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Sánchez-Hidalgo M, García MJ, González I, Oves-Costales D, Genilloud O. Complete Genome Sequence Analysis of Kribbella sp. CA-293567 and Identification of the Kribbellichelins A & B and Sandramycin Biosynthetic Gene Clusters. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020265. [PMID: 36838228 PMCID: PMC9962454 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Minor genera actinomycetes are considered a promising source of new secondary metabolites. The strain Kribbella sp. CA-293567 produces sandramycin and kribbellichelins A & B In this work, we describe the complete genome sequencing of this strain and the in silico identification of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), focusing on the pathways encoding sandramycin and kribbellichelins A-B. We also present a comparative analysis of the biosynthetic potential of 38 publicly available genomes from Kribbella strains.
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Sharma V, Kaur R, Salwan R. Streptomyces: host for refactoring of diverse bioactive secondary metabolites. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:340. [PMID: 34221811 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02872-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial secondary metabolites are intensively explored due to their demands in pharmaceutical, agricultural and food industries. Streptomyces are one of the largest sources of secondary metabolites having diverse applications. In particular, the abundance of secondary metabolites encoding biosynthetic gene clusters and presence of wobble position in Streptomyces strains make it potential candidate as a native or heterologous host for secondary metabolite production including several cryptic gene clusters expression. Here, we have discussed the developments in Streptomyces strains genome mining, its exploration as a suitable host and application of synthetic biology for refactoring genetic systems for developing chassis for enhanced as well as novel secondary metabolites with reduced genome and cleaned background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sharma
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413 India
| | - Randhir Kaur
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413 India
| | - Richa Salwan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh 177001 India
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McErlean M, Liu X, Cui Z, Gust B, Van Lanen SG. Identification and characterization of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1362-1407. [PMID: 33404015 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00064g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to September 2020 Hundreds of nucleoside-based natural products have been isolated from various microorganisms, several of which have been utilized in agriculture as pesticides and herbicides, in medicine as therapeutics for cancer and infectious disease, and as molecular probes to study biological processes. Natural products consisting of structural modifications of each of the canonical nucleosides have been discovered, ranging from simple modifications such as single-step alkylations or acylations to highly elaborate modifications that dramatically alter the nucleoside scaffold and require multiple enzyme-catalyzed reactions. A vast amount of genomic information has been uncovered the past two decades, which has subsequently allowed the first opportunity to interrogate the chemically intriguing enzymatic transformations for the latter type of modifications. This review highlights (i) the discovery and potential applications of structurally complex pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics for which genetic information is known, (ii) the established reactions that convert the canonical pyrimidine into a new nucleoside scaffold, and (iii) the important tailoring reactions that impart further structural complexity to these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McErlean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, USA.
| | - X Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, USA.
| | - Z Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, USA.
| | - B Gust
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - S G Van Lanen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, USA.
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Niu G, Zheng J, Tan H. Biosynthesis and combinatorial biosynthesis of antifungal nucleoside antibiotics. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:939-947. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Natural and engineered biosynthesis of nucleoside antibiotics in Actinomycetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:401-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Nucleoside antibiotics constitute an important family of microbial natural products bearing diverse bioactivities and unusual structural features. Their biosynthetic logics are unique with involvement of complex multi-enzymatic reactions leading to the intricate molecules from simple building blocks. Understanding how nature builds this family of antibiotics in post-genomic era sets the stage for rational enhancement of their production, and also paves the way for targeted persuasion of the cell factories to make artificial designer nucleoside drugs and leads via synthetic biology approaches. In this review, we discuss the recent progress and perspectives on the natural and engineered biosynthesis of nucleoside antibiotics.
