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Shi J, Deng C, Zhang C, Quan S, Fan L, Zhao L. Combinatorial metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for de novo production of structurally defined and homogeneous Amino oligosaccharides. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 9:713-722. [PMID: 38868610 PMCID: PMC11167392 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Amino oligosaccharides (AOs) possess various biological activities and are valuable in the pharmaceutical, food industries, and agriculture. However, the industrial manufacturing of AOs has not been realized yet, despite reports on physical, chemical, and biological approaches. In this study, the de novo production of chitin oligosaccharides (CHOS), a type of structurally defined AOs, was achieved in Escherichia coli through combinatorial pathway engineering. The most suitable glycosyltransferase for CHOS production was found to be NodCL from Mesorhizobium Loti. Then, by knocking out the nagB gene to block the flow of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG) to the glycolytic pathway in E. coli and adjusting the copy number of NodCL-coding gene, the CHOS yield was increased by 6.56 times. Subsequently, by introducing of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) salvage pathway for and optimizing fermentation conditions, the yield of CHOS reached 207.1 and 468.6 mg/L in shake-flask cultivation and a 5-L fed-batch bioreactor, respectively. Meanwhile, the concentration of UDP-GlcNAc was 91.0 mg/L, the highest level reported in E. coli so far. This study demonstrated, for the first time, the production of CHOS with distinct structures in plasmid-free E. coli, laying the groundwork for the biosynthesis of CHOS and providing a starting point for further engineering and commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chen Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chunyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shu Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Organ Transplant Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai, 200237, China
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Paliya BS, Sharma VK, Tuohy MG, Singh HB, Koffas M, Benhida R, Tiwari BK, Kalaskar DM, Singh BN, Gupta VK. Bacterial glycobiotechnology: A biosynthetic route for the production of biopharmaceutical glycans. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108180. [PMID: 37236328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The recent advancement in the human glycome and progress in the development of an inclusive network of glycosylation pathways allow the incorporation of suitable machinery for protein modification in non-natural hosts and explore novel opportunities for constructing next-generation tailored glycans and glycoconjugates. Fortunately, the emerging field of bacterial metabolic engineering has enabled the production of tailored biopolymers by harnessing living microbial factories (prokaryotes) as whole-cell biocatalysts. Microbial catalysts offer sophisticated means to develop a variety of valuable polysaccharides in bulk quantities for practical clinical applications. Glycans production through this technique is highly efficient and cost-effective, as it does not involve expensive initial materials. Metabolic glycoengineering primarily focuses on utilizing small metabolite molecules to alter biosynthetic pathways, optimization of cellular processes for glycan and glycoconjugate production, characteristic to a specific organism to produce interest tailored glycans in microbes, using preferably cheap and simple substrate. However, metabolic engineering faces one of the unique challenges, such as the need for an enzyme to catalyze desired substrate conversion when natural native substrates are already present. So, in metabolic engineering, such challenges are evaluated, and different strategies have been developed to overcome them. The generation of glycans and glycoconjugates via metabolic intermediate pathways can still be supported by glycol modeling achieved through metabolic engineering. It is evident that modern glycans engineering requires adoption of improved strain engineering strategies for creating competent glycoprotein expression platforms in bacterial hosts, in the future. These strategies include logically designing and introducing orthogonal glycosylation pathways, identifying metabolic engineering targets at the genome level, and strategically improving pathway performance (for example, through genetic modification of pathway enzymes). Here, we highlight current strategies, applications, and recent progress in metabolic engineering for producing high-value tailored glycans and their applications in biotherapeutics and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balwant S Paliya
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Vivek K Sharma
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Maria G Tuohy
- Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, College of Science & Engineering, University of Galway (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe), University Road, Galway City, Ireland
| | - Harikesh B Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mattheos Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR7272, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; Mohamed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
| | | | - Deepak M Kalaskar
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Brahma N Singh
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, SRUC, Barony Campus, Parkgate, Dumfries DG1 3NE, United Kingdom.
