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Qiu M, Jiang J, Jiang W, Zhang W, Jiang Y, Xin F, Jiang M. The biosynthesis of L-phenylalanine-derived compounds by engineered microbes. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 77:108448. [PMID: 39260779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
L-Phenylalanine (L-Phe) is an important aromatic amino acid, which has been widely used in food, health care products, medicine and other fields. Based on the relatively mature microbial biosynthesis process, a variety of L-phenylalanine-derived compounds have attracted more and more attentions owing to their extensively potential applications in the fields of food, medicine, spices, cosmetics, and pesticides. However, the challenge of biosynthesis of L-phenylalanine-derived compounds remains the issue of low production and productivity. With the development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, the biosynthesis of L-phenylalanine has reached a high level. Therefore, the synthesis of L-phenylalanine-derived compounds based on high production strains of L-phenylalanine has broad prospects. In addition, some L-phenylalanine-derived compounds are more suitable for efficient synthesis by exogenous addition of precursors due to their longer metabolic pathways and the inhibitory effects of many intermediate products. This review systematically summarized the research progress of L-phenylalanine-derived compounds, including phenylpyruvate derivatives, trans-cinnamic derivatives, p-coumaric acid derivatives and other L-phenylalanine-derived compounds (such as flavonoids). Finally, the main strategies to improve the production of L-phenylalanine-derived compounds were summarized, and the development trends of the synthesis of L-phenylalanine-derived compounds by microbial method were also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Wankui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China.
| | - Fengxue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China.
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, PR China
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Wu W, Chen M, Li C, Zhong J, Xie R, Pan Z, Lin J, Qi F. Efficient production of phenyllactic acid in Escherichia coli via metabolic engineering and fermentation optimization strategies. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1457628. [PMID: 39247693 PMCID: PMC11377314 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1457628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenyllactic acid (PhLA), an important natural organic acid, can be used as a biopreservative, monomer of the novel polymeric material poly (phenyllactic acid), and raw material for various medicines. Herein, we achieved a high-level production of PhLA in Escherichia coli through the application of metabolic engineering and fermentation optimization strategies. First, the PhLA biosynthetic pathway was established in E. coli CGSC4510, and the phenylalanine biosynthetic pathway was disrupted to improve the carbon flux toward PhLA biosynthesis. Then, we increased the copy number of the key genes involved in the synthesis of the PhLA precursor phenylpyruvic acid. Concurrently, we disrupted the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway and enhanced the availability of phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose 4-phosphate, thereby constructing the genetically engineered strain MG-P10. This strain was capable of producing 1.42 ± 0.02 g/L PhLA through shake flask fermentation. Furthermore, after optimizing the dissolved oxygen feedback feeding process and other conditions, the PhLA yield reached 52.89 ± 0.25 g/L in a 6 L fermenter. This study successfully utilized metabolic engineering and fermentation optimization strategies to lay a foundation for efficient PhLA production in E. coli as an industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Wu
- Fujian Vocational College of Bioengineering, Fuzhou, China
| | - Maosen Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rusheng Xie
- Fujian Vocational College of Bioengineering, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Pan
- Fujian Vocational College of Bioengineering, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junhan Lin
- Fujian Vocational College of Bioengineering, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Mori H, Matsui M, Bamba T, Hori Y, Kitamura S, Toya Y, Hidese R, Yasueda H, Hasunuma T, Shimizu H, Taoka N, Kobayashi S. Engineering Escherichia coli for efficient glutathione production. Metab Eng 2024; 84:180-190. [PMID: 38969164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Glutathione is a tripeptide of excellent value in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries that is currently produced during yeast fermentation. In this case, glutathione accumulates intracellularly, which hinders high production. Here, we engineered Escherichia coli for the efficient production of glutathione. A total of 4.3 g/L glutathione was produced by overexpressing gshA and gshB, which encode cysteine glutamate ligase and glutathione synthetase, respectively, and most of the glutathione was excreted into the culture