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Zhang B, Wu Y, Yang X, Xiang Y, Yang B. Molecular insight into arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy caused by DSG2 mutations. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115448. [PMID: 37696084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutant desmoglein 2 (DSG2) is the second most common pathogenic gene in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), accounting for approximately 10% of ACM cases. In addition to common clinical and pathological features, ACM caused by mutant DSG2 has specific characteristics, manifesting as left ventricle involvement and a high risk of heart failure. Pathological studies have shown extensive cardiomyocyte necrosis, infiltration of immune cells, and fibrofatty replacement in both ventricles, as well as abnormal desmosome structures in the hearts of humans and mice with mutant DSG2-related ACM. Although desmosome dysfunction is a common pathway in the pathogenesis of mutant DSG2-related ACM, the mechanisms underlying this dysfunction vary among mutations. Desmosome dysfunction induces cardiomyocyte injury, plakoglobin dislocation, and gap junction dysfunction, all of which contribute to the initiation and progression of ACM. Additionally, dysregulated inflammation, overactivation of transforming growth factor-beta-1 signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cardiac metabolic dysfunction contribute to the pathogenesis of ACM caused by mutant DSG2. These features demonstrate that patients with mutant DSG2-related ACM should be managed individually and precisely based on the genotype and phenotype. Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and to identify novel therapies to reverse or attenuate the progression of ACM caused by mutant DSG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Yizhang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Xingbo Yang
- Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Yaozu Xiang
- Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai 200120, PR China.
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai 200120, PR China.
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Liu J, Cheng B, Fan X, Zhou X, Wang J, Zhou W, Li H, Zeng W, Yang P, Chen X. Click-iG: Simultaneous Enrichment and Profiling of Intact N-linked, O-GalNAc, and O-GlcNAcylated Glycopeptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303410. [PMID: 37431278 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are ubiquitously modified with glycans of varied chemical structures through distinct glycosidic linkages, making the landscape of protein glycosylation challenging to map. Profiling of intact glycopeptides with mass spectrometry (MS) has recently emerged as a powerful tool for revealing matched information of the glycosylation sites and attached glycans (i.e., intact glycosites), but is largely limited to individual glycosylation types. Herein, we describe Click-iG, which integrates metabolic labeling of glycans with clickable unnatural sugars, an optimized MS method, and a tailored version of pGlyco3 software to enable simultaneous enrichment and profiling of three types of intact glycopeptides: N-linked, mucin-type O-linked, and O-GlcNAcylated glycopeptides. We demonstrate the utility of Click-iG by the identification of thousands of intact glycosites in cell lines and living mice. From the mouse lung, heart, and spleen, a total of 2053 intact N-glycosites, 262 intact O-GalNAc glycosites, and 1947 O-GlcNAcylation sites were identified. Click-iG-enabled comprehensive coverage of the protein glycosylation landscape lays the foundation for interrogating crosstalk between different glycosylation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinqi Fan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinyue Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiankun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hengyu Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenfeng Zeng
- Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Institute of Computing Technology, CAS, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Pohl GM, Göz M, Gaertner A, Brodehl A, Cimen T, Saguner AM, Schulze-Bahr E, Walhorn V, Anselmetti D, Milting H. Cardiomyopathy related desmocollin-2 prodomain variants affect the intracellular cadherin transport and processing. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1127261. [PMID: 37273868 PMCID: PMC10235514 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1127261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy can be caused by genetic variants in desmosomal cadherins. Since cardiac desmosomal cadherins are crucial for cell-cell-adhesion, their correct localization at the plasma membrane is essential. Methods Nine desmocollin-2 variants at five positions from various public genetic databases (p.D30N, p.V52A/I, p.G77V/D/S, p.V79G, p.I96V/T) and three additional conserved positions (p.C32, p.C57, p.F71) within the prodomain were investigated in vitro using confocal microscopy. Model variants (p.C32A/S, p.V52G/L, p.C57A/S, p.F71Y/A/S, p.V79A/I/L, p.I96l/A) were generated to investigate the impact of specific amino acids. Results We revealed that all analyzed positions in the prodomain are critical for the intracellular transport. However, the variants p.D30N, p.V52A/I and p.I96V listed in genetic databases do not disturb the intracellular transport revealing that the loss of these canonical sequences may be compensated. Conclusion As disease-related homozygous truncating desmocollin-2 variants lacking the transmembrane domain are not localized at the plasma membrane, we predict that some of the investigated prodomain variants may be relevant in the context of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy due to disturbed intracellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Marie Pohl