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Rousseau A, Michaud J, Pradeau S, Armand S, Cottaz S, Richard E, Fort S. Hijacking the Peptidoglycan Recycling Pathway of Escherichia coli to Produce Muropeptides. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202991. [PMID: 36256497 PMCID: PMC10107939 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Soluble fragments of peptidoglycan called muropeptides are released from the cell wall of bacteria as part of their metabolism or as a result of biological stresses. These compounds trigger immune responses in mammals and plants. In bacteria, they play a major role in the induction of antibiotic resistance. The development of efficient methods to produce muropeptides is, therefore, desirable both to address their mechanism of action and to design new antibacterial and immunostimulant agents. Herein, we engineered the peptidoglycan recycling pathway of Escherichia coli to produce N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminyl-(1→4)-1,6-anhydro-N-acetyl-β-D-muramic acid (GlcNAc-anhMurNAc), a common precursor of Gram-negative and Gram-positive muropeptides. Inactivation of the hexosaminidase nagZ gene allowed the efficient production of this key disaccharide, providing access to Gram-positive muropeptides through subsequent chemical peptide conjugation. E. coli strains deficient in both NagZ hexosaminidase and amidase activities further enabled the in vivo production of Gram-negative muropeptides containing meso-diaminopimelic acid, a rarely available amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Michaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sylvie Armand
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvain Cottaz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sébastien Fort
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
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4
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Improving Polysaccharide-Based Chitin/Chitosan-Aerogel Materials by Learning from Genetics and Molecular Biology. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031041. [PMID: 35160985 PMCID: PMC8839503 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Improved wound healing of burnt skin and skin lesions, as well as medical implants and replacement products, requires the support of synthetical matrices. Yet, producing synthetic biocompatible matrices that exhibit specialized flexibility, stability, and biodegradability is challenging. Synthetic chitin/chitosan matrices may provide the desired advantages for producing specialized grafts but must be modified to improve their properties. Synthetic chitin/chitosan hydrogel and aerogel techniques provide the advantages for improvement with a bioinspired view adapted from the natural molecular toolbox. To this end, animal genetics provide deep knowledge into which molecular key factors decisively influence the properties of natural chitin matrices. The genetically identified proteins and enzymes control chitin matrix assembly, architecture, and degradation. Combining synthetic chitin matrices with critical biological factors may point to the future direction with engineering materials of specific properties for biomedical applications such as burned skin or skin blistering and extensive lesions due to genetic diseases.
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Cord-Landwehr S, Moerschbacher BM. Deciphering the ChitoCode: fungal chitins and chitosans as functional biopolymers. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2021; 8:19. [PMID: 34893090 PMCID: PMC8665597 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-021-00127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitins and chitosans are among the most widespread and versatile functional biopolymers, with interesting biological activities and superior material properties. While chitins are evolutionary ancient and present in many eukaryotes except for higher plants and mammals, the natural distribution of chitosans, i.e. extensively deacetylated derivatives of chitin, is more limited. Unequivocal evidence for its presence is only available for fungi where chitosans are produced from chitin by the action of chitin deacetylases. However, neither the structural details such as fraction and pattern of acetylation nor the physiological roles of natural chitosans are known at present. We hypothesise that the chitin deacetylases are generating chitins and chitosans with specific acetylation patterns and that these provide information for the interaction with specific chitin- and chitosan-binding proteins. These may be structural proteins involved in the assembly of the complex chitin- and chitosan-containing matrices such as fungal cell walls and insect cuticles, chitin- and chitosan-modifying and -degrading enzymes such as chitin deacetylases, chitinases, and chitosanases, but also chitin- and chitosan-recognising receptors of the innate immune systems of plants, animals, and humans. The acetylation pattern, thus, may constitute a kind of 'ChitoCode', and we are convinced that new in silico, in vitro, and in situ analytical tools as well as new synthetic methods of enzyme biotechnology and organic synthesis are currently offering an unprecedented opportunity to decipher this code. We anticipate a deeper understanding of the biology of chitin- and chitosan-containing matrices, including their synthesis, assembly, mineralisation, degradation, and perception. This in turn will improve chitin and chitosan biotechnology and the development of reliable chitin- and chitosan-based products and applications, e.g. in medicine and agriculture, food and feed sciences, as well as cosmetics and material sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Cord-Landwehr
- Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Bruno M Moerschbacher
- Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany.
