the same functions. Moreover, depending on their subcellular localization, activation, and other environmental factors, ROCK signaling can have different effects on cellular function. With respect to the heart, findings in isoform-specific knockout mice argue for a role of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy, respectively. Increased ROCK activity could play a pivotal role in processes leading to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, angina pectoris, vasospastic angina, heart failure, and stroke, and thus ROCK activity is a potential new biomarker for heart disease. Pharmacological ROCK inhibition reduces the enhanced ROCK activity in patients, accompanied with a measurable improvement in medical condition. In this review, we focus on recent findings regarding ROCK signaling in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, with a special focus on differences between ROCK1 and ROCK2 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Hartmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Anne J. Ridley
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Susanne Lutz
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Elevated Levels of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) in the Pericardial Fluid of Cardiac Patients Correlate with Cardiac Hypertrophy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135498. [PMID: 26313940 PMCID: PMC4551682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pericardial fluid (PF) contains several biologically active substances, which may provide information regarding the cardiac conditions. Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in cardiac remodeling. We hypothesized that L-arginine (L-Arg) precursor of NO-synthase (NOS) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an inhibitor of NOS, are present in PF of cardiac patients and their altered levels may contribute to altered cardiac morphology. Methods L-Arg and ADMA concentrations in plasma and PF, and echocardiographic parameters of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG, n = 28) or valve replacement (VR, n = 25) were determined. Results We have found LV hypertrophy in 35.7% of CABG, and 80% of VR patients. In all groups, plasma and PF L-Arg levels were higher than that of ADMA. Plasma L-Arg level was higher in CABG than VR (75.7±4.6 μmol/L vs. 58.1±4.9 μmol/L, p = 0.011), whereas PF ADMA level was higher in VR than CABG (0.9±0.0 μmol/L vs. 0.7±0.0 μmol/L, p = 0.009). L-Arg/ADMA ratio was lower in the VR than CABG (VRplasma: 76.1±6.6 vs. CABGplasma: 125.4±10.7, p = 0.004; VRPF: 81.7±4.8 vs. CABGPF: 110.4±7.2, p = 0.009). There was a positive correlation between plasma L-Arg and ADMA in CABG (r = 0.539, p = 0.015); and plasma and PF L-Arg in CABG (r = 0.357, p = 0.031); and plasma and PF ADMA in VR (r = 0.529, p = 0.003); and PF L-Arg and ADMA in both CABG and VR (CABG: r = 0.468, p = 0.006; VR: r = 0.371, p = 0.034). The following echocardiographic parameters were higher in VR compared to CABG: interventricular septum (14.7±0.5 mm vs. 11.9±0.4 mm, p = 0.000); posterior wall thickness (12.6±0.3 mm vs. 11.5±0.2 mm, p = 0.000); left ventricular (LV) mass (318.6±23.5 g vs. 234.6±12.3 g, p = 0.007); right ventricular (RV) (33.9±0.9 cm2 vs. 29.7±0.7 cm2, p = 0.004); right atrial (18.6±1.0 cm2 vs. 15.4±0.6 cm2, p = 0.020); left atrial (19.8±1.0 cm2 vs. 16.9±0.6 cm2, p = 0.033) areas. There was a positive correlation between plasma ADMA and RV area (r = 0.453, p = 0.011); PF ADMA and end-diastolic (r = 0.434, p = 0.015) and systolic diameter of LV (r = 0.487, p = 0.007); and negative correlation between PF ADMA and LV ejection fraction (r = -0.445, p = 0.013) in VR. Conclusion We suggest that elevated levels of ADMA in the PF of patients indicate upregulated RAS and reduced bioavailability of NO, which can contribute to the development of cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ligand activation of cannabinoid receptors attenuates hypertrophy of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 64:420-30. [PMID: 24979612 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
: Endocannabinoids are bioactive amides, esters, and ethers of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Evidence suggests that activation of the endocannabinoid pathway offers cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, and endothelial dysfunction of coronary arteries. As cardiac hypertrophy is a convergence point of risk factors for heart failure, we determined a role for endocannabinoids in attenuating endothelin-1-induced hypertrophy and probed the signaling pathways involved. The cannabinoid receptor ligand anandamide and its metabolically stable analog, R-methanandamide, suppressed hypertrophic indicators including cardiomyocyte enlargement and fetal gene activation (ie, the brain natriuretic peptide gene) elicited by endothelin-1 in isolated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. The ability of R-methanandamide to suppress myocyte enlargement and fetal gene activation was mediated by CB2 and CB1 receptors, respectively. Accordingly, a CB2-selective agonist, JWH-133, prevented only myocyte enlargement but not brain natriuretic peptide gene activation. A CB1/CB2 dual agonist with limited brain penetration, CB-13, inhibited both hypertrophic indicators. CB-13 activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and, in an AMPK-dependent manner, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Disruption of AMPK signaling, using compound C or short hairpinRNA knockdown, and eNOS inhibition using L-NIO abolished the antihypertrophic actions of CB-13. In conclusion, CB-13 inhibits cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through AMPK-eNOS signaling and may represent a novel therapeutic approach to cardioprotection.