- Erich & Hanna Klessmann-Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Development & Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart- and Diabetes Center NRW, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Manuel Göz
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanoscience, Faculty of Physics, University of Bielefeld, NRW, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anna Gaertner
- Erich & Hanna Klessmann-Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Development & Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart- and Diabetes Center NRW, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Andreas Brodehl
- Erich & Hanna Klessmann-Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Development & Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart- and Diabetes Center NRW, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Tolga Cimen
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ardan M. Saguner
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Schulze-Bahr
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Walhorn
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanoscience, Faculty of Physics, University of Bielefeld, NRW, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dario Anselmetti
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanoscience, Faculty of Physics, University of Bielefeld, NRW, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich & Hanna Klessmann-Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Development & Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart- and Diabetes Center NRW, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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The N-Terminal Part of the 1A Domain of Desmin Is a Hot Spot Region for Putative Pathogenic DES Mutations Affecting Filament Assembly. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233906. [PMID: 36497166 PMCID: PMC9738904 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmin is the major intermediate filament protein of all three muscle cell types, and connects different cell organelles and multi-protein complexes such as the cardiac desmosomes. Several pathogenic mutations in the DES gene cause different skeletal and cardiac myopathies. However, the significance of the majority of DES missense variants is currently unknown, since functional data are lacking. To determine whether desmin missense mutations within the highly conserved 1A coil domain cause a filament assembly defect, we generated a set of variants with unknown significance and systematically analyzed the filament assembly using confocal microscopy in transfected SW-13, H9c2 cells and cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. We found that mutations in the N-terminal part of the 1A coil domain affect filament assembly, leading to cytoplasmic desmin aggregation. In contrast, mutant desmin in the C-terminal part of the 1A coil domain forms filamentous structures comparable to wild-type desmin. Our findings suggest that the N-terminal part of the 1A coil domain is a hot spot for pathogenic desmin mutations, which affect desmin filament assembly. This study may have relevance for the genetic counselling of patients carrying variants in the 1A coil domain of the DES gene.
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Decrease of Pdzrn3 is required for heart maturation and protects against heart failure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8. [PMID: 34996942 PMCID: PMC8742099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the final common stage of most cardiopathies. Cardiomyocytes (CM) connect with others via their extremities by intercalated disk protein complexes. This planar and directional organization of myocytes is crucial for mechanical coupling and anisotropic conduction of the electric signal in the heart. One of the hallmarks of heart failure is alterations in the contact sites between CM. Yet no factor on its own is known to coordinate CM polarized organization. We have previously shown that PDZRN3, an ubiquitine ligase E3 expressed in various tissues including the heart, mediates a branch of the Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling involved in tissue patterning, instructing cell polarity and cell polar organization within a tissue. PDZRN3 is expressed in the embryonic mouse heart then its expression dropped significantly postnatally corresponding with heart maturation and CM polarized elongation. A moderate CM overexpression of Pdzrn3 (Pdzrn3 OE) during the first week of life, induced a severe eccentric hypertrophic phenotype with heart failure. In models of pressure-overload stress heart failure, CM-specific Pdzrn3 knockout showed complete protection against degradation of heart function. We reported that Pdzrn3 signaling induced PKC ζ expression, c-Jun nuclear translocation and a reduced nuclear ß catenin level, consistent markers of the planar non-canonical Wnt signaling in CM. We then show that subcellular localization (intercalated disk) of junction proteins as Cx43, ZO1 and Desmoglein 2 was altered in Pdzrn3 OE mice, which provides a molecular explanation for impaired CM polarization in these mice. Our results reveal a novel signaling pathway that controls a genetic program essential for heart maturation and maintenance of overall geometry, as well as the contractile function of CM, and implicates PDZRN3 as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of human heart failure.