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Preparation of Defined Chitosan Oligosaccharides Using Chitin Deacetylases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217835. [PMID: 33105791 PMCID: PMC7660110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, detailed studies using well-defined 'second generation' chitosans have amply proved that both their material properties and their biological activities are dependent on their molecular structure, in particular on their degree of polymerisation (DP) and their fraction of acetylation (FA). Recent evidence suggests that the pattern of acetylation (PA), i.e., the sequence of acetylated and non-acetylated residues along the linear polymer, is equally important, but chitosan polymers with defined, non-random PA are not yet available. One way in which the PA will influence the bioactivities of chitosan polymers is their enzymatic degradation by sequence-dependent chitosan hydrolases present in the target tissues. The PA of the polymer substrates in conjunction with the subsite preferences of the hydrolases determine the type of oligomeric products and the kinetics of their production and further degradation. Thus, the bioactivities of chitosan polymers will at least in part be carried by the chitosan oligomers produced from them, possibly through their interaction with pattern recognition receptors in target cells. In contrast to polymers, partially acetylated chitosan oligosaccharides (paCOS) can be fully characterised concerning their DP, FA, and PA, and chitin deacetylases (CDAs) with different and known regio-selectivities are currently emerging as efficient tools to produce fully defined paCOS in quantities sufficient to probe their bioactivities. In this review, we describe the current state of the art on how CDAs can be used in forward and reverse mode to produce all of the possible paCOS dimers, trimers, and tetramers, most of the pentamers and many of the hexamers. In addition, we describe the biotechnological production of the required fully acetylated and fully deacetylated oligomer substrates, as well as the purification and characterisation of the paCOS products.
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7
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Coussement P, Bauwens D, Peters G, Maertens J, De Mey M. Mapping and refactoring pathway control through metabolic and protein engineering: The hexosamine biosynthesis pathway. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Metabolic engineering for the production of chitooligosaccharides: advances and perspectives. Emerg Top Life Sci 2018; 2:377-388. [DOI: 10.1042/etls20180009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chitin oligosaccharides (CTOs) and its related compounds chitosan oligosaccharides (CSOs), collectively known as chitooligosaccharides (COs), exhibit numerous biological activities in applications in the nutraceutical, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries. COs are currently produced by acid hydrolysis of chitin or chitosan, or enzymatic techniques with uncontrollable polymerization. Microbial fermentation by recombinant Escherichia coli, as an alternative method for the production of COs, shows new potential because it can produce a well-defined COs mixture and is an environmentally friendly process. In addition, Bacillus subtilis, a nonpathogenic, endotoxin-free, GRAS status bacterium, presents a new opportunity as a platform to produce COs. Here, we review the applications of COs and differences between CTOs and CSOs, summarize the current preparation approaches of COs, and discuss the future research potentials and challenges in the production of well-defined COs in B. subtilis by metabolic engineering.