medium. Further improvements were achieved by inhibiting degradation (Δggt and ΔpepT); deleting gor (Δgor), which encodes glutathione oxide reductase; attenuating glutathione uptake (ΔyliABCD); and enhancing cysteine production (PompF-cysE). The engineered strain KG06 produced 19.6 g/L glutathione after 48 h of fed-batch fermentation with continuous addition of ammonium sulfate as the sulfur source. We also found that continuous feeding of glycine had a crucial role for effective glutathione production. The results of metabolic flux and metabolomic analyses suggested that the conversion of O-acetylserine to cysteine is the rate-limiting step in glutathione production by KG06. The use of sodium thiosulfate largely overcame this limitation, increasing the glutathione titer to 22.0 g/L, which is, to our knowledge, the highest titer reported to date in the literature. This study is the first report of glutathione fermentation without adding cysteine in E. coli. Our findings provide a great potential of E. coli fermentation process for the industrial production of glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Mori
- Agri-Bio Research Center, KANEKA CORPORATION, 1-8, Miyamae-cho, Takasago-cho, Takasago, Hyogo, 676-8688, Japan
| | - Misato Matsui
- Agri-Bio Research Center, KANEKA CORPORATION, 1-8, Miyamae-cho, Takasago-cho, Takasago, Hyogo, 676-8688, Japan
| | - Takahiro Bamba
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Hori
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kitamura
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Toya
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryota Hidese
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yasueda
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan; Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8550, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoaki Taoka
- Agri-Bio Research Center, KANEKA CORPORATION, 1-8, Miyamae-cho, Takasago-cho, Takasago, Hyogo, 676-8688, Japan
| | - Shingo Kobayashi
- Agri-Bio Research Center, KANEKA CORPORATION, 1-8, Miyamae-cho, Takasago-cho, Takasago, Hyogo, 676-8688, Japan.
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Nie M, Wang J, Chen Z, Cao C, Zhang K. Systematic engineering enables efficient biosynthesis of L-phenylalanine in E. coli from inexpensive aromatic precursors. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:12. [PMID: 38183119 PMCID: PMC10768146 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-phenylalanine is an essential amino acid with various promising applications. The microbial pathway for L-phenylalanine synthesis from glucose in wild strains involves lengthy steps and stringent feedback regulation that limits the production yield. It is attractive to find other candidates, which could be used to establish a succinct and cost-effective pathway for L-phenylalanine production. Here, we developed an artificial bioconversion process to synthesize L-phenylalanine from inexpensive aromatic precursors (benzaldehyde or benzyl alcohol). In particular, this work opens the possibility of L-phenylalanine production from benzyl alcohol in a cofactor self-sufficient system without any addition of reductant. RESULTS The engineered L-phenylalanine biosynthesis pathway comprises two modules: in the first module, aromatic precursors and glycine were converted into phenylpyruvate, the key precursor for L-phenylalanine. The highly active enzyme combination was natural threonine aldolase LtaEP.p and threonine dehydratase A8HB.t, which could produce phenylpyruvate in a titer of 4.3 g/L. Overexpression of gene ridA could further increase phenylpyruvate production by 16.3%, reaching up to 5 g/L. The second module catalyzed phenylpyruvate to L-phenylalanine, and the conversion rate of phenylpyruvate was up to 93% by co-expressing PheDH and FDHV120S. Then, the engineered E. coli containing these two modules could produce L-phenylalanine from benzaldehyde with a conversion rate of 69%. Finally, we expanded the aromatic precursors to produce L-phenylalanine from benzyl alcohol, and firstly constructed the cofactor self-sufficient biosynthetic pathway to synthesize L-phenylalanine without any additional reductant such as formate. CONCLUSION Systematical bioconversion processes have been designed and constructed, which could provide a potential bio-based strategy for the production of high-value L-phenylalanine from low-cost starting materials aromatic precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Nie
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
- Center of Synthetic Biology and Integrated Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Center of Synthetic Biology and Integrated Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeyao Chen
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
- Center of Synthetic Biology and Integrated Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenkai Cao
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
- Center of Synthetic Biology and Integrated Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kechun Zhang
- Center of Synthetic Biology and Integrated Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang, China.