Collapse
|
17
|
Liou SF, Hsu JH, Chen YT, Chen IJ, Yeh JL. KMUP-1 Attenuates Endothelin-1-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy through Activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Suppression of the Akt/GSK-3β, Calcineurin/NFATc4 and RhoA/ROCK Pathways. Molecules 2015; 20:10435-49. [PMID: 26056815 PMCID: PMC6272697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling cascades of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, calcineurin/NFATc4, and PI3K/Akt/GSK3, are believed to participate in endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced cardiac hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether KMUP-1, a synthetic xanthine-based derivative, prevents cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by ET-1 and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We found that in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, stimulation with ET-1 (100 nM) for 4 days induced cell hypertrophy and enhanced expressions of hypertrophic markers, including atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide, which were all inhibited by KMUP-1 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, KMUP-1 prevented ET-1-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species generation determined by the DCFH-DA assay in cardiomyocytes. KMUP-1 also attenuated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt/GSK-3β, and activation of calcineurin/NFATc4 and RhoA/ROCK pathways induced by ET-1. Furthermore, we found that the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a stress-response enzyme implicated in cardio-protection, was up-regulated by KMUP-1. Finally, KMUP-1 attenuated ET-1-stimulated activator protein-1 DNA binding activity. In conclusion, KMUP-1 attenuates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by ET-1 through inhibiting ERK1/2, calcineurin/NFATc4 and RhoA/ROCK pathways, with associated cardioprotective effects via HO-1 activation. Therefore, KMUP-1 may have a role in pharmacological therapy of cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Liou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Department of Paediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Ting Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jun Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dong M, Ding W, Liao Y, Liu Y, Yan D, Zhang Y, Wang R, Zheng N, Liu S, Liu J. Polydatin prevents hypertrophy in phenylephrine induced neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes and pressure-overload mouse models. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 746:186-97. [PMID: 25449040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that polydatin (PD), a resveratrol glucoside, may have beneficial actions on the cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, the current study focused on the underlying mechanism of the PD anti-hypertrophic effect in cultured cardiomyocytes and in progression from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure in vivo. Experiments were performed on cultured neonatal rat, ventricular myocytes as well as adult mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Treatment of cardiomyocytes with phenylephrine for three days produced a marked hypertrophic effect as evidenced by significantly increased cell surface area and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) protein expression. These effects were attenuated by PD in a concentration-dependent manner with a complete inhibition of hypertrophy at the concentration of 50 µM. Phenylephrine increased ROCK activity, as well as intracellular reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation. The oxidizing agent DTDP similarly increased Rho kinase (ROCK) activity and induced hypertrophic remodeling. PD treatment inhibited phenylephrine-induced oxidative stress and consequently suppressed ROCK activation in cardiomyocytes. Hypertrophic remodeling and heart failure were demonstrated in mice subjected to 13 weeks of TAC. Upregulation of ROCK signaling pathway was also evident in TAC mice. PD treatment significantly attenuated the increased ROCK activity, associated with a markedly reduced hypertrophic response and improved cardiac function. Our results demonstrated a robust anti-hypertrophic remodeling effect of polydatin, which is mediated by inhibition of reactive oxygen species dependent ROCK activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dong
- Medical College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenwen Ding
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yansong Liao
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hongkong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Dewen Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Medical College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongming Wang
- Medical College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Medical College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuaiye Liu
