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Singh R, Kundu P, Mishra VK, Singh BK, Bhattacharyya S, Das AK. Crystal structure of FadA2 thiolase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and prediction of its substrate specificity and membrane-anchoring properties. FEBS J 2023; 290:3997-4022. [PMID: 37026388 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of human death caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Mtb can enter into a long-lasting persistence where it can utilize fatty acids as the carbon source. Hence, fatty acid metabolism pathway enzymes are considered promising and pertinent mycobacterial drug targets. FadA2 (thiolase) is one of the enzymes involved in Mtb's fatty acid metabolism pathway. FadA2 deletion construct (ΔL136-S150) was designed to produce soluble protein. The crystal structure of FadA2 (ΔL136-S150) at 2.9 Å resolution was solved and analysed for membrane-anchoring region. The four catalytic residues of FadA2 are Cys99, His341, His390 and Cys427, and they belong to four loops with characteristic sequence motifs, i.e., CxT, HEAF, GHP and CxA. FadA2 is the only thiolase of Mtb which belongs to the CHH category containing the HEAF motif. Analysing the substrate-binding channel, it has been suggested that FadA2 is involved in the β-oxidation pathway, i.e., the degradative pathway, as the long-chain fatty acid can be accommodated in the channel. The catalysed reaction is favoured by the presence of two oxyanion holes, i.e., OAH1 and OAH2. OAH1 formation is unique in FadA2, formed by the NE2 of His390 present in the GHP motif and NE2 of His341 present in the HEAF motif, whereas OAH2 formation is similar to CNH category thiolase. Sequence and structural comparison with the human trifunctional enzyme (HsTFE-β) suggests the membrane-anchoring region in FadA2. Molecular dynamics simulations of FadA2 with a membrane containing POPE lipid were conducted to understand the role of a long insertion sequence of FadA2 in membrane anchoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashika Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Prasun Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | | | - Bina Kumari Singh
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Sudipta Bhattacharyya
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, India
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
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Deng T, Wu J, Abdel-Shafy H, Wang X, Lv H, Shaukat A, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Sun H, Wei P, Sun N, Huang Q, Xu L, Liu M, Lin Y, Yang L, Hua G. Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Thiolase Family and Functional Characterization of the Acetyl-Coenzyme A Acyltransferase-1 Gene for Milk Biosynthesis and Production of Buffalo and Cattle. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3325-3337. [PMID: 36780201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cattle and buffalo served as the first and second largest dairy animals, respectively, providing 96% milk products worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms underlying milk synthesis is critical to develop the technique to improve milk production. Thiolases, also known as acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferases (ACAT), are an enzyme family that plays vital roles in lipid metabolism, including ACAT1, ACAT2, ACAA1, ACAA2, and HADHB. Our present study showed that these five members were orthologous in six livestock species including buffalo and cattle. Transcriptomic data analyses derived from different lactations stages showed that ACAA1 displayed different expression patterns between buffalo and cattle. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that ACAA1 were dominantly located in the mammary epithelial cells of these two dairy animals. Knockdown of ACAA1 inhibited mammary epithelial cell proliferation and triglyceride and β-casein secretion by regulating related gene expressions in cattle and buffalo. In contrast, ACAA1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and triglyceride secretion. Finally, three novel SNPs (g.-681A>T, g.-23117C>T, and g.-24348G>T) were detected and showed significant association with milk production traits of Mediterranean buffaloes. In addition, g.-681A>T mutation located in the promoter region changed transcriptional activity significantly. Our findings suggested that ACAA1 play a key role in regulating buffalo and cattle milk synthesis and provided basic information to further understand the dairy animal lactation physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetic, Breeding and Reproduction, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Jiyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518038, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Hamdy Abdel-Shafy
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haimiao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aftab Shaukat
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518038, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qianzhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Linghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Miaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guohua Hua
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518038, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Identification of Six Thiolases and their Effects on Fatty Acid and Ergosterol Biosynthesis in Aspergillus oryzae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0237221. [PMID: 35138925 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02372-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiolase plays important roles in lipid metabolism. It can be divided into degradative thiolases (Thioase I) and biosynthetic thiolases (thiolases II), which are involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and acetoacetyl-CoA biosynthesis, respectively. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) genome harbors only one gene each for thioase I and thiolase II, namely, Pot1 and Erg10, respectively. In this study, six thiolases (named AoErg10A-AoErg10F) were identified in Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) genome using bioinformatics analysis. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) indicated that the expression of these six thiolases varied at different growth time and under different forms of abiotic stress. Subcellular localization analysis showed that AoErg10A was located in the cytoplasm, AoErg10B and AoErg10C in the mitochondria, and AoErg10D-AoErg10F in the peroxisome. Yeast heterologous complementation assays revealed that AoErg10A, AoErg10D, AoErg10E, AoErg10F and cytoplasmic AoErg10B (AoErg10BΔMTS) recovered the phenotypes of S. cerevisiae erg10 weak and lethal mutants, and that only AoErg10D-F recovered the phenotype of the pot1 mutant that cannot use oleic acid as the carbon source. Overexpression of AoErg10s either affected the growth speed or sporulation of the transgenic strains. In addition, the fatty acid and ergosterol content changed in all the AoErg10-overexpressing strains. This study revealed the function of six thiolases in A. oryzae and their effect on growth, and fatty acid and ergosterol biosynthesis, which may lay the foundation for genetic engineering for lipid metabolism in A. oryzae or other fungi. Importance Thiolase including thioase I and thiolase II, plays important roles in lipid metabolism. A. oryzae, one of the most industrially important filamentous fungi, has been widely used for manufacturing oriental fermented food such as sauce, miso, and sake for a long time. Besides, A. oryzae has a high capability in production of high lipid content and has been used for lipid production. Thus, it is very important to investigate the function of thiolases in A. oryzae. In this study, six thiolase (named AoErg10A-AoErg10F) were identified by bioinformatics analysis. Unlike other reported thiolases in fungi, three of the six thiolases showed dual function of thioase I and thiolase II in S. cerevisiae, indicating the lipid metabolism is more complex in A. oryzae. The reveal of function of these thiolases in A. oryzae can lay the foundation for genetic engineering for lipid metabolism in A. oryzae or other fungi.
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Liu L, Zhou S, Deng Y. The 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase: an engineered enzyme for carbon chain elongation of chemical compounds. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8117-8129. [PMID: 32830293 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10848-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Because of their function of catalyzing the rearrangement of the carbon chains, thiolases have attracted increasing attentions over the past decades. The 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (KAT) is a member of the thiolase, which is capable of catalyzing the Claisen condensation reaction between the two acyl-CoAs, thereby achieving carbon chain elongation. In this way, diverse value-added compounds might be synthesized starting from simple small CoA thioesters. However, most KATs are hampered by low stability and poor substrate specificity, which has hindered the development of large-scale biosynthesis. In this review, the common characteristics in the three-dimensional structure of KATs from different sources are summarized. Moreover, structure-guided rational engineering is discussed as a strategy for enhancing the performance of KATs. Finally, we reviewed the metabolic engineering applications of KATs for producing various energy-storage molecules, such as n-butanol, fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids, and polyhydroxyalkanoates. KEY POINTS: • Summarize the structural characteristics and catalyzation mechanisms of KATs. • Review on the rational engineering to enhance the performance of KATs. • Discuss the applications of KATs for producing energy-storage molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghu Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology (NELCF), Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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