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Yellon DM, Beikoghli Kalkhoran S, Davidson SM. The RISK pathway leading to mitochondria and cardioprotection: how everything started. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:22. [PMID: 37233787 PMCID: PMC10220132 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-00992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease, which often manifests clinically as myocardial infarction (MI), remains a major cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the development of effective pre-clinical cardioprotective therapies, clinical translation has been disappointing. Nevertheless, the 'reperfusion injury salvage kinase' (RISK) pathway appears to be a promising target for cardioprotection. This pathway is crucial for the induction of cardioprotection by numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, such as ischaemic conditioning. An important component of the cardioprotective effects of the RISK pathway involves the prevention of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening and subsequent cardiac cell death. Here, we will review the historical perspective of the RISK pathway and focus on its interaction with mitochondria in the setting of cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK.
| | | | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
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Chen X, Zhabyeyev P, Azad AK, Vanhaesebroeck B, Grueter CE, Murray AG, Kassiri Z, Oudit GY. Pharmacological and cell-specific genetic PI3Kα inhibition worsens cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 157:17-30. [PMID: 33887328 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PI3Kα (Phosphoinositide 3-kinase α) regulates multiple downstream signaling pathways controlling cell survival, growth, and proliferation and is an attractive therapeutic target in cancer and obesity. The clinically-approved PI3Kα inhibitor, BYL719, is in further clinical trials for cancer and overgrowth syndrome. However, the potential impact of PI3Kα inhibition on the heart and following myocardial infarction (MI) is unclear. We aim to determine whether PI3Kα inhibition affects cardiac physiology and post-MI remodeling and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Wildtype (WT) 12-wk old male mice receiving BYL719 (daily, p.o.) for 10 days showed reduction in left ventricular longitudinal strain with normal ejection fraction, weight loss, mild cardiac atrophy, body composition alteration, and prolonged QTC interval. RNASeq analysis showed gene expression changes in multiple pathways including extracellular matrix remodeling and signaling complexes. After MI, both p110α and phospho-Akt protein levels were increased in human and mouse hearts. Pharmacological PI3Kα inhibition aggravated cardiac dysfunction and resulted in adverse post-MI remodeling, with increased apoptosis, elevated inflammation, suppressed hypertrophy, decreased coronary blood vessel density, and inhibited Akt/GSK3β/eNOS signaling. Selective genetic ablation of PI3Kα in endothelial cells was associated with worsened post-MI cardiac function and reduced coronary blood vessel density. In vitro, BYL719 suppressed Akt/eNOS activation, cell viability, proliferation, and angiogenic sprouting in coronary and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Cardiomyocyte-specific genetic PI3Kα ablation resulted in mild cardiac systolic dysfunction at baseline. After MI, cardiac function markedly deteriorated with increased mortality concordant with greater apoptosis and reduced hypertrophy. In isolated adult mouse cardiomyocytes, BYL719 decreased hypoxia-associated activation of Akt/GSK3β signaling and cell survival. CONCLUSIONS PI3Kα is required for cell survival (endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes) hypertrophic response, and angiogenesis to maintain cardiac function after MI. Therefore, PI3Kα inhibition that is used as anti-cancer treatment, can be cardiotoxic, especially after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Pavel Zhabyeyev
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Abul K Azad
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Chad E Grueter
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Allan G Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Gunata M, Parlakpinar H. A review of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury: Pathophysiology, experimental models, biomarkers, genetics and pharmacological treatment. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:190-217. [PMID: 32892450 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are known to be the most fatal diseases worldwide. Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is at the centre of the pathology of the most common cardiovascular diseases. According to the World Health Organization estimates, ischaemic heart disease is the leading global cause of death, causing more than 9 million deaths in 2016. After cardiovascular events, thrombolysis, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery are applied as treatment. However, after restoring coronary blood flow, myocardial I/R injury may occur. It is known that this damage occurs due to many pathophysiological mechanisms, especially increasing reactive oxygen types. Besides causing cardiomyocyte death through multiple mechanisms, it may be an important reason for affecting other cell types such as platelets, fibroblasts, endothelial and smooth muscle cells and immune cells. Also, polymorphonuclear leukocytes are associated with myocardial I/R damage during reperfusion. This damage may be insufficient in patients with co-morbidity, as it is demonstrated that it can be prevented by various endogenous antioxidant systems. In this context, the resulting data suggest that optimal cardioprotection may require a combination of additional or synergistic multi-target treatments. In this review, we discussed the pathophysiology, experimental models, biomarkers, treatment and its relationship with genetics in myocardial I/R injury. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: This review summarized current information on myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (pathophysiology, experimental models, biomarkers, genetics and pharmacological therapy) for researchers and reveals guiding data for researchers, especially in the field of cardiovascular system and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Gunata