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Ren T, Li B, Xu F, Chen Z, Lu M, Tan S. Research on the Effect of Oriental Fruit Moth Feeding on the Quality Degradation of Chestnut Rose Juice Based on Metabolomics. Molecules 2023; 28:7170. [PMID: 37894648 PMCID: PMC10608842 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a native fruit of China, chestnut rose (Rosa roxburghii Tratt) juice is rich in bioactive ingredients. Oriental fruit moth (OFM), Grapholita molesta (Busck), attacks the fruits and shoots of Rosaceae plants, and its feeding affects the quality and yield of chestnut rose. To investigate the effects of OFM feeding on the quality of chestnut rose juice, the bioactive compounds in chestnut rose juice produced from fruits eaten by OFM were measured. The electronic tongue senses, amino acid profile, and untargeted metabolomics assessments were performed to explore changes in the flavour and metabolites. The results showed that OFM feeding reduced the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), tannin, vitamin C, flavonoid, and condensed tannin; increased those of polyphenols, soluble solids, total protein, bitterness, and amounts of bitter amino acids; and decreased the total amino acid and umami amino acid levels. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomics annotated a total of 426 differential metabolites (including 55 bitter metabolites), which were mainly enriched in 14 metabolic pathways, such as flavonoid biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and diterpenoid biosynthesis. In conclusion, the quality of chestnut rose juice deteriorated under OFM feeding stress, the levels of bitter substances were significantly increased, and the bitter taste was subsequently enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyuan Ren
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (B.L.); (F.X.); (Z.C.); (M.L.); (S.T.)
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Cai M, Wu Y, Qi H, He J, Wu Z, Xu H, Qiao M. Improving the Level of the Tyrosine Biosynthesis Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through HTZ1 Knockout and Atmospheric and Room Temperature Plasma (ARTP) Mutagenesis. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:49-62. [PMID: 33395268 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the expression of multiple aromatic compounds by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The concentration of l-tyrosine, as a precursor of such valuable compounds, is crucial for the biosynthesis of aromatic metabolites. In this study, a novel function of HTZ1 was found to be related to tyrosine biosynthesis, which has not yet been reported. Knockout of this gene could significantly improve the ability of yeast cells to synthesize tyrosine, and its p-coumaric acid (p-CA) titer was approximately 3.9-fold higher than that of the wild-type strain BY4742. Subsequently, this strain was selected for random mutagenesis through an emerging mutagenesis technique, namely, atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP). After two rounds of mutagenesis, five tyrosine high-producing mutants were obtained. The highest production of p-CA was 7.6-fold higher than that of the wild-type strain. Finally, transcriptome data of the htz1Δ strain and the five mutants were analyzed. The genome of mutagenic strains was also resequenced to reveal the mechanism underlying the high titer of tyrosine. This system of target engineering combined with random mutagenesis to screen excellent mutants provides a new basis for synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yuzhen Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Hang Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Jiaze He
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Zhenzhou Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Haijin Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Mingqiang Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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Liu S, Yang Q, Mao J, Bai M, Zhou J, Han X, Mao J. Feedback inhibition of the prephenate dehydratase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its mutation in huangjiu (Chinese rice wine) yeast. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Liu L, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Chen H, Fan C, Mo Q, Yuan J. One‐Pot Cascade Biotransformation for Efficient Synthesis of Benzyl Alcohol and Its Analogs. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1018-1021. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life SciencesXiamen University Fujian Xiamen 361102 P. R. China
| | - Yuling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life SciencesXiamen University Fujian Xiamen 361102 P. R. China
| | - Yufen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life SciencesXiamen University Fujian Xiamen 361102 P. R. China
| | - Huiyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life SciencesXiamen University Fujian Xiamen 361102 P. R. China
| | - Cong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life SciencesXiamen University Fujian Xiamen 361102 P. R. China
| | - Qiwen Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life SciencesXiamen University Fujian Xiamen 361102 P. R. China
| | - Jifeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Life SciencesXiamen University Fujian Xiamen 361102 P. R. China
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Genetic engineering approaches for the fermentative production of phenylglycines. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3433-3444. [PMID: 32078019 PMCID: PMC7089894 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
L-phenylglycine (L-Phg) is a rare non-proteinogenic amino acid, which only occurs in some natural compounds, such as the streptogramin antibiotics pristinamycin I and virginiamycin S or the bicyclic peptide antibiotic dityromycin. Industrially, more interesting than L-Phg is the enantiomeric D-Phg as it plays an important role in the fine chemical industry, where it is used as a precursor for the production of semisynthetic β-lactam antibiotics. Based on the natural L-Phg operon from Streptomyces pristinaespiralis and the stereo-inverting aminotransferase gene hpgAT from Pseudomonas putida, an artificial D-Phg operon was constructed. The natural L-Phg operon, as well as the artificial D-Phg operon, was heterologously expressed in different actinomycetal host strains, which led to the successful production of Phg. By rational genetic engineering of the optimal producer strains S. pristinaespiralis and Streptomyces lividans, Phg production could be improved significantly. Here, we report on the development of a synthetic biology-derived D-Phg pathway and the optimization of fermentative Phg production in actinomycetes by genetic engineering approaches. Our data illustrate a promising alternative for the production of Phgs.