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Feng C, Ling H, Du D, Zhang J, Niu G, Tan H. Novel nikkomycin analogues generated by mutasynthesis in Streptomyces ansochromogenes. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:59. [PMID: 24751325 PMCID: PMC4021061 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-13-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nikkomycins are competitive inhibitors of chitin synthase and inhibit the growth of filamentous fungi, insects, acarids and yeasts. The gene cluster responsible for biosynthesis of nikkomycins has been cloned and the biosynthetic pathway was elucidated at the genetic, enzymatic and regulatory levels. Results Streptomyces ansochromogenes ΔsanL was constructed by homologous recombination and the mutant strain was fed with benzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, nicotinic acid and isonicotinic acid. Two novel nikkomycin analogues were produced when cultures were supplemented with nicotinic acid. These two compounds were identified as nikkomycin Px and Pz by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Bioassays against Candida albicans and Alternaria longipes showed that nikkomycin Px and Pz exhibited comparatively strong inhibitory activity as nikkomycin X and Z produced by Streptomyces ansochromogenes 7100 (wild-type strain). Moreover, nikkomycin Px and Pz were found to be more stable than nikkomycin X and Z at different pH and temperature conditions. Conclusions Two novel nikkomycin analogues (nikkomycin Px and Pz) were generated by mutasynthesis with the sanL inactivated mutant of Streptomyces ansochromogenes 7100. Although antifungal activities of these two compounds are similar to those of nikkomycin X and Z, their stabilities are much better than nikkomycin X and Z under different pHs and temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guoqing Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO,1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
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GouR, a TetR family transcriptional regulator, coordinates the biosynthesis and export of gougerotin in Streptomyces graminearus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 80:714-22. [PMID: 24242236 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03003-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gougerotin is a peptidyl nucleoside antibiotic. It functions as a specific inhibitor of protein synthesis by binding ribosomal peptidyl transferase and exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities. gouR, situated in the gougerotin biosynthetic gene cluster, encodes a TetR family transcriptional regulatory protein. Gene disruption and genetic complementation revealed that gouR plays an important role in the biosynthesis of gougerotin. Transcriptional analysis suggested that GouR represses the transcription of the gouL-to-gouB operon consisting of 11 structural genes and activates the transcription of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter gene (gouM). Electrophoresis mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and DNase I footprinting experiments showed that GouR has specific DNA-binding activity for the promoter regions of gouL, gouM, and gouR. Our data suggested that GouR modulates gougerotin production by coordinating its biosynthesis and export in Streptomyces graminearus.
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Zhai L, Lin S, Qu D, Hong X, Bai L, Chen W, Deng Z. Engineering of an industrial polyoxin producer for the rational production of hybrid peptidyl nucleoside antibiotics. Metab Eng 2012; 14:388-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Qu X, Pang B, Zhang Z, Chen M, Wu Z, Zhao Q, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu W. Caerulomycins and Collismycins Share a Common Paradigm for 2,2′-Bipyridine Biosynthesis via an Unusual Hybrid Polyketide–Peptide Assembly Logic. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:9038-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3016457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural
Products
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032,
China
| | - Bo Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural
Products
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032,
China
| | - Zhicong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural
Products
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032,
China
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural
Products
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032,
China
| | - Zhuhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural
Products
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032,
China
| | - Qunfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural
Products
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032,
China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural
Products
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032,
China
| | - Yinyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural
Products
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032,
China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural
Products
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032,
China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural
Products
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032,
China