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Anderson LA, Islam MA, Prather KLJ. Synthetic biology strategies for improving microbial synthesis of "green" biopolymers. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5053-5061. [PMID: 29339554 PMCID: PMC5892568 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.tm117.000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide-based biopolymers have many material properties relevant to industrial and medical uses, including as drug delivery agents, wound-healing adhesives, and food additives and stabilizers. Traditionally, polysaccharides are obtained from natural sources. Microbial synthesis offers an attractive alternative for sustainable production of tailored biopolymers. Here, we review synthetic biology strategies for select "green" biopolymers: cellulose, alginate, chitin, chitosan, and hyaluronan. Microbial production pathways, opportunities for pathway yield improvements, and advances in microbial engineering of biopolymers in various hosts are discussed. Taken together, microbial engineering has expanded the repertoire of green biological chemistry by increasing the diversity of biobased materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Anderson
- From the Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Integrative Synthetic Biology (CISB), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - M Ahsanul Islam
- From the Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Integrative Synthetic Biology (CISB), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Kristala L J Prather
- From the Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Integrative Synthetic Biology (CISB), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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10
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Chitin Deacetylases: Structures, Specificities, and Biotech Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10040352. [PMID: 30966387 PMCID: PMC6415152 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Depolymerization and de-N-acetylation of chitin by chitinases and deacetylases generates a series of derivatives including chitosans and chitooligosaccharides (COS), which are involved in molecular recognition events such as modulation of cell signaling and morphogenesis, immune responses, and host-pathogen interactions. Chitosans and COS are also attractive scaffolds for the development of bionanomaterials for drug/gene delivery and tissue engineering applications. Most of the biological activities associated with COS seem to be largely dependent not only on the degree of polymerization but also on the acetylation pattern, which defines the charge density and distribution of GlcNAc and GlcNH₂ moieties in chitosans and COS. Chitin de-N-acetylases (CDAs) catalyze the hydrolysis of the acetamido group in GlcNAc residues of chitin, chitosan, and COS. The deacetylation patterns are diverse, some CDAs being specific for single positions, others showing multiple attack, processivity or random actions. This review summarizes the current knowledge on substrate specificity of bacterial and fungal CDAs, focusing on the structural and molecular aspects of their modes of action. Understanding the structural determinants of specificity will not only contribute to unravelling structure-function relationships, but also to use and engineer CDAs as biocatalysts for the production of tailor-made chitosans and COS for a growing number of applications.
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Yang S, Fu X, Yan Q, Guo Y, Liu Z, Jiang Z. Cloning, expression, purification and application of a novel chitinase from a thermophilic marine bacterium Paenibacillus barengoltzii. Food Chem 2016; 192:1041-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Metabolic engineering for amino-, oligo-, and polysugar production in microbes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:2523-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Naqvi S, Moerschbacher BM. The cell factory approach toward biotechnological production of high-value chitosan oligomers and their derivatives: an update. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 37:11-25. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1104289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Djordjevic MA, Bezos A, Susanti, Marmuse L, Driguez H, Samain E, Vauzeilles B, Beau JM, Kordbacheh F, Rolfe BG, Schwörer R, Daines AM, Gresshoff PM, Parish CR. Lipo-chitin oligosaccharides, plant symbiosis signalling molecules that modulate mammalian angiogenesis in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112635. [PMID: 25536397 PMCID: PMC4275186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipochitin oligosaccharides (LCOs) are signaling molecules required by ecologically and agronomically important bacteria and fungi to establish symbioses with diverse land plants. In plants, oligo-chitins and LCOs can differentially interact with different lysin motif (LysM) receptors and affect innate immunity responses or symbiosis-related pathways. In animals, oligo-chitins also induce innate immunity and other physiological responses but LCO recognition has not been demonstrated. Here LCO and LCO-like compounds are shown to be biologically active in mammals in a structure dependent way through the modulation of angiogenesis, a tightly-regulated process involving the induction and growth of new blood vessels from existing vessels. The testing of 24 LCO, LCO-like or oligo-chitin compounds resulted in structure-dependent effects on angiogenesis in vitro leading to promotion, or inhibition or nil effects. Like plants, the mammalian LCO biological activity depended upon the presence and type of