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Jin X, Li X, Zou L, Zheng Z, Ouyang J. Biological Valorization of Lignin-Derived Aromatics in Hydrolysate to Protocatechuic Acid by Engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Molecules 2024; 29:1555. [PMID: 38611834 PMCID: PMC11013400 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alongside fermentable sugars, weak acids, and furan derivatives, lignocellulosic hydrolysates contain non-negligible amounts of lignin-derived aromatic compounds. The biological funnel of lignin offers a new strategy for the "natural" production of protocatechuic acid (PCA). Herein, Pseudomonas putida KT2440 was engineered to produce PCA from lignin-derived monomers in hydrolysates by knocking out protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase and overexpressing vanillate-O-demethylase endogenously, while acetic acid was used for cell growth. The sugar catabolism was further blocked to prevent the loss of fermentable sugar. Using the engineered strain, a total of 253.88 mg/L of PCA was obtained with a yield of 70.85% from corncob hydrolysate 1. The highest titer of 433.72 mg/L of PCA was achieved using corncob hydrolysate 2 without any additional nutrients. This study highlights the potential ability of engineered strains to address the challenges of PCA production from lignocellulosic hydrolysate, providing novel insights into the utilization of hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jia Ouyang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.J.); (X.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.Z.)
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2
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Li J, Lu X, Zou X, Ye BC. Recent Advances in Microbial Metabolic Engineering for Production of Natural Phenolic Acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4538-4551. [PMID: 38377566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Phenolic acids are important natural bioactive compounds with varied physiological functions. They are extensively used in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and other chemical industries and have attractive market prospects. Compared to plant extraction and chemical synthesis, microbial fermentation for phenolic acid production from renewable carbon sources has significant advantages. This review focuses on the structural information, physiological functions, current applications, and biosynthesis pathways of phenolic acids, especially advances in the development of metabolically engineered microbes for the production of phenolic acids. This review provides useful insights concerning phenolic acid production through metabolic engineering of microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xiumin Lu
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Xiang Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Wang M, Wang H, Gao C, Wei W, Liu J, Chen X, Hu G, Song W, Wu J, Zhang F, Liu L. Efficient production of protocatechuic acid using systems engineering of Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2024; 82:134-146. [PMID: 38369051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, PCA) is widely used in the pharmaceuticals, health food, and cosmetics industries owing to its diverse biological activities. However, the inhibition of 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (AroZ) by PCA and its toxicity to cells limit the efficient production of PCA in Escherichia coli. In this study, a high-level strain of 3-dehydroshikimate, E. coli DHS01, was developed by blocking the carbon flow from the shikimate-overproducing strain E. coli SA09. Additionally, the PCA biosynthetic pathway was established in DHS01 by introducing the high-activity ApAroZ. Subsequently, the protein structure and catalytic mechanism of 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase from Acinetobacter pittii PHEA-2 (ApAroZ) were clarified. The variant ApAroZR363A, achieved by modulating the conformational dynamics of ApAroZ, effectively relieved product inhibition. Additionally, the tolerance of the strain E. coli PCA04 to PCA was enhanced by adaptive laboratory evolution, and a biosensor-assisted high-throughput screening method was designed and implemented to expedite the identification of high-performance PCA-producing strains. Finally, in a 5 L bioreactor, the final strain PCA05 achieved the highest PCA titer of 46.65 g/L, a yield of 0.23 g/g, and a productivity of 1.46 g/L/h for PCA synthesis from glucose using normal fed-batch fermentation. The strategies described herein serve as valuable guidelines for the production of other high-value and toxic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Haomiao Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Cong Gao
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wanqing Wei