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Zhu Y, Fu P, Lin Q, Zhang G, Zhang H, Li S, Ju J, Zhu W, Zhang C. Identification of Caerulomycin A Gene Cluster Implicates a Tailoring Amidohydrolase. Org Lett 2012; 14:2666-9. [PMID: 22591508 DOI: 10.1021/ol300589r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiguang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China, and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Peng Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China, and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qinheng Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China, and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China, and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China, and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Sumei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China, and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianhua Ju
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China, and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China, and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China, and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Binter A, Oberdorfer G, Hofzumahaus S, Nerstheimer S, Altenbacher G, Gruber K, Macheroux P. Characterization of the PLP-dependent aminotransferase NikK from Streptomyces tendae and its putative role in nikkomycin biosynthesis. FEBS J 2011; 278:4122-35. [PMID: 21884568 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
As inhibitors of chitin synthase, nikkomycins have attracted interest as potential antibiotics. The biosynthetic pathway to these peptide nucleosides in Streptomyces tendae is only partially known. In order to elucidate the last step of the biosynthesis of the aminohexuronic building block, we have heterologously expressed a predicted aminotransferase encoded by the gene nikK from S. tendae in Escherichia coli. The purified protein, which is essential for nikkomycin biosynthesis, has a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate cofactor bound as a Schiff base to lysine 221. The enzyme possesses aminotransferase activity and uses several standard amino acids as amino group donors with a preference for glutamate (Glu > Phe > Trp > Ala > His > Met > Leu). Therefore, we propose that NikK catalyses the introduction of the amino group into the ketohexuronic acid precursor of nikkomycins. At neutral pH, the UV-visible absorbance spectrum of NikK has two absorbance maxima at 357 and 425 nm indicative of the presence of the deprotonated and protonated aldimine with an estimated pK(a) of 8.3. The rate of donor substrate deamination is faster at higher pH, indicating that an alkaline environment favours the deamination reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Binter
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Biochemistry, Graz, Austria
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Pan Y, Wang L, He X, Tian Y, Liu G, Tan H. SabR enhances nikkomycin production via regulating the transcriptional level of sanG, a pathway-specific regulatory gene in Streptomyces ansochromogenes. BMC Microbiol 2011; 11:164. [PMID: 21771341 PMCID: PMC3146816 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND sabR is a pleiotropic regulatory gene which has been shown to positively regulate the nikkomycin biosynthesis and negatively affect the sporulation of Streptomyces ansochromogenes. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of SabR on modulating nikkomycin production in Streptomyces ansochromogenes. RESULTS The transcription start point of sabR was determined by high-resolution S1 nuclease mapping and localized at the nucleotide T at position 37 bp upstream of the potential sabR translation start codon (GTG). Disruption of sabR enhanced its own transcription, but retarded the nikkomycin production. Over-expression of sabR enhanced nikkomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces ansochromogenes. EMSA analysis showed that SabR bound to the upstream region of sanG, but it did not bind to the upstream region of its encoding gene (sabR), sanF and the intergenic region between sanN and sanO. DNase 1 footprinting assays showed that the SabR-binding site upstream of sanG was 5'-CTTTAAGTCACCTGGCTCATTCGCGTTCGCCCAGCT-3' which was designated as SARE. Deletion of SARE resulted in the delay of nikkomycin production that was similar to that of sabR disruption mutant. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that SabR modulated nikkomycin biosynthesis as an enhancer via interaction with the promoter region of sanG, and expanded our understanding about regulatory cascade in nikkomycin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Systematic Mycology and Lichenology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Linqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xihong He
- The Key Laboratory of Systematic Mycology and Lichenology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuqing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Systematic Mycology and Lichenology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huarong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Li J, Li L, Tian Y, Niu G, Tan H. Hybrid antibiotics with the nikkomycin nucleoside and polyoxin peptidyl moieties. Metab Eng 2011; 13:336-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Pan Y, Liu G, Yang H, Tian Y, Tan H. The pleiotropic regulator AdpA-L directly controls the pathway-specific activator of nikkomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces ansochromogenes. Mol Microbiol 2010; 72:710-23. [PMID: 19400773 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The nikkomycin-producing strain Streptomyces ansochromogenes has a homologue (adpA-L) of the key pleiotropic Streptomyces regulatory gene adpA. Gene disruption and genetic complementation