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Gerull B, Brodehl A. Insights Into Genetics and Pathophysiology of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2021; 18:378-390. [PMID: 34478111 PMCID: PMC8616880 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-021-00532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a genetic disease characterized by life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in apparently healthy young adults. Mutations in genes encoding for cellular junctions can be found in about half of the patients. However, disease onset and severity, risk of arrhythmias, and outcome are highly variable and drug-targeted treatment is currently unavailable. Recent Findings This review focuses on advances in clinical risk stratification, genetic etiology, and pathophysiological concepts. The desmosome is the central part of the disease, but other intercalated disc and associated structural proteins not only broaden the genetic spectrum but also provide novel molecular and cellular insights into the pathogenesis of ACM. Signaling pathways and the role of inflammation will be discussed and targets for novel therapeutic approaches outlined. Summary Genetic discoveries and experimental-driven preclinical research contributed significantly to the understanding of ACM towards mutation- and pathway-specific personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Gerull
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), Department of Medicine I, University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Brodehl
- Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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Myasnikov R, Brodehl A, Meshkov A, Kulikova O, Kiseleva A, Pohl GM, Sotnikova E, Divashuk M, Klimushina M, Zharikova A, Pokrovskaya M, Koretskiy S, Kharlap M, Mershina E, Sinitsyn V, Basargina E, Gandaeva L, Barskiy V, Boytsov S, Milting H, Drapkina O. The Double Mutation DSG2-p.S363X and TBX20-p.D278X Is Associated with Left Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy: Case Report. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136775. [PMID: 34202524 PMCID: PMC8268202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is a rare heart disease, with or without left ventricular dysfunction, which is characterized by a two-layer structure of the myocardium and an increased number of trabeculae. The study of familial forms of LVNC is helpful for risk prediction and genetic counseling of relatives. Here, we present a family consisting of three members with LVNC. Using a next-generation sequencing approach a combination of two (likely) pathogenic nonsense mutations DSG2-p.S363X and TBX20-p.D278X was identified in all three patients. TBX20 encodes the cardiac T-box transcription factor 20. DSG2 encodes desmoglein–2, which is part of the cardiac desmosomes and belongs to the cadherin family. Since the identified nonsense variant (DSG2-p.S363X) is localized in the extracellular domain of DSG2, we performed in vitro cell transfection experiments. These experiments revealed the absence of truncated DSG2 at the plasma membrane, supporting the pathogenic relevance of DSG2-p.S363X. In conclusion, we suggest that in the future, these findings might be helpful for genetic screening and counseling of patients with LVNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Myasnikov
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigskiy Lane 10, 101990 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (M.P.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (O.D.)
| | - Andreas Brodehl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (G.M.P.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexey Meshkov
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigskiy Lane 10, 101990 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (M.P.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (O.D.)
| | - Olga Kulikova
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigskiy Lane 10, 101990 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (M.P.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (O.D.)
| | - Anna Kiseleva
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigskiy Lane 10, 101990 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (M.P.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (O.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Greta Marie Pohl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (G.M.P.); (H.M.)
| | - Evgeniia Sotnikova
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigskiy Lane 10, 101990 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (M.P.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (O.D.)
| | - Mikhail Divashuk
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigskiy Lane 10, 101990 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (M.P.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (O.D.)
- All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya Street, 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Klimushina
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigskiy Lane 10, 101990 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (M.P.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (O.D.)
| | - Anastasia Zharikova
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigskiy Lane 10, 101990 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (M.P.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (O.D.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky Prospect 27, Building 10, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Pokrovskaya
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigskiy Lane 10, 101990 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (M.P.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (O.D.)
| | - Sergey Koretskiy
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigskiy Lane 10, 101990 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (M.P.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (O.D.)
| | - Maria Kharlap
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigskiy Lane 10, 101990 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (M.P.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (O.D.)
| | - Elena Mershina
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky Prospect 27, Building 10, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.M.); (V.S.)
| | - Valentin Sinitsyn
- Medical Research and Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky Prospect 27, Building 10, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.M.); (V.S.)
| | - Elena Basargina
- National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Lomonosovsky Prospect 2, Building 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (L.G.); (V.B.)
| | - Leila Gandaeva
- National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Lomonosovsky Prospect 2, Building 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (L.G.); (V.B.)
| | - Vladimir Barskiy
- National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Lomonosovsky Prospect 2, Building 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.B.); (L.G.); (V.B.)
| | - Sergey Boytsov
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 3-ya Cherepkovskaya Street, 15A, 121552 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (G.M.P.); (H.M.)
| | - Oxana Drapkina
- National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigskiy Lane 10, 101990 Moscow, Russia; (R.M.); (A.M.); (O.K.); (E.S.); (M.D.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (M.P.); (S.K.); (M.K.); (O.D.)