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Novel Molecular Targets Participating in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Cardioprotection. Cardiol Res Pract 2019; 2019:6935147. [PMID: 31275641 PMCID: PMC6558612 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6935147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and related heart failure remain high. While effective early reperfusion of the criminal coronary artery after a confirmed AMI is the typical treatment at present, collateral myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) and pertinent cardioprotection are still challenging to address and have inadequately understood mechanisms. Therefore, unveiling the related novel molecular targets and networks participating in triggering and resisting the pathobiology of MIRI is a promising and valuable frontier. The present study specifically focuses on the recent MIRI advances that are supported by sophisticated bio-methodology in order to bring the poorly understood interrelationship among pro- and anti-MIRI participant molecules up to date, as well as to identify findings that may facilitate the further investigation of novel targets.
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Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in controlling tissue development and maintaining normal tissue function. Dysregulated angiogenesis is implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, particularly diabetes, cancers, and neurodegenerative disorders. As the major regulator of angiogenesis, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family is composed of a group of crucial members including VEGF-B. While the physiological roles of VEGF-B remain debatable, increasing evidence suggests that this protein is able to protect certain type of cells from apoptosis under pathological conditions. More importantly, recent studies reveal that VEGF-B is involved in lipid transport and energy metabolism, implicating this protein in obesity, diabetes and related metabolic complications. This article summarizes the current knowledge and understanding of VEGF-B in physiology and pathology, and shed light on the therapeutic potential of this crucial protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhu
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Mingming Gao
- b Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yue Tong
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
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Li GH, Luo B, Lv YX, Zheng F, Wang L, Wei MX, Li XY, Zhang L, Wang JN, Chen SY, Tang JM, He X. Dual effects of VEGF-B on activating cardiomyocytes and cardiac stem cells to protect the heart against short- and long-term ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Transl Med 2016; 14:116. [PMID: 27146579 PMCID: PMC4855341 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To investigate whether vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) improves myocardial survival and cardiac stem cell (CSC) function in the ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) heart and promotes CSC mobilization and angiogenesis. Methods and results One hour after myocardial ischemia and infarction, rats were treated with recombinant human VEGF-B protein following 24 h or 7 days of myocardial reperfusion. Twenty-four hours after myocardial I/R, VEGF-B increased pAkt and Bcl-2 levels, reduced p-p38MAPK, LC3-II/I, beclin-1, CK, CK-MB and cTnt levels, triggered cardiomyocyte protection against I/R-induced autophagy and apoptosis, and contributed to the decrease of infarction size and the improvement of heart function during I/R. Simultaneously, an in vitro hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R)-induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury model was used to mimic I/R injury model in vivo; in this model, VEGF-B decreased LDH release, blocked H/R-induced apoptosis by inhibiting cell autophagy, and these special effects could be abolished by the autophagy inducer, rapamycin. Mechanistically, VEGF-B markedly activated the Akt signaling pathway while slightly inhibiting p38MAPK, leading to the blockade of cell autophagy and thus protecting cardiomyocyte from H/R-induced activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Seven days after I/R, VEGF-B induced the expression of SDF-1α and HGF, resulting in the massive mobilization and homing of c-Kit positive cells, triggering further angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the infracted heart and contributing to the improvement of I/R heart function. Conclusion VEGF-B could contribute to a favorable short- and long-term prognosis for I/R via the dual manipulation of cardiomyocytes and CSCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0847-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Yan-Xia Lv
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Fei Zheng
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Meng-Xi Wei
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Xian-Yu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Jia-Ning Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jun-Ming Tang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China. .,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, China.
| | - Xiaohua He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China.