revealed that adpA-L was required for both nikkomycin biosynthesis and morphological differentiation. Transcriptional analysis suggested that the transcription of sanG, the specific activator gene for nikkomycin biosynthesis, was dependent on AdpA-L. In gel-shift and DNase 1 footprinting assays, the purified His(6)-tagged recombinant AdpA-L protein bound the upstream region of sanG at five sites, which are spread over more than one kilobase of DNA and most of which is inside the transcribed region. A consensus AdpA-L-binding sequence, 5'-TGGCNNVWHN-3' (V: C, A or G; W: A or T; H: A, T or C; N: any nucleotide) was found in these binding sites. Transcriptional analysis of sanG carrying mutated AdpA-L binding sites showed that transcription of sanG was eliminated when site I was mutated and its trascription was decreased when site V was mutated, whereas it was increased when the binding sites II, III or IV were mutated. Meanwhile, nikkomycin production of the mutated site III strain was enhanced comparing with the wild-type strain as control. This work highlights a new level of complexity in the regulation of nikkomycin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
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15
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Moon M, Van Lanen SG. Characterization of a dual specificity aryl acid adenylation enzyme with dual function in nikkomycin biosynthesis. Biopolymers 2010; 93:791-801. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Winn M, Goss RJM, Kimura KI, Bugg TDH. Antimicrobial nucleoside antibiotics targeting cell wall assembly: recent advances in structure-function studies and nucleoside biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 27:279-304. [PMID: 20111805 DOI: 10.1039/b816215h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The quest for new antibiotics, especially those with activity against Gram-negative bacteria, is urgent; however, very few new antibiotics have been marketed in the last 40 years, with this limited number falling into only four new structural classes. Several nucleoside natural product antibiotics target bacterial translocase MraY, involved in the lipid-linked cycle of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and fungal chitin synthase. Biosynthetic studies on the nikkomycin, caprazamycin and pacidamycin/mureidomycin families are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Winn
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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Liao G, Li J, Li L, Yang H, Tian Y, Tan H. Selectively improving nikkomycin Z production by blocking the imidazolone biosynthetic pathway of nikkomycin X and uracil feeding in Streptomyces ansochromogenes. Microb Cell Fact 2009; 8:61. [PMID: 19930628 PMCID: PMC2787493 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-8-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nikkomycins are a group of peptidyl nucleoside antibiotics and act as potent inhibitors of chitin synthases in fungi and insects. Nikkomycin X and Z are the main components produced by Streptomyces ansochromogenes. Of them, nikkomycin Z is a promising antifungal agent with clinical significance. Since highly structural similarities between nikkomycin Z and X, separation of nikkomycin Z from the culture medium of S. ansochromogenes is difficult. Thus, generating a nikkomycin Z selectively producing strain is vital to scale up the nikkomycin Z yields for clinical trials. RESULTS A nikkomycin Z producing strain (sanPDM) was constructed by blocking the imidazolone biosynthetic pathway of nikkomycin X via genetic manipulation and yielded 300 mg/L nikkomycin Z and abolished the nikkomycin X production. To further increase the yield of nikkomycin Z, the effects of different precursors on its production were investigated. Precursors of nucleoside moiety (uracil or uridine) had a stimulatory effect on nikkomycin Z production while precursors of peptidyl moiety (L-lysine and L-glutamate) had no effect. sanPDM produced the maximum yields of nikkomycin Z (800 mg/L) in the presence of uracil at the concentration of 2 g/L and it was approximately 2.6-fold higher than that of the parent strain. CONCLUSION A high nikkomycin Z selectively producing was obtained by genetic manipulation combined with precursors feeding. The strategy presented here might be applicable in other bacteria to selectively produce targeted antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Jine Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Haihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yuqing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Huarong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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Ferreras JA, Stirrett KL, Lu X, Ryu JS, Soll CE, Tan DS, Quadri LEN. Mycobacterial phenolic glycolipid virulence factor biosynthesis: mechanism and small-molecule inhibition of polyketide chain initiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 15:51-61. [PMID: 18158259 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 11/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic glycolipids (PGLs) are polyketide-derived virulence factors produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. leprae, and other mycobacterial pathogens. We have combined bioinformatic, genetic, biochemical, and chemical biology approaches to illuminate the mechanism of chain initiation required for assembly of the p-hydroxyphenyl-polyketide moiety of PGLs. Our studies have led to the identification of a stand-alone, didomain initiation module, FadD22, comprised of a p-hydroxybenzoic acid adenylation domain and an aroyl carrier protein domain. FadD22 forms an acyl-S-enzyme covalent intermediate in the p-hydroxyphenyl-polyketide chain assembly line. We also used this information to develop a small-molecule inhibitor of PGL biosynthesis. Overall, these studies provide insights into the biosynthesis of an important group of small-molecule mycobacterial virulence factors and support the feasibility of targeting PGL biosynthesis to develop new drugs to treat mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A Ferreras