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Hemi- and Homozygous Loss-of-Function Mutations in DSG2 (Desmoglein-2) Cause Recessive Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy with an Early Onset. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073786. [PMID: 33917638 PMCID: PMC8038858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
About 50% of patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) carry a pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutation in the desmosomal genes. However, there is a significant number of patients without positive familial anamnesis. Therefore, the molecular reasons for ACM in these patients are frequently unknown and a genetic contribution might be underestimated. Here, we used a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach and in addition single nucleotide polymor-phism (SNP) arrays for the genetic analysis of two independent index patients without familial medical history. Of note, this genetic strategy revealed a homozygous splice site mutation (DSG2–c.378+1G>T) in the first patient and a nonsense mutation (DSG2–p.L772X) in combination with a large deletion in DSG2 in the second one. In conclusion, a recessive inheritance pattern is likely for both cases, which might contribute to the hidden medical history in both families. This is the first report about these novel loss-of-function mutations in DSG2 that have not been previously identi-fied. Therefore, we suggest performing deep genetic analyses using NGS in combination with SNP arrays also for ACM index patients without obvious familial medical history. In the future, this finding might has relevance for the genetic counseling of similar cases.
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Rawal P, Zhao L. Sialometabolism in Brain Health and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:648617. [PMID: 33867926 PMCID: PMC8044809 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.648617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids refer to a unique family of acidic sugars with a 9-carbon backbone that are mostly found as terminal residues in glycan structures of glycoconjugates including both glycoproteins and glycolipids. The highest levels of sialic acids are expressed in the brain where they regulate neuronal sprouting and plasticity, axon myelination and myelin stability, as well as remodeling of mature neuronal connections. Moreover, sialic acids are the sole ligands for microglial Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins), and sialic acid-Siglec interactions have been indicated to play a critical role in the regulation of microglial homeostasis in a healthy brain. The recent discovery of CD33, a microglial Siglec, as a novel genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), highlights the potential role of sialic acids in the development of microglial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in AD. Apart from microglia, sialic acids have been found to be involved in several other major changes associated with AD. Elevated levels of serum sialic acids have been reported in AD patients. Alterations in ganglioside (major sialic acid carrier) metabolism have been demonstrated as an aggravating factor in the formation of amyloid pathology in AD. Polysialic acids are linear homopolymers of sialic acids and have been implicated to be an important regulator of neurogenesis that contributes to neuronal repair and recovery from neurodegeneration such as in AD. In summary, this article reviews current understanding of neural functions of sialic acids and alterations of sialometabolism in aging and AD brains. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of looking at sialic acids as a promising novel therapeutic target for AD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punam Rawal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Liqin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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The Desmin ( DES) Mutation p.A337P Is Associated with Left-Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12010121. [PMID: 33478057 PMCID: PMC7835827 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a small Russian family, where the index patient received a diagnosis of left-ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) in combination with a skeletal myopathy. Clinical follow-up analysis revealed a LVNC phenotype also in her son. Therefore, we applied a broad next-generation sequencing gene panel approach for the identification of the underlying mutation. Interestingly, DES-p.A337P was identified in the genomes of both patients, whereas only the index patient carried DSP-p.L1348X. DES encodes the muscle-specific intermediate filament protein desmin and DSP encodes desmoplakin, which is a cytolinker protein connecting desmosomes with the intermediate filaments. Because the majority of DES mutations cause severe filament assembly defects and because this mutation was found in both affected patients, we analyzed this DES mutation in vitro by cell transfection experiments in combination with confocal microscopy. Of note, desmin-p.A337P forms cytoplasmic aggregates in transfected SW-13 cells and in cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells underlining its pathogenicity. In conclusion, we suggest including the DES gene in the genetic analysis for LVNC patients in the future, especially if clinical involvement of the skeletal muscle is present.