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McLean BA, Zhabyeyev P, Patel VB, Basu R, Parajuli N, DesAulniers J, Murray AG, Kassiri Z, Vanhaesebroeck B, Oudit GY. PI3Kα is essential for the recovery from Cre/tamoxifen cardiotoxicity and in myocardial insulin signalling but is not required for normal myocardial contractility in the adult heart. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 105:292-303. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase IA (PI3K-IA) activation in cardioprotection induced by ouabain preconditioning. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 80:114-25. [PMID: 25575882 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction, the clinical manifestation of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, is a leading cause of death worldwide. Like ischemic preconditioning (IPC) induced by brief episodes of ischemia and reperfusion, ouabain preconditioning (OPC) mediated by Na/K-ATPase signaling protects the heart against IR injury. Class I PI3K activation is required for IPC, but its role in OPC has not been investigated. While PI3K-IB is critical to IPC, studies have suggested that ouabain signaling is PI3K-IA-specific. Hence, a pharmacological approach was used to test the hypothesis that OPC and IPC rely on distinct PI3K-I isoforms. In Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts, OPC was initiated by 4 min of ouabain 10 μM and IPC was triggered by 4 cycles of 5 min ischemia and reperfusion prior to 40 min of global ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion. Without affecting PI3K-IB, ouabain doubled PI3K-IA activity and Akt phosphorylation at Ser(473). IPC and OPC significantly preserved cardiac contractile function and tissue viability as evidenced by left ventricular developed pressure and end-diastolic pressure recovery, reduced lactate dehydrogenase release, and decreased infarct size. OPC protection was blunted by the PI3K-IA inhibitor PI-103, but not by the PI3K-IB inhibitor AS-604850. In contrast, IPC-mediated protection was not affected by PI-103 but was blocked by AS-604850, suggesting that PI3K-IA activation is required for OPC while PI3K-IB activation is needed for IPC. Mechanistically, PI3K-IA activity is required for ouabain-induced Akt activation but not PKCε translocation. However, in contrast to PKCε translocation which is critical to protection, Akt activity was not required for OPC. Further studies shall reveal the identity of the downstream targets of this new PI3K IA-dependent branch of OPC. These findings may be of clinical relevance in patients at risk for myocardial infarction with underlying diseases and/or medication that could differentially affect the integrity of cardiac PI3K-IA and IB pathways.