terminal substitutions. Un-substituted oligo-chitins of similar chain lengths were unable to modulate angiogenesis indicating that mammalian cells, like plant cells, can distinguish between LCOs and un-substituted oligo-chitins. The cellular mode-of-action of the biologically active LCOs in mammals was determined. The stimulation or inhibition of endothelial cell adhesion to vitronectin or fibronectin correlated with their pro- or anti-angiogenic activity. Importantly, novel and more easily synthesised LCO-like disaccharide molecules were also biologically active and de-acetylated chitobiose was shown to be the primary structural basis of recognition. Given this, simpler chitin disaccharides derivatives based on the structure of biologically active LCOs were synthesised and purified and these showed biological activity in mammalian cells. Since important chronic disease states are linked to either insufficient or excessive angiogenesis, LCO and LCO-like molecules may have the potential to be a new, carbohydrate-based class of therapeutics for modulating angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Djordjevic
- Research School of Biology, Plant Science Division, College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Anna Bezos
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Susanti
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Laurence Marmuse
- University Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, Grenoble, France CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble, France
| | - Hugues Driguez
- University Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, Grenoble, France CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Samain
- University Grenoble Alpes, CERMAV, Grenoble, France CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble, France
| | - Boris Vauzeilles
- University Paris Sud, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay, Orsay, France, and Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles du CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Marie Beau
- University Paris Sud, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay, Orsay, France, and Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles du CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Farzaneh Kordbacheh
- Research School of Biology, Plant Science Division, College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Barry G. Rolfe
- Research School of Biology, Plant Science Division, College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ralf Schwörer
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alison M. Daines
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Peter M. Gresshoff
- The Centre for Integrative Legume Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher R. Parish
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Biology and the Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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16
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Das SN, Madhuprakash J, Sarma PVSRN, Purushotham P, Suma K, Manjeet K, Rambabu S, Gueddari NEE, Moerschbacher BM, Podile AR. Biotechnological approaches for field applications of chitooligosaccharides (COS) to induce innate immunity in plants. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 35:29-43. [PMID: 24020506 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.798255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Plants have evolved mechanisms to recognize a wide range of pathogen-derived molecules and to express induced resistance against pathogen attack. Exploitation of induced resistance, by application of novel bioactive elicitors, is an attractive alternative for crop protection. Chitooligosaccharide (COS) elicitors, released during plant fungal interactions, induce plant defenses upon recognition. Detailed analyses of structure/function relationships of bioactive chitosans as well as recent progress towards understanding the mechanism of COS sensing in plants through the identification and characterization of their cognate receptors have generated fresh impetus for approaches that would induce innate immunity in plants. These progresses combined with the application of chitin/chitosan/COS in disease management are reviewed here. In considering the field application of COS, however, efficient and large-scale production of desired COS is a challenging task. The available methods, including chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis and chemical or biotechnological synthesis to produce COS, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Narayan Das
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India and
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Merritt JH, Ollis AA, Fisher AC, DeLisa MP. Glycans-by-design: Engineering bacteria for the biosynthesis of complex glycans and glycoconjugates. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:1550-64. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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18
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Guerry A, Bernard J, Samain E, Fleury E, Cottaz S, Halila S. Aniline-Catalyzed Reductive Amination as a Powerful Method for the Preparation of Reducing End-“Clickable” Chitooligosaccharides. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:544-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bc3003716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Guerry
- Centre de Recherches sur les
Macromolécules Végétales, CERMAV-CNRS (Affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier, member of the
Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble and of the PolyNat
Carnot Institute), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Julien Bernard