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Unraveling the specific regulation of the shikimate pathway for tyrosine accumulation in Bacillus licheniformis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 46:1047-1059. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
l-Tyrosine serves as a common precursor for multiple valuable secondary metabolites. Synthesis of this aromatic amino acid in Bacillus licheniformis occurs via the shikimate pathway, but the underlying mechanisms involving metabolic regulation remain unclear. In this work, improved l-tyrosine accumulation was achieved in B. licheniformis via co-overexpression of aroGfbr and tyrAfbr from Escherichia coli to yield strain 45A12, and the l-tyrosine titer increased to 1005 mg/L with controlled glucose feeding. Quantitative RT-PCR results indicated that aroA, encoding DAHP synthase, and aroK, encoding shikimate kinase, were feedback-repressed by the end product l-tyrosine in the modified strain. Therefore, the native aroK was first expressed with multiple copies to yield strain 45A13, which could accumulate 1201 mg/L l-tyrosine. Compared with strain 45A12, the expression of aroB and aroF in strain 45A13 was upregulated by 21% and 27%, respectively, which may also have resulted in the improvement of l-tyrosine production. Furthermore, supplementation with 5 g/L shikimate enhanced the l-tyrosine titers of 45A12 and 45A13 by 29.1% and 24.0%, respectively. However, the yield of l-tyrosine per unit of shikimate decreased from 0.365 to 0.198 mol/mol after aroK overexpression in strain 45A12, which suggested that the gene product was also involved in uncharacterized pathways. This study provides a good starting point for further modification to achieve industrial-scale production of l-tyrosine using B. licheniformis, a generally recognized as safe workhorse.
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Kawaguchi H, Miyagawa H, Nakamura-Tsuruta S, Takaya N, Ogino C, Kondo A. Enhanced Phenyllactic Acid Production in Escherichia coli Via Oxygen Limitation and Shikimate Pathway Gene Expression. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800478. [PMID: 30810277 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
3-Phenyllactic acid (PhLA) is useful as a start-up material in the pharmaceutical and biorefinery industries. To enhance the production of PhLA from glucose using recombinant Escherichia coli, the effects of glucose concentration and oxygen limitation on PhLA production are assessed in a fed-batch system using dissolved oxygen (DO)-stat method. The highest titer of PhLA (7.3 g L-1 ) is observed with a high concentration of glucose and under oxygen-limited conditions (DO = 0 ppm). Under oxygen limitation, cell growth and the formation of acetate and l-phenylalanine (Phe) by-products after 72 h of cultivation are reduced by 30%, 70%, and 81%, respectively, as compared to that under high DO conditions (DO = 5 ppm). Gene expression levels are compared between low and high DO conditions by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. Several genes in the glycolysis (gapA and pykA), pentose phosphate (tktA), and early shikimate pathways for PhLA biosynthesis (aroF, aroG, and aroH) are upregulated under oxygen limitation. The results suggest that oxygen limitation affects metabolism in the shikimate pathway at both metabolic and transcriptional levels and that controlling the DO level is critical for enhanced production of a variety of aromatic compounds through the shikimate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyagawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Sachiko Nakamura-Tsuruta
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,Department of Human and Living Sciences, Minatogawa College, 1430 Yotsutsuji, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1342, Japan
| | - Naoki Takaya
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.,Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.,Center for Sustainable Resource, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Turumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
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Liu X, Niu H, Li Q, Gu P. Metabolic engineering for the production of l-phenylalanine in Escherichia coli. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:85. [PMID: 30800596 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the three proteinogenic aromatic amino acids, l-phenylalanine is widely applied in the food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries, especially in production of the low-calorie sweetener aspartame. Microbial production of l-phenylalanine has become attractive as it possesses the advantages of environmental friendliness, low cost, and feedstock renewability. With the progress of metabolic engineering, systems biology and synthetic biology, production of l-phenylalanine from glucose in Escherichia coli with relatively high titer has been achieved by improving the intracellular levels of precursors, alleviating transcriptional repression and feedback inhibition of key enzymes, increasing the export of l-phenylalanine, engineering of global regulators, and overexpression of rate-limiting enzymes. In this review, successful metabolic engineering strategies for increasing l-phenylalanine accumulation from glucose in E. coli are described. In addition, perspectives for further improvement of production of l-phenylalanine are discussed.
