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Suladze S, Sustay Martinez C, Rodriguez Camargo DC, Engler J, Rodina N, Sarkar R, Zacharias M, Reif B. Structural Insights into Seeding Mechanisms of hIAPP Fibril Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13783-13796. [PMID: 38723619 PMCID: PMC11117405 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The deposition of islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) fibrils is a hallmark of β-cell death in type II diabetes. In this study, we employ state-of-the-art MAS solid-state spectroscopy to investigate the previously elusive N-terminal region of hIAPP fibrils, uncovering both rigidity and heterogeneity. Comparative analysis between wild-type hIAPP and a disulfide-deficient variant (hIAPPC2S,C7S) unveils shared fibril core structures yet strikingly distinct dynamics in the N-terminus. Specifically, the variant fibrils exhibit extended β-strand conformations, facilitating surface nucleation. Moreover, our findings illuminate the pivotal roles of specific residues in modulating secondary nucleation rates. These results deepen our understanding of hIAPP fibril assembly and provide critical insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning type II diabetes, holding promise for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Suladze
- Bayerisches
NMR Zentrum (BNMRZ) at the Department of Biosciences, School of Natural
Sciences, Technische Universität
München, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
München (HMGU), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit
und Umwelt, Institute of Structural Biology
(STB), Ingolstädter
Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Sustay Martinez
- Center
for
Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität
München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße
8, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Diana C. Rodriguez Camargo
- Bayerisches
NMR Zentrum (BNMRZ) at the Department of Biosciences, School of Natural
Sciences, Technische Universität
München, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
München (HMGU), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit
und Umwelt, Institute of Structural Biology
(STB), Ingolstädter
Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Engler
- Bayerisches
NMR Zentrum (BNMRZ) at the Department of Biosciences, School of Natural
Sciences, Technische Universität
München, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
München (HMGU), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit
und Umwelt, Institute of Structural Biology
(STB), Ingolstädter
Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Rodina
- Bayerisches
NMR Zentrum (BNMRZ) at the Department of Biosciences, School of Natural
Sciences, Technische Universität
München, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
München (HMGU), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit
und Umwelt, Institute of Structural Biology
(STB), Ingolstädter
Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Riddhiman Sarkar
- Bayerisches
NMR Zentrum (BNMRZ) at the Department of Biosciences, School of Natural
Sciences, Technische Universität
München, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
München (HMGU), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit
und Umwelt, Institute of Structural Biology
(STB), Ingolstädter
Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Center
for
Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität
München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße
8, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernd Reif
- Bayerisches
NMR Zentrum (BNMRZ) at the Department of Biosciences, School of Natural
Sciences, Technische Universität
München, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
München (HMGU), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit
und Umwelt, Institute of Structural Biology
(STB), Ingolstädter
Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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van der Wel PC. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance in the structural study of polyglutamine aggregation. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:719-731. [PMID: 38563485 PMCID: PMC11088915 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The aggregation of proteins into amyloid-like fibrils is seen in many neurodegenerative diseases. Recent years have seen much progress in our understanding of these misfolded protein inclusions, thanks to advances in techniques such as solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). However, multiple repeat-expansion-related disorders have presented special challenges to structural elucidation. This review discusses the special role of ssNMR analysis in the study of protein aggregates associated with CAG repeat expansion disorders. In these diseases, the misfolding and aggregation affect mutant proteins with expanded polyglutamine segments. The most common disorder, Huntington's disease (HD), is connected to the mutation of the huntingtin protein. Since the discovery of the genetic causes for HD in the 1990s, steady progress in our understanding of the role of protein aggregation has depended on the integrative and interdisciplinary use of multiple types of structural techniques. The heterogeneous and dynamic features of polyQ protein fibrils, and in particular those formed by huntingtin N-terminal fragments, have made these aggregates into challenging targets for structural analysis. ssNMR has offered unique insights into many aspects of these amyloid-like aggregates. These include the atomic-level structure of the polyglutamine core, but also measurements of dynamics and solvent accessibility of the non-core flanking domains of these fibrils' fuzzy coats. The obtained structural insights shed new light on pathogenic mechanisms behind this and other protein misfolding diseases.
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Makeeva VS, Dyrkheeva NS, Lavrik OI, Zakian SM, Malakhova AA. Mutant-Huntingtin Molecular Pathways Elucidate New Targets for Drug Repurposing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16798. [PMID: 38069121 PMCID: PMC10706709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases known today is quite extensive. The complexities of their research and treatment lie not only in their diversity. Even many years of struggle and narrowly focused research on common pathologies such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other brain diseases have not brought cures for these illnesses. What can be said about orphan diseases? In particular, Huntington's disease (HD), despite affecting a smaller part of the human population, still attracts many researchers. This disorder is known to result from a mutation in the HTT gene, but having this information still does not simplify the task of drug development and studying the mechanisms of disease progression. Nonetheless, the data accumulated over the years and their analysis provide a good basis for further research. Here, we review studies devoted to understanding the mechanisms of HD. We analyze genes and molecular pathways involved in HD pathogenesis to describe the action of repurposed drugs and try to find new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladlena S. Makeeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.S.M.); (S.M.Z.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Nadezhda S. Dyrkheeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Olga I. Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Suren M. Zakian
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.S.M.); (S.M.Z.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Anastasia A. Malakhova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.S.M.); (S.M.Z.); (A.A.M.)
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