- Ingénierie des Matériaux
Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223, INSA de
Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Eric Samain
- Centre de Recherches sur les
Macromolécules Végétales, CERMAV-CNRS (Affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier, member of the
Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble and of the PolyNat
Carnot Institute), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Etienne Fleury
- Ingénierie des Matériaux
Polymères, CNRS UMR 5223, INSA de
Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvain Cottaz
- Centre de Recherches sur les
Macromolécules Végétales, CERMAV-CNRS (Affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier, member of the
Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble and of the PolyNat
Carnot Institute), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Sami Halila
- Centre de Recherches sur les
Macromolécules Végétales, CERMAV-CNRS (Affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier, member of the
Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble and of the PolyNat
Carnot Institute), BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
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Halila S, Samain E, Vorgias CE, Armand S. A straightforward access to TMG-chitooligomycins and their evaluation as β-N-acetylhexosaminidase inhibitors. Carbohydr Res 2013; 368:52-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Martinez EA, Boer H, Koivula A, Samain E, Driguez H, Armand S, Cottaz S. Engineering chitinases for the synthesis of chitin oligosaccharides: Catalytic amino acid mutations convert the GH-18 family glycoside hydrolases into transglycosylases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Yavuz E, Maffioli C, Ilg K, Aebi M, Priem B. Glycomimicry: display of fucosylation on the lipo-oligosaccharide of recombinant Escherichia coli K12. Glycoconj J 2011; 28:39-47. [PMID: 21286806 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-010-9322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We recently described the design of Escherichia coli K12 and Salmonella enterica sv Typhimurium to display the gangliomannoside 3 (GM3) antigen on the cell surface. We report here the fucosylation of modified lipooligosaccharide in a recombinant E.coli strain with a truncated lipid A core due to deletion of the core glycosyltransferases genes waaO and waaB. This truncated structure was used as a scaffold to assemble the Lewis Y motif by consequent action of the heterologously expressed β-1,4 galactosyltransferase LgtE (Neisseria gonorrheae), the β-1,3 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase LgtA and the β-1,3 galactosyltransferase LgtB from Neisseria meningitidis, as well as the α-1,2 and α-1,3 fucosyltransferases FutC and FutA from Helicobacter pylori. We show the display of the Lewis Y structure by immunological and chemical analysis.
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Khoushab F, Yamabhai M. Chitin research revisited. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:1988-2012. [PMID: 20714419 PMCID: PMC2920538 DOI: 10.3390/md8071988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two centuries after the discovery of chitin, it is widely accepted that this biopolymer is an important biomaterial in many aspects. Numerous studies on chitin have focused on its biomedical applications. In this review, various aspects of chitin research including sources, structure, biosynthesis, chitinolytic enzyme, chitin binding protein, genetic engineering approach to produce chitin, chitin and evolution, and a wide range of applications in bio- and nanotechnology will be dealt with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feisal Khoushab
- School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand; E-Mail:
| | - Montarop Yamabhai
- School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand; E-Mail:
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Zhang D, Wang PG, Qi Q. A two-step fermentation process for efficient production of penta-N-acetyl-chitopentaose in recombinant Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 29:1729-33. [PMID: 17710376 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-007-9462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The nodC gene from Mesorhizobium loti was cloned into E. coli, leading to production of chitin oligosaccharides (COs)-mainly penta-N-acetyl-chitopentaose. A two-step fermentation procedure was then developed which gave 930 mg CO/L with a productivity of 37 mg/l.h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Life Science School, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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Blanchard S, Armand S, Couthino P, Patkar S, Vind J, Samain E, Driguez H, Cottaz S. Unexpected regioselectivity of Humicola insolens Cel7B glycosynthase mutants. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:710-6. [PMID: 17224137 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Revised: 11/24/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Four Humicola insolens Cel7B glycoside hydrolase mutants have been evaluated for the coupling of lactosyl fluoride on O-allyl N(I)-acetyl-2(II)-azido-beta-chitobioside. Double mutants Cel7B E197A H209A and Cel7B E197A H209G preferentially catalyze the formation of a beta-(1-->4) linkage between the two disaccharides, while single mutant Cel7B E197A and triple mutant Cel7B E197A H209A A211T produce predominantly the beta-(1-->3)-linked tetrasaccharide. This result constitutes the first report of the modulation of the regioselectivity through site-directed mutagenesis for an endoglycosynthase.