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Mohammadi Nargesi B, Sprenger GA, Youn JW. Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli for para-Amino-Phenylethanol and para-Amino-Phenylacetic Acid Biosynthesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 6:201. [PMID: 30662895 PMCID: PMC6328984 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic amines are an important class of chemicals which are used as building blocks for the synthesis of polymers and pharmaceuticals. In this study we establish a de novo pathway for the biosynthesis of the aromatic amines para-amino-phenylethanol (PAPE) and para-amino-phenylacetic acid (4-APA) in Escherichia coli. We combined a synthetic para-amino-l-phenylalanine pathway with the fungal Ehrlich pathway. Therefore, we overexpressed the heterologous genes encoding 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase (pabAB from Corynebacterium glutamicum), 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate mutase and 4-amino-4-deoxyprephenate dehydrogenase (papB and papC from Streptomyces venezuelae) and ThDP-dependent keto-acid decarboxylase (aro10 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in E. coli. The resulting para-amino-phenylacetaldehyde either was reduced to PAPE or oxidized to 4-APA. The wild type strain E. coli LJ110 with a plasmid carrying these four genes produced (in shake flask cultures) 11 ± 1.5 mg l−1 of PAPE from glucose (4.5 g l−1). By the additional cloning and expression of feaB (phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase from E. coli) 36 ± 5 mg l−1 of 4-APA were obtained from 4.5 g l−1 glucose. Competing reactions, such as the genes for aminotransferases (aspC and tyrB) or for biosynthesis of L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine (pheA, tyrA) and for the regulator TyrR were removed. Additionally, the E. coli genes aroFBL were cloned and expressed from a second plasmid. The best producer strains of E. coli showed improved formation of PAPE and 4-APA, respectively. Plasmid-borne expression of an aldehyde reductase (yahK from E. coli) gave best values for PAPE production, whereas feaB-overexpression led to best values for 4-APA. In fed-batch cultivation, the best producer strains achieved 2.5 ± 0.15 g l−1 of PAPE from glucose (11% C mol mol-1 glucose) and 3.4 ± 0.3 g l−1 of 4-APA (17% C mol mol−1 glucose), respectively which are the highest values for recombinant strains reported so far.
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Characterization of the phenylglycine aminotransferase PglE from Streptomyces pristinaespiralis. J Biotechnol 2018; 278:34-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Liu M, Cao Z. Regulation of NADH Oxidase Expression via a Thermo-regulated Genetic Switch for Pyruvate Production in Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-017-0290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Ai-Lati A, Liu S, Li X, Qian B, Shan Y, Zhou Z, Peng L, Ji Z, Mao J, Zou H, Yu Y, Zhu S. Effect of Chinese rice wine sludge on the production of Chinese steamed buns. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aisikaer Ai-Lati
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Rice Wine; Shaoxing Zhejiang 31200 China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Rice Wine; Shaoxing Zhejiang 31200 China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 China
| | - Bin Qian
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Rice Wine; Shaoxing Zhejiang 31200 China
| | - Yunfei Shan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Zhilei Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Rice Wine; Shaoxing Zhejiang 31200 China
| | - Lin Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Rice Wine; Shaoxing Zhejiang 31200 China
| | - Zhongwei Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Rice Wine; Shaoxing Zhejiang 31200 China
| | - Jian Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Rice Wine; Shaoxing Zhejiang 31200 China
| | - Huijun Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Rice Wine; Shaoxing Zhejiang 31200 China
| | - Yongjian Yu
- Jiangsu Hengshun Vinegar Industry Co., Ltd; Zhenjiang 212043 China
| | - Shenghu Zhu
- Jiangsu Hengshun Vinegar Industry Co., Ltd; Zhenjiang 212043 China
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17