- Medical College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Medical College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Huang Y, Chen JB, Yang B, Shen H, Liang JJ, Luo Q. RhoA/ROCK pathway regulates hypoxia-induced myocardial cell apoptosis. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7:884-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
20
|
Abstract
Rho kinase (ROCK) is a major downstream effector of the small GTPase RhoA. ROCK family, consisting of ROCK1 and ROCK2, plays central roles in the organization of actin cytoskeleton and is involved in a wide range of fundamental cellular functions, such as contraction, adhesion, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Due to the discovery of effective inhibitors, such as fasudil and Y27632, the biological roles of ROCK have been extensively explored with particular attention on the cardiovascular system. In many preclinical models of cardiovascular diseases, including vasospasm, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, stroke, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure, ROCK inhibitors have shown a remarkable efficacy in reducing vascular smooth muscle cell hypercontraction, endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory cell recruitment, vascular remodeling, and cardiac remodeling. Moreover, fasudil has been used in the clinical trials of several cardiovascular diseases. The continuing utilization of available pharmacological inhibitors and the development of more potent or isoform-selective inhibitors in ROCK signaling research and in treating human diseases are escalating. In this review, we discuss the recent molecular, cellular, animal, and clinical studies with a focus on the current understanding of ROCK signaling in cardiovascular physiology and diseases. We particularly note that emerging evidence suggests that selective targeting ROCK isoform based on the disease pathophysiology may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the disease treatment including cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
21
|
Menaouar A, Florian M, Wang D, Danalache B, Jankowski M, Gutkowska J. Anti-hypertrophic effects of oxytocin in rat ventricular myocytes. Int J Cardiol 2014; 175:38-49. [PMID: 24852833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.04.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxytocin (OT) and functional OT receptor (OTR) are expressed in the heart and are involved in blood pressure regulation and cardioprotection. Cardiac OTR signaling is associated with atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and nitric oxide (NO) release. During the synthesis of OT, its precursor, termed OT-Gly-Lys-Arg (OT-GKR), is accumulated in the developing rat heart. Consequently, we hypothesized that an OT-related mechanism of ANP controls cardiomyocyte (CM) hypertrophy. METHODS The experiments were carried out in newborn and adult rat CM cultures. The enhanced protein synthesis and increased CM volume were mediated by a 24-h treatment with endothelin-1 or angiotensin II. RESULTS The treatment of CM with OT or its abundant cardiac precursor, OT-GKR, revealed ANP accumulation in the cell peri-nuclear region and increased intracellular cGMP. Consequently, the CM hypertrophy was abolished by the treatment of 10nM OT or 10nM OT-GKR. The ANP receptor antagonist (anantin) and NO synthases inhibitor (l-NAME) inhibited cGMP production in CMs exposed to OT. STO-609 and compound C inhibition of anti-hypertrophic OT effects in CMs indicated the contribution of calcium-calmodulin kinase kinase and AMP-activated protein kinase pathways. Moreover, in ET-1 stimulated cells, OT treatment normalized the reduced Akt phosphorylation, prevented abundant accumulation of ANP and blocked ET-1-mediated translocation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) into the cell nuclei. CONCLUSION cGMP/protein kinase G mediates OT-induced anti-hypertrophic response with the contribution of ANP and NO. OT treatment represents a novel approach in attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy during development and cardiac pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Menaouar
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Laboratory, CRCHUM, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria Florian
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Laboratory, CRCHUM, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Donghao Wang
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Laboratory, CRCHUM, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Bogdan Danalache
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Laboratory, CRCHUM, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Marek Jankowski
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Laboratory, CRCHUM, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Jolanta Gutkowska