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Zhu WZ, Olson A, Portman M, Ledee D. Sex impacts cardiac function and the proteome response to thyroid hormone in aged mice. Proteome Sci 2020; 18:11. [PMID: 33372611 PMCID: PMC7722307 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-020-00167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sex and age have substantial influence on thyroid function. Sex influences the risk and clinical expression of thyroid disorders (TDs), with age a proposed trigger for the development of TDs. Cardiac function is affected by thyroid hormone levels with gender differences. Accordingly, we investigated the proteomic changes involved in sex based cardiac responses to thyroid dysfunction in elderly mice. Methods Aged (18–20 months) male and female C57BL/6 mice were fed diets to create euthyroid, hypothyroid, or hyperthyroid states. Serial echocardiographs were performed to assess heart function. Proteomic changes in cardiac protein profiles were assessed by 2-D DIGE and LC-MS/MS, and a subset confirmed by immunoblotting. Results Serial echocardiographs showed ventricular function remained unchanged regardless of treatment. Heart rate and size increased (hyperthyroid) or decreased (hypothyroid) independent of sex. Pairwise comparison between the six groups identified 55 proteins (≥ 1.5-fold difference and p < 0.1). Compared to same-sex controls 26/55 protein changes were in the female hypothyroid heart, whereas 15/55 protein changes were identified in the male hypothyroid, and male and female hyperthyroid heart. The proteins mapped to oxidative phosphorylation, tissue remodeling and inflammatory response pathways. Conclusion We identified both predicted and novel proteins with gender specific differential expression in response to thyroid hormone status, providing a catalogue of proteins associated with thyroid dysfunction. Pursuit of these proteins and their involvement in cardiac function will expand our understanding of mechanisms involved in sex-based cardiac response to thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhong Zhu
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 9th Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Aaron Olson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 9th Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Portman
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 9th Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dolena Ledee
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 9th Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Gerull B, Brodehl A. Genetic Animal Models for Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:624. [PMID: 32670084 PMCID: PMC7327121 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy has been clinically defined since the 1980s and causes right or biventricular cardiomyopathy associated with ventricular arrhythmia. Although it is a rare cardiac disease, it is responsible for a significant proportion of sudden cardiac deaths, especially in athletes. The majority of patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy carry one or more genetic variants in desmosomal genes. In the 1990s, several knockout mouse models of genes encoding for desmosomal proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion revealed for the first time embryonic lethality due to cardiac defects. Influenced by these initial discoveries in mice, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy received an increasing interest in human cardiovascular genetics, leading to the discovery of mutations initially in desmosomal genes and later on in more than 25 different genes. Of note, even in the clinic, routine genetic diagnostics are important for risk prediction of patients and their relatives with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Based on improvements in genetic animal engineering, different transgenic, knock-in, or cardiac-specific knockout animal models for desmosomal and nondesmosomal proteins have been generated, leading to important discoveries in this field. Here, we present an overview about the existing animal models of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with a focus on the underlying pathomechanism and its importance for understanding of this disease. Prospectively, novel mechanistic insights gained from the whole animal, organ, tissue, cellular, and molecular levels will lead to the development of efficient personalized therapies for treatment of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Gerull
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andreas Brodehl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Development, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospitals of the Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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Desminopathy: Novel Desmin Variants, a New Cardiac Phenotype, and Further Evidence for Secondary Mitochondrial Dysfunction. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9040937. [PMID: 32235386 PMCID: PMC7231262 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The pleomorphic clinical presentation makes the diagnosis of desminopathy difficult. We aimed to describe the prevalence, phenotypic expression, and mitochondrial function of individuals with putative disease-causing desmin (DES) variants identified in patients with an unexplained etiology of cardiomyopathy. Methods: A total of 327 Czech patients underwent whole exome sequencing and detailed phenotyping in probands harboring DES variants. Results: Rare, conserved, and possibly pathogenic DES variants were identified in six (1.8%) probands. Two DES variants previously classified as variants of uncertain significance (p.(K43E), p.(S57L)), one novel DES variant (p.(A210D)), and two known pathogenic DES variants (p.(R406W), p.(R454W)) were associated with characteristic desmin-immunoreactive aggregates in myocardial and/or skeletal biopsy samples. The individual with the novel DES variant p.(Q364H) had a decreased myocardial expression of desmin with absent desmin aggregates in myocardial/skeletal muscle biopsy and presented with familial left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC), a relatively novel phenotype associated with desminopathy. An assessment of the mitochondrial function in four probands heterozygous for a disease-causing DES variant confirmed a decreased metabolic capacity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in myocardial/skeletal muscle specimens, which was in case of myocardial succinate respiration more profound than in other cardiomyopathies. Conclusions: The presence of desminopathy should also be considered in individuals with LVNC, and in the differential diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases.