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Jia L, Tian Y, Tan H. SanT, a bidomain protein, is essential for nikkomycin biosynthesis of Streptomyces ansochromogenes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 362:1031-6. [PMID: 17825260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nikkomycins act as a competitive inhibitor of chitin synthetase and display potent activities against phytopathogenic and human pathogenic fungi. sanT is located in the gene cluster of nikkomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces ansochromogenes. Sequence analysis revealed that the deduced product of sanT has an unusual domain structure, which consists of an N-terminal acyl carrier protein (ACP) domain and a C-terminal aminotransferase (AMT) domain. Gene disruption and complementation indicated that sanT is essential for nikkomycin biosynthesis. Each domain of SanT was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and then purified. ACP domain is posttranslationally modified with phosphopantetheine (Ppant) prosthetic group at Ser-33. AMT domain catalyzes the transamination of 4-pyridyl-2-oxo-4-hydroxyisovalerate (POHIV), a precursor of peptidyl moiety of nikkomycins, to pyridylhomothreonine (PHT) in vitro. The two domains function independently but both are essential for nikkomycin biosynthesis. The biochemical and genetic evidences suggested that SanT is possibly a bifunctional protein, participating in the biosynthesis of peptidyl moiety and the assembly of nikkomycins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
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Xie Z, Niu G, Li R, Liu G, Tan H. Identification and Characterization of sanH and sanI Involved in the Hydroxylation of Pyridyl Residue During Nikkomycin Biosynthesis in Streptomyces ansochromogenes. Curr Microbiol 2007; 55:537-42. [PMID: 17899263 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-007-9028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nikkomycins are highly potent inhibitors of chitin synthase. The nikkomycin biosynthetic gene cluster has been cloned from Streptomyces asochromogenes. Two cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes (sanQ, sanH) and one ferredoxin gene (sanI) were found in the cluster. It was reported that SanQ is involved in the hydroxylation of L-His, a key step in 4-formyl-4-imidazolin-2-one base biosynthesis. Here, we have studied the function of sanH and sanI. Disruption of sanH abolished the production of nikkomycin X and Z, but it accumulated one dominant component nikkomycin Lx, which is the nikkomycin X analog lacking the hydroxy group at the pyridyl residue. The sanI disruption mutant accumulated predominantly nikkomycin Lx in addition to nikkomycin X and Z. The nikkomycin production profile of the sanH and sanI double disruption mutant was the same as that of the sanH disruption mutant. These results confirmed that SanH is essential for the hydroxylation of pyridyl residue in nikkomycin biosynthesis of S. ansochromogenes and first demonstrated that SanI is an effective electron donor for SanH, but not for SanQ in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoujie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Ling H, Wang G, Tian Y, Liu G, Tan H. SanM catalyzes the formation of 4-pyridyl-2-oxo-4-hydroxyisovalerate in nikkomycin biosynthesis by interacting with SanN. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 361:196-201. [PMID: 17659257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nikkomycins are peptidyl nucleoside antibiotics with potent activities against phytopathogenic and human pathogenic fungi. The sanM and sanN genes are required for the nikkomycin biosynthesis of Streptomyces ansochromogenes. In the present study, interaction between SanM and SanN was identified by yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Moreover, SanM and SanN were heterologously expressed and purified. Further biochemical assay demonstrated that the SanM-SanN interaction is essential for SanM aldolase activity but not for SanN dehydrogenase activity. SanM converts piconaldehyde and 2-oxobutyrate to 4-pyridyl-2-oxo-4-hydroxyisovalerate in nikkomycin biosynthesis by interacting with SanN. Steady state kinetics analysis revealed that K(m) and k(cat)/K(m) of SanM are 123.2 microM and 11.4 mM(-1)s(-1) for picolinaldehyde, while 335.6 microM and 4.0 mM(-1)s(-1) for 2-oxobutyrate, respectively. However, SanN as a dehydrogenase is independent of SanM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Deng Z, Bai L. Antibiotic biosynthetic pathways and pathway engineering--a growing research field in China. Nat Prod Rep 2006; 23:811-27. [PMID: 17003911 DOI: 10.1039/b611140h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the recent research activities in China in relation to studies on antibiotic biosynthetic pathways and pathway engineering in actinomycetes. 75 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Deng
- Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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