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Laboratory, CRCHUM, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Prevention of RhoA activation and cofilin-mediated actin polymerization mediates the antihypertrophic effect of adenosine receptor agonists in angiotensin II- and endothelin-1-treated cardiomyocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 385:239-48. [PMID: 24096734 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1832-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptor activation has been shown to be associated with diminution of cardiac hypertrophy and it has been suggested that endogenously produced adenosine may serve to blunt pro-hypertrophic processes. In the present study, we determined the effects of two pro-hypertrophic stimuli, angiotensin II (Ang II, 100 nM) and endothelin-1 (ET-1, 10 nM) on Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA)/Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) activation in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and whether the latter serves as a target for the anti-hypertrophic effect of adenosine receptor activation. Both hypertrophic stimuli potently increased RhoA activity with peak activation occurring 15-30 min following agonist addition. These effects were associated with significantly increased phosphorylation (inactivation) of cofilin, a downstream mediator of RhoA, an increase in actin polymerization, and increased activation and nuclear import of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase. The ability of both Ang II and ET-1 to activate the RhoA pathway was completely prevented by the adenosine A1 receptor agonist N (6)-cyclopentyladenosine, the A2a receptor agonist 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)-phenethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine, the A3 receptor agonist N (6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-methyluronamide as well as the nonspecific adenosine analog 2-chloro adenosine. All effects of specific receptor agonists were prevented by their respective receptor antagonists. Moreover, all adenosine agonists prevented either Ang II- or ET-1-induced hypertrophy, a property shared by the RhoA inhibitor Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme, the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 or the actin depolymerizing agent latrunculin B. Our study therefore demonstrates that both Ang II and ET-1 can activate the RhoA pathway and that prevention of the hypertrophic response to both agonists by adenosine receptor activation is mediated by prevention of RhoA stimulation and actin polymerization.
Collapse
|
23
|
Li DB, Yang GJ, Xu HW, Fu ZX, Wang SW, Hu SJ. Regulation on RhoA in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Under Inflammatory Stimulation Proposes a Novel Mechanism Mediating the Multiple-Beneficial Action of Acetylsalicylic Acid. Inflammation 2013; 36:1403-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
24
|
Acetylsalicylic acid regulates overexpressed small GTPase RhoA in vascular smooth muscle cells through prevention of new synthesis and enhancement of protein degradation. Biosci Rep 2012; 32:153-60. [PMID: 21756248 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20110050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoA has been shown to play a major role in vascular processes and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is known to exert a cytoprotective effect via multiple mechanisms. In the present study, we aimed at investigating the effect of aspirin on RhoA expression under a stress state in rat VSMCs (vascular smooth muscle cells) and the underlying mechanisms. The expression of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and iNOS activity as well as NO concentration was significantly promoted by LPS (lipopolysaccharide) accompanying the elevation of RhoA expression, which was blocked by the addition of the iNOS inhibitor L-NIL [L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)lysine dihydrochloride]. Aspirin (30 μM) significantly attenuated the elevation of RhoA, while indomethacin and salicylate had no similar effect. The sGC (soluble guanylate cyclase) inhibitor ODQ (1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one) showed the same effect as aspirin in down-regulating RhoA but was reversed by the addition of the cGMP analogue 8-Br-PET-cGMP (β-phenyl-1,N2-ethano-8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate). 8-Br-PET-cGMP solely enhanced the RhoA expression that was abrogated by preincubation with aspirin. Degradation analysis indicated that aspirin enhanced the protein degradation rate of RhoA and GDP-bound RhoA seemed to be more susceptible to aspirin-enhanced degradation compared with the GTP-bound form. Our results indicate that aspirin attenuates the LPS-induced overexpression of RhoA both by inhibiting new synthesis and accelerating protein degradation, which may help elucidate the multiple beneficial effects of aspirin.
