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Coutts CW, Baldwin AM, Jebeli M, Jolin GE, Mungai RW, Billiar KL. The Role of Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in a Cell Spheroid Model of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. Cells 2023; 13:45. [PMID: 38201249 PMCID: PMC10778193 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common heart valve disease among aging populations. There are two reported pathways of CAVD: osteogenic and dystrophic, the latter being more prevalent. Current two-dimensional (2D) in vitro CAVD models have shed light on the disease but lack three-dimensional (3D) cell-ECM interactions, and current 3D models require osteogenic media to induce calcification. The goal of this work is to develop a 3D dystrophic calcification model. We hypothesize that, as with 2D cell-based CAVD models, programmed cell death (apoptosis) is integral to calcification. We model the cell aggregation observed in CAVD by creating porcine valvular interstitial cell spheroids in agarose microwells. Upon culture in complete growth media (DMEM with serum), calcium nodules form in the spheroids within a few days. Inhibiting apoptosis with Z-VAD significantly reduced calcification, indicating that the calcification observed in this model is dystrophic rather than osteogenic. To determine the relative roles of oxidative stress and extracellular matrix (ECM) production in the induction of apoptosis and subsequent calcification, the media was supplemented with antioxidants with differing effects on ECM formation (ascorbic acid (AA), Trolox, or Methionine). All three antioxidants significantly reduced calcification as measured by Von Kossa staining, with the percentages of calcification per area of AA, Trolox, Methionine, and the non-antioxidant-treated control on day 7 equaling 0.17%, 2.5%, 6.0%, and 7.7%, respectively. As ZVAD and AA almost entirely inhibit calcification, apoptosis does not appear to be caused by a lack of diffusion of oxygen and metabolites within the small spheroids. Further, the observation that AA treatment reduces calcification significantly more than the other antioxidants indicates that the ECM stimulatory effect of AA plays a role inhibiting apoptosis and calcification in the spheroids. We conclude that, in this 3D in vitro model, both oxidative stress and ECM production play crucial roles in dystrophic calcification and may be viable therapeutic targets for preventing CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kristen L. Billiar
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA (G.E.J.)
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Tofani LB, Abriata JP, Luiz MT, Marchetti JM, Swiech K. Establishment and characterization of an in vitro
3D
ovarian cancer model for drug screening assays. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e3034. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa B. Tofani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Juliana P. Abriata
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Marcela T. Luiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Juliana M. Marchetti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Kamilla Swiech
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto Sao Paulo Brazil
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De Moor L, Fernandez S, Vercruysse C, Tytgat L, Asadian M, De Geyter N, Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P, Declercq H. Hybrid Bioprinting of Chondrogenically Induced Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:484. [PMID: 32523941 PMCID: PMC7261943 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the treatment of articular cartilage lesions remains challenging. A promising strategy for the development of new regenerative therapies is hybrid bioprinting, combining the principles of developmental biology, biomaterial science, and 3D bioprinting. In this approach, scaffold-free cartilage microtissues with small diameters are used as building blocks, combined with a photo-crosslinkable hydrogel and subsequently bioprinted. Spheroids of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSC) are created using a high-throughput microwell system and chondrogenic differentiation is induced during 42 days by applying chondrogenic culture medium and low oxygen tension (5%). Stable and homogeneous cartilage spheroids with a mean diameter of 116 ± 2.80 μm, which is compatible with bioprinting, were created after 14 days of culture and a glycosaminoglycans (GAG)- and collagen II-positive extracellular matrix (ECM) was observed. Spheroids were able to assemble at random into a macrotissue, driven by developmental biology tissue fusion processes, and after 72 h of culture, a compact macrotissue was formed. In a directed assembly approach, spheroids were assembled with high spatial control using the bio-ink based extrusion bioprinting approach. Therefore, 14-day spheroids were combined with a photo-crosslinkable methacrylamide-modified gelatin (gelMA) as viscous printing medium to ensure shape fidelity of the printed construct. The photo-initiators Irgacure 2959 and Li-TPO-L were evaluated by assessing their effect on bio-ink properties and the chondrogenic phenotype. The encapsulation in gelMA resulted in further chondrogenic maturation observed by an increased production of GAG and a reduction of collagen I. Moreover, the use of Li-TPO-L lead to constructs with lower stiffness which induced a decrease of collagen I and an increase in GAG and collagen II production. After 3D bioprinting, spheroids remained viable and the cartilage phenotype was maintained. Our findings demonstrate that hBM-MSC spheroids are able to differentiate into cartilage microtissues and display a geometry compatible with 3D bioprinting. Furthermore, for hybrid bioprinting of these spheroids, gelMA is a promising material as it exhibits favorable properties in terms of printability and it supports the viability and chondrogenic phenotype of hBM-MSC microtissues. Moreover, it was shown that a lower hydrogel stiffness enhances further chondrogenic maturation after bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise De Moor