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Zhabyeyev P, McLean B, Patel VB, Wang W, Ramprasath T, Oudit GY. Dual loss of PI3Kα and PI3Kγ signaling leads to an age-dependent cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 77:155-9. [PMID: 25451171 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling plays a critical role in maintaining normal cardiac structure and function. PI3Kα and PI3Kγ are the dominant cardiac isoforms and have both adaptive and maladaptive roles in heart disease. Broad spectrum PI3K inhibitors are emerging as potential new chemotherapeutic agents which may have deleterious long-term effects on the heart. We created a double mutant (PI3KDM) model by crossing p110γ(-/-) (PI3KγKO) with cardiac-specific PI3KαDN mice and studied cardiac structure and function at 1-year of age. Pressure-volume loop analysis and echocardiographic assessment showed PI3KDM mice developed marked impairment in systolic function while the wildtype, PI3KαDN, and PI3KγKO mice maintained normal systolic and diastolic function at 1-year of age. The PI3KDM hearts displayed increased expression of disease markers, increased myocardial fibrosis and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, depolymerization of intracellular F-actin, loss of phospho(threonine-308)-Akt, and normalization of phospho-Erk1/2 signaling. Dual loss of PI3Kα and PI3Kγ isoforms results in an age-dependent cardiomyopathy implying that long-term exposure to pan-PI3K inhibitors may lead to severe cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Zhabyeyev
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Brent McLean
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Vaibhav B Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Wang Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Tharmarajan Ramprasath
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Changes in the loading conditions induced by vagal stimulation modify the myocardial infarct size through sympathetic-parasympathetic interactions. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:1509-1522. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ischemic Postconditioning Reduces Infarct Size Through the α1-Adrenergic Receptor Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 63:504-11. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
The protein kinase mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an atypical serine/threonine kinase that exerts its main cellular functions by interacting with specific adaptor proteins to form 2 different multiprotein complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). mTORC1 regulates protein synthesis, cell growth and proliferation, autophagy, cell metabolism, and stress responses, whereas mTORC2 seems to regulate cell survival and polarity. The mTOR pathway plays a key regulatory function in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. However, the majority of information available about mTOR function in the cardiovascular system is related to the role of mTORC1 in the unstressed and stressed heart. mTORC1 is required for embryonic cardiovascular development and for postnatal maintenance of cardiac structure and function. In addition, mTORC1 is necessary for cardiac adaptation to pressure overload and development of compensatory hypertrophy. However, partial and selective pharmacological and genetic inhibition of mTORC1 was shown to extend life span in mammals, reduce pathological hypertrophy and heart failure caused by increased load or genetic cardiomyopathies, reduce myocardial damage after acute and chronic myocardial infarction, and reduce cardiac derangements caused by metabolic disorders. The optimal therapeutic strategy to target mTORC1 and increase cardioprotection is under intense investigation. This article reviews the information available regarding the effects exerted by mTOR signaling in cardiovascular physiology and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Sciarretta
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ (S.S., J.S.); IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (S.S., M.V.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy (M.V.)
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Kivelä R, Bry M, Robciuc MR, Räsänen M, Taavitsainen M, Silvola JMU, Saraste A, Hulmi JJ, Anisimov A, Mäyränpää MI, Lindeman JH, Eklund L, Hellberg S, Hlushchuk R, Zhuang ZW, Simons M, Djonov V, Knuuti J, Mervaala E, Alitalo K. VEGF-B-induced vascular growth leads to metabolic reprogramming and ischemia resistance in the heart. EMBO Mol Med 2014; 6:307-21. [PMID: 24448490 PMCID: PMC3958306 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201303147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic growth factors have recently been linked to tissue metabolism. We have used genetic gain- and loss-of function models to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of action of vascular endothelial growth factor-B (VEGF-B) in the heart. A cardiomyocyte-specific VEGF-B transgene induced an expanded coronary arterial tree and reprogramming of cardiomyocyte metabolism. This was associated with protection against myocardial infarction and preservation of mitochondrial complex I function upon ischemia-reperfusion. VEGF-B increased VEGF signals via VEGF receptor-2 to activate Erk1/2, which resulted in vascular growth. Akt and mTORC1 pathways were upregulated and AMPK downregulated, readjusting cardiomyocyte metabolic pathways to favor glucose oxidation and macromolecular biosynthesis. However, contrasting with a previous theory, there was no difference in fatty acid uptake by the heart between the VEGF-B transgenic, gene-targeted or wildtype rats. Importantly, we also show that VEGF-B expression is reduced in human heart disease. Our data indicate that VEGF-B could be used to increase the coronary vasculature and to reprogram myocardial metabolism to improve cardiac function in ischemic heart disease. Subject Categories Cardiovascular System; Metabolism See also: C Kupatt and R Hinkel (March 2014)
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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McLean BA, Zhabyeyev P, Pituskin E, Paterson I, Haykowsky MJ, Oudit GY. PI3K Inhibitors as Novel Cancer Therapies: Implications for Cardiovascular Medicine. J Card Fail 2013; 19:268-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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