Collapse
|
25
|
Surma M, Wei L, Shi J. Rho kinase as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. Future Cardiol 2012; 7:657-71. [PMID: 21929346 DOI: 10.2217/fca.11.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho kinase (ROCK) belongs to the AGC (PKA/PKG/PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases and is a major downstream effector of the small GTPase RhoA. ROCK plays central roles in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and is involved in a wide range of fundamental cellular functions such as contraction, adhesion, migration, proliferation and gene expression. Two ROCK isoforms, ROCK1 and ROCK2, are assumed to be functionally redundant, based largely on the major common activators, the high degree of homology within the kinase domain and studies from overexpression with kinase constructs and chemical inhibitors (e.g., Y27632 and fasudil), which inhibit both ROCK1 and ROCK2. Extensive experimental and clinical studies support a critical role for the RhoA/ROCK pathway in the vascular bed in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, in which increased ROCK activity mediates vascular smooth muscle cell hypercontraction, endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory cell recruitment and vascular remodeling. Recent experimental studies, using ROCK inhibitors or genetic mouse models, indicate that the RhoA/ROCK pathway in myocardium contributes to cardiac remodeling induced by ischemic injury or persistent hypertrophic stress, thereby leading to cardiac decompensation and heart failure. This article, based on recent molecular, cellular and animal studies, focuses on the current understanding of ROCK signaling in cardiovascular diseases and in the pathogenesis of heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Surma
- Riley Heart Research Centre, Wells Centre for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kapakos G, Bouallegue A, Daou GB, Srivastava AK. Modulatory Role of Nitric Oxide/cGMP System in Endothelin-1-Induced Signaling Responses in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Curr Cardiol Rev 2011; 6:247-54. [PMID: 22043200 PMCID: PMC3083805 DOI: 10.2174/157340310793566055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important vasoprotective molecule that serves not only as a vasodilator but also exerts antihypertrophic and antiproliferative effects in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The precise mechanism by which the antihypertrophic and antiproliferative responses of NO are mediated remains obscure. However, recent studies have suggested that one of the mechanisms by which this may be achieved includes the attenuation of signal transduction pathways responsible for inducing the hypertrophic and proliferative program in VSMC. Endothelin-1 is a powerful vasoconstrictor peptide with mitogenic and growth stimulatory properties and exerts its effects by activating multiple signaling pathways which include ERK 1/2, PKB and Rho-ROCK. Both cGMP-dependent and independent events have been reported to mediate the effect of NO on these pathways leading to its vasoprotective response. This review briefly summarizes some key studies on the modulatory effect of NO on these signaling pathways and discusses the possible role of cGMP system in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Kapakos
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) - Technopole Angus and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardiac nitric oxide and endothelin-1 (ET-1) systems are closely linked and play a critical role in cardiac physiology. The balance between both systems is often disturbed in cardiovascular diseases. To define the cardiac effect of excessive ET-1 in a status of nitric oxide deficiency, we compared left ventricular function and morphology in wild-type mice, ET-1 transgenic (ET(+/+)) mice, endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (eNOS(-/-)) mice, and ET(+/+)eNOS(-/-) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS eNOS(-/-) and ET(+/+)eNOS(-/-) mice developed high blood pressure compared with wild-type and ET(+/+) mice. Left ventricular catheterization showed that eNOS(-/-) mice, but not ET(+/+)eNOS(-/-) , developed diastolic dysfunction characterized by increased end-diastolic pressure and relaxation constant tau. To elucidate the causal molecular mechanisms driving the rescue of diastolic function in ET(+/+)eNOS(-/-) mice, the cardiac proteome was analyzed. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry offers an appropriate hypothesis-free approach. ET-1 overexpression on an eNOS(-/-) background led to an elevated abundance and change in posttranslational state of antioxidant enzymes (e.g., peroxiredoxin-6, glutathione S-transferase mu 2, and heat shock protein beta 7). In contrast to ET(+/+)eNOS(-/-) mice, eNOS(-/-) mice showed an elevated abundance of proteins responsible for sarcomere disassembly (e.g., cofilin-1 and cofilin-2). In ET(+/+)eNOS(-/-) mice, glycolysis was favored at the expense of fatty acid oxidation. CONCLUSION eNOS(-/-) mice developed diastolic dysfunction; this was rescued by ET-1 transgenic overexpression. This study furthermore suggests that cardiac ET-1 overexpression in case of eNOS deficiency causes specifically the regulation of proteins playing a role in oxidative stress, myocytes contractility, and energy metabolism.