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Blanchard S, Cottaz S, Coutinho PM, Patkar S, Vind J, Boer H, Koivula A, Driguez H, Armand S. Mutation of fungal endoglucanases into glycosynthases and characterization of their acceptor substrate specificity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ruffing A, Chen RR. Metabolic engineering of microbes for oligosaccharide and polysaccharide synthesis. Microb Cell Fact 2006; 5:25. [PMID: 16859553 PMCID: PMC1544344 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-5-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2005] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic engineering has recently been embraced as an effective tool for developing whole-cell biocatalysts for oligosaccharide and polysaccharide synthesis. Microbial catalysts now provide a practical means to derive many valuable oligosaccharides, previously inaccessible through other methods, in sufficient quantities to support research and clinical applications. The synthesis process based upon these microbes is scalable as it avoids expensive starting materials. Most impressive is the high product concentrations (up to 188 g/L) achieved through microbe-catalyzed synthesis. The overall cost for selected molecules has been brought to a reasonable range (estimated $ 30–50/g). Microbial synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides is a carbon-intensive and energy-intensive process, presenting some unique challenges in metabolic engineering. Unlike nicotinamide cofactors, the required sugar nucleotides are products of multiple interacting pathways, adding significant complexity to the metabolic engineering effort. Besides the challenge of providing the necessary mammalian-originated glycosyltransferases in active form, an adequate uptake of sugar acceptors can be an issue when another sugar is necessary as a carbon and energy source. These challenges are analyzed, and various strategies used to overcome these difficulties are reviewed in this article. Despite the impressive success of the microbial coupling strategy, there is a need to develop a single strain that can achieve at least the same efficiency. Host selection and the manner with which the synthesis interacts with the central metabolism are two important factors in the design of microbial catalysts. Additionally, unlike in vitro enzymatic synthesis, product degradation and byproduct formation are challenges of whole-cell systems that require additional engineering. A systematic approach that accounts for various and often conflicting requirements of the synthesis holds the key to deriving an efficient catalyst. Metabolic engineering strategies applied to selected polysaccharides (hyaluronan, alginate, and exopolysaccharides for food use) are reviewed in this article to highlight the recent progress in this area and similarity to challenges in oligosaccharide synthesis. Many naturally occurring microbes possess highly efficient mechanisms for polysaccharide synthesis. These mechanisms could potentially be engineered into a microbe for oligosaccharide and polysaccharide synthesis with enhanced efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ruffing
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332-0100, USA
| | - Rachel Ruizhen Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332-0100, USA
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Dumon C, Bosso C, Utille JP, Heyraud A, Samain E. Production of Lewis x Tetrasaccharides by Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli. Chembiochem 2005; 7:359-65. [PMID: 16381046 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200500293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two tetrasaccharides carrying the trisaccharidic Lewis x motif on a GlcNAc or a Gal residue were produced on the gram-scale by high-cell-density cultures of metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strains that overexpressed the Helicobacter pylori futA gene for alpha-3 fucosyltransferase and the Neisseria meningitidis lgtB gene for beta-4 galactosyltransferase. The first compound Galbeta-4(Fucalpha-3)GlcNAcbeta-4GlcNAc was produced by glycosylation of chitinbiose, which was endogenously generated in the bacterial cytoplasm by the successive action of the rhizobial chitin-synthase NodC and the Bacillus circulans chitinase A1, whose genes were additionally expressed in the E. coli strain. The second compound, Galbeta-4(Fucalpha-3)GlcNAcbeta-3Gal, was produced from exogenously added Gal by a strain that was deficient in galactokinase activity and overexpressed the additional N. meningitidis lgtA gene for beta-3 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Dumon
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales, ICMG, FR CNRS-UJF 2607, B P 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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