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Liu C, Men X, Chen H, Li M, Ding Z, Chen G, Wang F, Liu H, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Xian M. A systematic optimization of styrene biosynthesis in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:14. [PMID: 29416559 PMCID: PMC5784704 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Styrene is a versatile commodity petrochemical used as a monomer building-block for the synthesis of many useful polymers. Although achievements have been made on styrene biosynthesis in microorganisms, several bottleneck problems limit factors for further improvement in styrene production. RESULTS A two-step styrene biosynthesis pathway was developed and introduced into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Systematic optimization of styrene biosynthesis, such as enzyme screening, codon and plasmid optimization, metabolic flow balance, and in situ fermentation was performed. Candidate isoenzymes of the rate-limiting enzyme phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were screened from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPAL2), Fagopyrum tataricum (FtPAL), Petroselinum crispum (PcPAL), and Artemisia annua (AaPAL). After codon optimization, AtPAL2 was found to be the most effective one, and the engineered strain was able to produce 55 mg/L styrene. Subsequently, plasmid optimization was performed, which improved styrene production to 103 mg/L. In addition, two upstream shikimate pathway genes, aroF and pheA, were overexpressed in the engineered strain, which resulted in styrene production of 210 mg/L. Subsequently, combined overexpression of tktA and ppsA increased styrene production to 275 mg/L. Finally, in situ product removal was used to ease the burden of end-product toxicity. By using isopropyl myristate as a solvent, styrene production reached a final titer of 350 mg/L after 48 h of shake-flask fermentation, representing a 636% improvement, which compared with that achieved in the original strain. CONCLUSIONS This present study achieved the highest titer of de novo production of styrene in E. coli at shake-flask fermentation level. These results obtained provided new insights for the development of microbial production of styrene in a sustainable and environment friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Men
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hailin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meijie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaorui Ding
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haobao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco, Gene Resources’ Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco, Gene Resources’ Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 People’s Republic of China
| | - Youshuang Zhu
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Efficient biosynthesis of l-phenylglycine by an engineered Escherichia coli with a tunable multi-enzyme-coordinate expression system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2129-2141. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Yu JL, Xia XX, Zhong JJ, Qian ZG. Enhanced production of C5 dicarboxylic acids by aerobic-anaerobic shift in fermentation of engineered Escherichia coli. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Yang M, Mu T, Zhong W, Olajuyin A, Xing J. Analysis of gluconate metabolism for pyruvate production in engineeredEscherichia colibased on genome-wide transcriptomes. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 65:165-172. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering; Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - T. Mu
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering; Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - W. Zhong
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - A.M. Olajuyin
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - J. Xing
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering; Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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Switch on a more efficient pyruvate synthesis pathway based on transcriptome analysis and metabolic evolution. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 124:523-527. [PMID: 28669527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the decrease of intracellular NADH availability, gluconate metabolism is more conducive to pyruvate production than glucose. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway was activated by gluconate in Escherichia coli YP211 (MG1655 ΔldhA ΔpflB Δpta-ackA ΔpoxB Δppc ΔfrdBC). To construct a new pyruvate producing strain with glucose metabolism via ED pathway, the genes ppsA, ptsG, pgi and gnd were deleted sequentially to reduce the demand for PEP and block the Embden-Meyerhor-Parnas pathway and Pentose-Phosphate pathway. After nearly 1000 generations of growth-based selection, the evolved strain YP404 was isolated and the ED pathway was proved to be activated as the primary glycolytic pathway. Comparing with YP211, the pyruvate concentration and yield increased by 59% and 10.1%, respectively. In fed-batch fermentation, the pyruvate concentration reached 83.5 g l-1 with a volumetric productivity of 2.3 g l-1 h-1. This was the first time to produce pyruvate via ED pathway, and prove that this was a more effective way.