Collapse
|
28
|
Thandapilly SJ, Louis XL, Yang T, Stringer DM, Yu L, Zhang S, Wigle J, Kardami E, Zahradka P, Taylor C, Anderson HD, Netticadan T. Resveratrol prevents norepinephrine induced hypertrophy in adult rat cardiomyocytes, by activating NO-AMPK pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 668:217-24. [PMID: 21756902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Increased adrenergic drive is a major factor influencing the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, a stage which precedes overt heart failure. We examined the effect of resveratrol, a polyphenol (found predominantly in grapes), in preventing norepinephrine induced hypertrophy of adult cardiomyocyte, and the role of nitric oxide (NO) and adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) in the effects of resveratrol. Cardiomyocytes isolated from adult rats were pretreated, or not, with resveratrol and then exposed to norepinephrine for 24h. In other experiments cardiomyocytes were also treated with different pharmacological inhibitors of NO synthase, AMPK and sirtuin for elucidating the signaling pathways underlying the effect of resveratrol. In order to validate the role of these signaling molecules in the in vivo settings, we also examined hearts from resveratrol treated spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), a genetic model of essential hypertension. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was determined by morphometry and (3)H-phenylalanine incorporation assay. NO levels and AMPK activity were measured using a specific assay kit and western blot analysis respectively. In vitro, resveratrol prevented the norepinephrine-induced increase in cardiomyocytes size and protein synthesis. Pharmacological inhibition of NO-AMPK signaling abolished the anti-hypertrophic action of resveratrol. Consistent with the in vitro findings, the anti-hypertrophic effect of resveratrol in the SHR model was associated with increases in NO and AMPK activity. This study demonstrates that NO-AMPK signaling is linked to the anti-hypertrophic effect of resveratrol in adult cardiomyocytes in vitro, and in the SHR model in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijo J Thandapilly
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Essick EE, Sam F. Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in the metabolic syndrome: a role for aldosterone and the mineralocorticoid receptor. Int J Hypertens 2011; 2011:346985. [PMID: 21747976 PMCID: PMC3124304 DOI: 10.4061/2011/346985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and hypertension, major risk factors for the metabolic syndrome, render individuals susceptible to an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, such as adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure. There has been much investigation into the role that an increase in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and in particular, how aldosterone mediates left ventricular hypertrophy and increased cardiac fibrosis via its interaction with the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Here, we review the pertinent findings that link obesity with elevated aldosterone and the development of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis associated with the metabolic syndrome. These studies illustrate a complex cross-talk between adipose tissue, the heart, and the adrenal
cortex. Furthermore, we discuss findings from our laboratory that suggest that cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in the metabolic syndrome may involve cross-talk between aldosterone and adipokines (such as adiponectin).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Essick
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine 715 Albany Street, W507 Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang CX, Pan SN, Meng RS, Peng CQ, Xiong ZJ, Chen BL, Chen GQ, Yao FJ, Chen YL, Ma YD, Dong YG. Metformin attenuates ventricular hypertrophy by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 38:55-62. [PMID: 21083698 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05461.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