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sélina Fernandez
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Vercruysse
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Tytgat
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mahtab Asadian
- Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie De Geyter
- Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heidi Declercq
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Heidi Declercq, ;
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Brovold M, Almeida JI, Pla-Palacín I, Sainz-Arnal P, Sánchez-Romero N, Rivas JJ, Almeida H, Dachary PR, Serrano-Aulló T, Soker S, Baptista PM. Naturally-Derived Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1077:421-449. [PMID: 30357702 PMCID: PMC7526297 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0947-2_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Naturally-derived biomaterials have been used for decades in multiple regenerative medicine applications. From the simplest cell microcarriers made of collagen or alginate, to highly complex decellularized whole-organ scaffolds, these biomaterials represent a class of substances that is usually first in choice at the time of electing a functional and useful biomaterial. Hence, in this chapter we describe the several naturally-derived biomaterials used in tissue engineering applications and their classification, based on composition. We will also describe some of the present uses of the generated tissues like drug discovery, developmental biology, bioprinting and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Brovold
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joana I Almeida
- Health Research Institute of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Iris Pla-Palacín
- Health Research Institute of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Sainz-Arnal
- Health Research Institute of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Jesus J Rivas
- Health Research Institute of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Helen Almeida
- Health Research Institute of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Royo Dachary
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitária de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Liver Transplant Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Trinidad Serrano-Aulló
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitária de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Liver Transplant Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Pedro M Baptista
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitária de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Research Network Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
- Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Roosens A, Handoyo YP, Dubruel P, Declercq H. Impact of modified gelatin on valvular microtissues. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:771-784. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Roosens
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Tissue Engineering GroupGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Macromolecular ChemistryGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Heidi Declercq
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Tissue Engineering GroupGhent University Ghent Belgium
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Durand-Herrera D, Campos F, Jaimes-Parra BD, Sánchez-López JD, Fernández-Valadés R, Alaminos M, Campos A, Carriel V. Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal cells as a new source for the generation of microtissues for tissue engineering applications. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:379-393. [PMID: 29931444 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microtissues (MT) are currently considered as a promising alternative for the fabrication of natural, 3D biomimetic functional units for the construction of bio-artificial substitutes by tissue engineering (TE). The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of generating mesenchymal cell-based MT using human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly stromal cells (WJSC-MT). MT were generated using agarose microchips and evaluated ex vivo during 28 days. Fibroblasts MT (FIB-MT) were used as control. Morphometry, cell viability and metabolism, MT-formation process and ECM synthesis were assessed by phase-contrast microscopy, functional biochemical assays, and histological analyses. Morphometry revealed a time-course compaction process in both MT, but WJSC-MT resulted to be larger than FIB-MT in all days analyzed. Cell viability and functionality evaluation demonstrated that both MT were composed by viable and metabolically active cells, especially the WJSC during 4-21 days ex vivo. Histology showed that WJSC acquired a peripheral pattern and synthesized an extracellular matrix-rich core over the time, what differed from the homogeneous pattern observed in FIB-MT. This study demonstrates the possibility of using WJSC to create MT containing viable and functional cells and abundant extracellular matrix. We hypothesize that WJSC-MT could be a promising alternative in TE protocols. However, future cell differentiation and in vivo studies are still needed to demonstrate the potential usefulness of WJSC-MT in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Durand-Herrera
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Doctoral Programme in Biomedicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - F Campos
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - B D Jaimes-Parra
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J D Sánchez-López
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Complex of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - R Fernández-Valadés
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Complex of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Alaminos
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - A Campos
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
| | - V Carriel
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
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