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Abstract
Along with the development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology tools, various microbes are being used to produce aromatic chemicals. In microbes, aromatics are mainly produced via a common important precursor, chorismate, in the shikimate pathway. Natural or non-natural aromatics have been produced by engineering metabolic pathways involving chorismate. In the past decade, novel approaches have appeared to produce various aromatics or to increase their productivity, whereas previously, the targets were mainly aromatic amino acids and the strategy was deregulating feedback inhibition. In this review, we summarize recent studies of microbial production of aromatics based on metabolic engineering approaches. In addition, future perspectives and challenges in this research area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Noda
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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23
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Liu Y, Zhuang Y, Ding D, Xu Y, Sun J, Zhang D. Biosensor-Based Evolution and Elucidation of a Biosynthetic Pathway in Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:837-848. [PMID: 28121425 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The successful evolution of metabolite-producing microbes requires a high-throughput screening method to obtain the desired properties within a short time. In this study, we developed a transcription-factor-driven device that combines a metabolite-responsive element and a selection module. This device was able to specifically sense intracellular l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) and convert this signal into an observable phenotype. Applying this device, we successfully improved l-Phe production by screening hyperproducing phenotypes from a ribonucleotide binding site library and a random mutagenesis library. In addition, several site mutations introduced by random mutagenesis were identified and elucidated to facilitate the improvement of l-Phe production. Our results present a paradigm for screening of compounds that are not easily observable to raise the yield of targeted compounds from a large candidate library. This approach may guide further applications in rewiring metabolic circuits and facilitate the directed evolution of recombinant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key
Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yinyin Zhuang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Dongqin Ding
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key
Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yiran Xu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jibin Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key
Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key
Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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Yang M, Zhang X. Construction of pyruvate producing strain with intact pyruvate dehydrogenase and genome-wide transcription analysis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:59. [PMID: 28243982 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To obtain strain YP211 with a high tendency for accumulating pyruvate, central metabolic pathways were modified in Escherichia coli MG1655. Specifically, seven genes (ldhA, pflB, pta-ackA, poxB, ppc, frdBC) were knocked out sequentially and full pyruvate dehydrogenase was retained. In batch fermentation with M9 medium, pyruvate yield and production rate reached 0.63 g/g glucose and 1.89 g/(1 h), respectively. Meanwhile, the production of acetate, succinate, and other carboxylates was effectively controlled. To understand the physiological observations, we further completed genome-wide transcription analysis of wild-type and YP211. As the acetic acid pathways were blocked, the pathways of convertion of pyruvate to phosphoenol pyruvate and acetyl CoA were enhanced. The transcription of pck, as an alternative gene for ppc, was increased by 2.6 times. So even if gene ppc was inactivated, the tricarboxylic acid pathway was still enhanced in YP211. In order to balance intracellular NADH/NAD+, oxidative phosphorylation and flagellar assembly system were also up-regulated significantly. Biochemical pathways involved in pyruvate accumulation in YP211 (a). Transcriptional differences of genes related to pyruvate metabolism between strain YP211 and E. coli wild-type (b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maohua Yang
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Agro-food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 202 North Industrial Road, Ji'nan, 250100, People's Republic of China
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Che J, Shi J, Gao Z, Zhang Y. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Genetic Basis of the Resveratrol Biosynthesis Pathway in an Endophytic Fungus (Alternaria sp. MG1) Isolated from Vitis vinifera. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1257. [PMID: 27588016 PMCID: PMC4988973 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternaria sp. MG1, an endophytic fungus previously isolated from Merlot grape, produces resveratrol from glucose, showing similar metabolic flux to the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, currently found solely in plants. In order to identify the resveratrol biosynthesis pathway in this strain at the gene level, de novo transcriptome sequencing was conducted using Illumina paired-end sequencing. A total of 22,954,434 high-quality reads were assembled into contigs and 18,570 unigenes were identified. Among these unigenes, 14,153 were annotated in the NCBI non-redundant protein database and 5341 were annotated in the Swiss-Prot database. After KEGG mapping, 2701 unigenes were mapped onto 115 pathways. Eighty-four unigenes were annotated in major pathways from glucose to resveratrol, coding 20 enzymes for glycolysis, 10 for phenylalanine biosynthesis, 4 for phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and 4 for stilbenoid biosynthesis. Chalcone synthase was identified for resveratrol biosynthesis in this strain, due to the absence of stilbene synthase. All the identified enzymes indicated a reasonable biosynthesis pathway from glucose to resveratrol via glycolysis, phenylalanine biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and stilbenoid pathways. These results provide essential evidence for the occurrence of resveratrol biosynthesis in Alternaria sp. MG1 at the gene level, facilitating further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in this strain's secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Che
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University Yangling, China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenhong Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University Yangling, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University Yangling, China
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