1. Metformin is an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Recent studies suggest that pharmacological activation of AMPK inhibits cardiac hypertrophy. In the present study, we examined whether long-term treatment with metformin could attenuate ventricular hypertrophy in a rat model. The potential involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the effects of metformin was also investigated. 2. Ventricular hypertrophy was established in rats by transaortic constriction (TAC). Starting 1 week after the TAC procedure, rats were treated with metformin (300 mg/kg per day, p.o.), N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 50 mg/kg per day, p.o.) or both for 8 weeks prior to the assessment of haemodynamic function and cardiac hypertrophy. 3. Cultured cardiomyocytes were used to examine the effects of metformin on the AMPK-endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) pathway. Cells were exposed to angiotensin (Ang) II (10⁻⁶ mol/L) for 24 h under serum-free conditions in the presence or absence of metformin (10⁻³ mol/L), compound C (10⁻⁶ mol/L), L-NAME (10⁻⁶ mol/L) or their combination. The rate of incorporation of [³H]-leucine was determined, western blotting analyses of AMPK-eNOS, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were undertaken and the concentration of NO in culture media was determined. 4. Transaortic constriction resulted in significant haemodynamic dysfunction and ventricular hypertrophy. Myocardial fibrosis was also evident. Treatment with metformin improved haemodynamic function and significantly attenuated ventricular hypertrophy. Most of the effects of metformin were abolished by concomitant L-NAME treatment. L-NAME on its own had no effect on haemodynamic function and ventricular hypertrophy in TAC rats. 5. In cardiomyocytes, metformin inhibited AngII-induced protein synthesis, an effect that was suppressed by the AMPK inhibitor compound C or the eNOS inhibitor L-NAME. The improvement in cardiac structure and function following metformin treatment was associated with enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK and eNOS and increased NO production. 6. The findings of the present study indicate that long-term treatment with metformin could attenuate ventricular hypertrophy induced by pressure overload via activation of AMPK and a downstream signalling pathway involving eNOS-NO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bkaily G, Avedanian L, Al-Khoury J, Provost C, Nader M, D'Orléans-Juste P, Jacques D. Nuclear membrane receptors for ET-1 in cardiovascular function. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 300:R251-63. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00736.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane endothelin type A (ETA) receptors are internalized and recycled to the plasma membrane, whereas endothelin type B (ETB) receptors undergo degradation and subsequent nuclear translocation. Recent studies show that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion transporters are also present and functional at the nuclear membranes of many cell types. Similarly to other GPCRs, ETA and ETB are present at both the plasma and nuclear membranes of several cardiovascular cell types, including human cardiac, vascular smooth muscle, endocardial endothelial, and vascular endothelial cells. The distribution and density of ETARs in the cytosol (including the cell membrane) and the nucleus (including the nuclear membranes) differ between these cell types. However, the localization and density of ET-1 and ETB receptors are similar in these cell types. The extracellular ET-1-induced increase in cytosolic ([Ca]c) and nuclear ([Ca]n) free Ca2+ is associated with an increase of cytosolic and nuclear reactive oxygen species. The extracellular ET-1-induced increase of [Ca]c and [Ca]n as well as intracellular ET-1-induced increase of [Ca]n are cell-type dependent. The type of ET-1 receptor mediating the extracellular ET-1-induced increase of [Ca]c and [Ca]n depends on the cell type. However, the cytosolic ET-1-induced increase of [Ca]n does not depend on cell type. In conclusion, nuclear membranes' ET-1 receptors may play an important role in overall ET-1 action. These nuclear membrane ET-1 receptors could be targets for a new generation of antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan Bkaily
- Faculty of Medicine, Departments of 1Anatomy and Cell Biology and
| | - Levon Avedanian
- Faculty of Medicine, Departments of 1Anatomy and Cell Biology and
| | - Johny Al-Khoury
- Faculty of Medicine, Departments of 1Anatomy and Cell Biology and
| | - Chantale Provost
- Faculty of Medicine, Departments of 1Anatomy and Cell Biology and
| | - Moni Nader
- Faculty of Medicine, Departments of 1Anatomy and Cell Biology and
| | | | - Danielle Jacques
- Faculty of Medicine, Departments of 1Anatomy and Cell Biology and
| |
Collapse
|