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Brodehl A, Weiss J, Debus JD, Stanasiuk C, Klauke B, Deutsch MA, Fox H, Bax J, Ebbinghaus H, Gärtner A, Tiesmeier J, Laser T, Peterschröder A, Gerull B, Gummert J, Paluszkiewicz L, Milting H. A homozygous DSC2 deletion associated with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is caused by uniparental isodisomy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 141:17-29. [PMID: 32201174 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to unravel the genetic, molecular and cellular pathomechanisms of DSC2 truncation variants leading to arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). METHODS AND RESULTS We report a homozygous 4-bp DSC2 deletion variant c.1913_1916delAGAA, p.Q638LfsX647hom causing a frameshift carried by an ACM patient. Whole exome sequencing and comparative genomic hybridization analysis support a loss of heterozygosity in a large segment of chromosome 18 indicating segmental interstitial uniparental isodisomy (UPD). Ultrastructural analysis of the explanted myocardium from a mutation carrier using transmission electron microscopy revealed a partially widening of the intercalated disc. Using qRT-PCR we demonstrated that DSC2 mRNA expression was substantially decreased in the explanted myocardial tissue of the homozygous carrier compared to controls. Western blot analysis revealed absence of both full-length desmocollin-2 isoforms. Only a weak expression of the truncated form of desmocollin-2 was detectable. Immunohistochemistry showed that the truncated form of desmocollin-2 did not localize at the intercalated discs. In vitro, transfection experiments using induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes and HT-1080 cells demonstrated an obvious absence of the mutant truncated desmocollin-2 at the plasma membrane. Immunoprecipitation in combination with fluorescence measurements and Western blot analyses revealed an abnormal secretion of the truncated desmocollin-2. CONCLUSION In summary, we unraveled segmental UPD as the likely genetic reason for a small homozygous DSC2 deletion. We conclude that a combination of nonsense mediated mRNA decay and extracellular secretion is involved in DSC2 related ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brodehl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Weiss
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Cellular Morphology, German Diabetes Center, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jana Davina Debus
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Caroline Stanasiuk
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Bärbel Klauke
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Marcus André Deutsch
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Henrik Fox
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Jördis Bax
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Hans Ebbinghaus
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Anna Gärtner
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Jens Tiesmeier
- Hospital Luebbecke-Rhaden, Muehlenkreis Hospitalsd, Medical-Campus OWL of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Virchowstr. 65, 32132 Luebbecke, Germany
| | - Thorsten Laser
- Center for Congenital Heart Defects, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peterschröder
- Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Brenda Gerull
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Gummert
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Lech Paluszkiewicz
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
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Restrictive Cardiomyopathy is Caused by a Novel Homozygous Desmin ( DES) Mutation p.Y122H Leading to a Severe Filament Assembly Defect. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110918. [PMID: 31718026 PMCID: PMC6896098 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a small Iranian family, where the index patient received a diagnosis of restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) in combination with atrioventricular (AV) block. Genetic analysis revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation in the DES gene (c.364T > C; p.Y122H), which is absent in human population databases. The mutation is localized in the highly conserved coil-1 desmin subdomain. In silico, prediction tools indicate a deleterious effect of the desmin (DES) mutation p.Y122H. Consequently, we generated an expression plasmid encoding the mutant and wildtype desmin formed, and analyzed the filament formation in vitro in cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells and HT-1080 cells. Confocal microscopy revealed a severe filament assembly defect of mutant desmin supporting the pathogenicity of the DES mutation, p.Y122H, whereas the wildtype desmin formed regular intermediate filaments. According to the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, we classified this mutation, therefore, as a novel pathogenic mutation. Our report could point to a recessive inheritance of the DES mutation, p.Y122H, which is important for the genetic counseling of similar families with restrictive cardiomyopathy caused by DES mutations.
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Brodehl A, Ebbinghaus H, Deutsch MA, Gummert J, Gärtner A, Ratnavadivel S, Milting H. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes as Models for Genetic Cardiomyopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184381. [PMID: 31489928 PMCID: PMC6770343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, many pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic mutations in over hundred different genes have been described for non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies. However, the functional knowledge about most of these mutations is still limited because the generation of adequate animal models is time-consuming and challenging. Therefore, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying specific cardiomyopathy-associated mutations are a promising alternative. Since the original discovery that pluripotency can be artificially induced by the expression of different transcription factors, various patient-specific-induced pluripotent stem cell lines have been generated to model non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies in vitro. In this review, we describe the genetic landscape of non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies and give an overview about different human iPSC lines, which have been developed for the disease modeling of inherited cardiomyopathies. We summarize different methods and protocols for the general differentiation of human iPSCs into cardiomyocytes. In addition, we describe methods and technologies to investigate functionally human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we summarize novel genome editing approaches for the genetic manipulation of human iPSCs. This review provides an overview about the genetic landscape of inherited cardiomyopathies with a focus on iPSC technology, which might be of interest for clinicians and basic scientists interested in genetic cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brodehl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Hans Ebbinghaus
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Marcus-André Deutsch
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Jan Gummert
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Anna Gärtner
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Sandra Ratnavadivel
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
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