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guipeng Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liming Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Nonaka K, Osamura T, Takahashi F. A 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-hydroxylase mutant enables 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid production from glucose in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:168. [PMID: 37644492 PMCID: PMC10466732 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial production of aromatic chemicals is an attractive method for obtaining high-performance materials from biomass resources. A non-proteinogenic amino acid, 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid (4,3-AHBA), is expected to be a precursor of highly functional polybenzoxazole polymers; however, methods for its microbial production have not been reported. In this study, we attempted to produce 4,3-AHBA from glucose by introducing 3-hydroxylation of 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA) into the metabolic pathway of an industrially relevant bacterium, Corynebacterium glutamicum. RESULTS Six different 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-hydroxylases (PHBHs) were heterologously expressed in C. glutamicum strains, which were then screened for the production of 4,3-AHBA by culturing with glucose as a carbon source. The highest concentration of 4,3-AHBA was detected in the strain expressing PHBH from Caulobacter vibrioides (CvPHBH). A combination of site-directed mutagenesis in the active site and random mutagenesis via laccase-mediated colorimetric assay allowed us to obtain CvPHBH mutants that enhanced 4,3-AHBA productivity under deep-well plate culture conditions. The recombinant C. glutamicum strain expressing CvPHBHM106A/T294S and having an enhanced 4-ABA biosynthetic pathway produced 13.5 g/L (88 mM) 4,3-AHBA and 0.059 g/L (0.43 mM) precursor 4-ABA in fed-batch culture using a nutrient-rich medium. The culture of this strain in the chemically defined CGXII medium yielded 9.8 C-mol% of 4,3-AHBA from glucose, corresponding to 12.8% of the theoretical maximum yield (76.8 C-mol%) calculated using a genome-scale metabolic model of C. glutamicum. CONCLUSIONS Identification of PHBH mutants that could efficiently catalyze the 3-hydroxylation of 4-ABA in C. glutamicum allowed us to construct an artificial biosynthetic pathway capable of producing 4,3-AHBA on a gram-scale using glucose as the carbon source. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of enzyme-catalyzed regioselective hydroxylation of aromatic chemicals and to the diversification of biomass-derived precursors for high-performance materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoshiro Nonaka
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 1334 Minato, Wakayama, Wakayama, 640-8580, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Osamura
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 1334 Minato, Wakayama, Wakayama, 640-8580, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Takahashi
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 1334 Minato, Wakayama, Wakayama, 640-8580, Japan
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Li J, Fu J, Yue C, Shang Y, Ye BC. Highly Efficient Biosynthesis of Protocatechuic Acid via Recombinant Pseudomonas putida KT2440. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37365996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their physiological activities, plant-derived phenolic acids, such as protocatechuic acid (PCA), have extensive applications and market prospects. However, traditional production processes present numerous challenges and cannot meet increasing market demands. Hence, we aimed to biosynthesize PCA by constructing an efficient microbial factory via metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Glucose metabolism was engineered by deleting the genes for gluconate 2-dehydrogenase to enhance PCA biosynthesis. To increase the biosynthetic metabolic flux, one extra copy of the genes aroGopt, aroQ, and aroB was inserted into the genome. The resultant strain, KGVA04, produced 7.2 g/L PCA. By inserting the degradation tags GSD and DAS to decrease the amount of shikimate dehydrogenase, PCA biosynthesis was increased to 13.2 g/L in shake-flask fermentation and 38.8 g/L in fed-batch fermentation. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first use of degradation tags to adjust the amount of a key enzyme at the protein level in P. putida KT2440, evidencing the remarkable potential of this method for naturally producing phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianli Fu
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Cheng Yue
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanzhe Shang
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Institute of Engineering Biology and Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
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Zhou D, Wu F, Peng Y, Qazi MA, Li R, Wang Y, Wang Q. Multi-step biosynthesis of the biodegradable polyester monomer 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid from glucose. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:92. [PMID: 37264438 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2-Pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), a chemically stable pseudoaromatic dicarboxylic acid, represents a promising building block for the manufacture of biodegradable polyesters. Microbial production of PDC has been extensively investigated, but low titers and yields have limited industrial applications. RESULTS In this study, a multi-step biosynthesis strategy for the microbial production of PDC was demonstrated using engineered Escherichia coli whole-cell biocatalysts. The PDC biosynthetic pathway was first divided into three synthetic modules, namely the 3-dehydroshikimic acid (DHS) module, the protocatechuic acid (PCA) module and the PDC module. Several effective enzymes, including 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase for the PCA module as well as protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase and 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase for the PDC module were isolated and characterized. Then, the highly efficient whole-cell bioconversion systems for producing PCA and PDC were constructed and optimized, respectively. Finally, the efficient multi-step biosynthesis of PDC from glucose was achieved by smoothly integrating the above three biosynthetic modules, resulting in a final titer of 49.18 g/L with an overall 27.2% molar yield, which represented the highest titer for PDC production from glucose reported to date. CONCLUSIONS This study lays the foundation for the microbial production of PDC, including one-step de novo biosynthesis from glucose as well as the microbial transformation of monoaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Fengli Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Yanfeng Peng
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Muneer Ahmed Qazi
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Science, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, 66020, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Ruosong Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Qinhong Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
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Zhu N, Xia W, Wang G, Song Y, Gao X, Liang J, Wang Y. Engineering Corynebacterium glutamicum for de novo production of 2-phenylethanol from lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:75. [PMID: 37143059 PMCID: PMC10158149 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2-Phenylethanol is a specific aromatic alcohol with a rose-like smell, which has been widely used in the cosmetic and food industries. At present, 2-phenylethanol is mainly produced by chemical synthesis. The preference of consumers for "natural" products and the demand for environmental-friendly processes have promoted biotechnological processes for 2-phenylethanol production. Yet, high 2-phenylethanol cytotoxicity remains an issue during the bioproduction process. RESULTS Corynebacterium glutamicum with inherent tolerance to aromatic compounds was modified for the production of 2-phenylethanol from glucose and xylose. The sensitivity of C. glutamicum to 2-phenylethanol toxicity revealed that this host was more tolerant than Escherichia coli. Introduction of a heterologous Ehrlich pathway into the evolved phenylalanine-producing C. glutamicum CALE1 achieved 2-phenylethanol production, while combined expression of the aro10. Encoding 2-ketoisovalerate decarboxylase originating from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the yahK encoding alcohol dehydrogenase originating from E. coli was shown to be the most efficient. Furthermore, overexpression of key genes (aroGfbr, pheAfbr, aroA, ppsA and tkt) involved in the phenylpyruvate pathway increased 2-phenylethanol titer to 3.23 g/L with a yield of 0.05 g/g glucose. After introducing a xylose assimilation pathway from Xanthomonas campestris and a xylose transporter from E. coli, 3.55 g/L 2-phenylethanol was produced by the engineered strain CGPE15 with a yield of 0.06 g/g xylose, which was 10% higher than that with glucose. This engineered strain CGPE15 also accumulated 3.28 g/L 2-phenylethanol from stalk hydrolysate. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we established and validated an efficient C. glutamicum strain for the de novo production of 2-phenylethanol from corn stalk hydrolysate. This work supplied a promising route for commodity 2-phenylethanol bioproduction from nonfood lignocellulosic feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianqing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Nanjing Normal University Taizhou College, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guanglu Wang
- Laboratory of Biotransformation and Biocatalysis, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhe Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxing Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jilei Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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An P, Li L, Huang P, Zheng Y, Jin Z, Korma SA, Ren N, Zhang N. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus C1 effectively inhibits Penicillium roqueforti: Effects of antimycotic culture supernatant on toxin synthesis and corresponding gene expression. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1076511. [PMID: 36777030 PMCID: PMC9909597 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1076511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, consumers are increasingly concerned about the contamination of food by molds and the addition of chemical preservatives. As natural and beneficial bacteria, probiotics are a prospective alternative in food conservation because of their antimycotic activities, although the mechanism has not been explained fully at the level of metabolites. This study aimed at investigating the antifungal activities and their mechanisms of five potential probiotic strains (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus C1, Lacticaseibacillus casei M8, Lactobacillus amylolyticus L6, Schleiferilactobacillus harbinensis M1, and Limosilactobacillus fermentum M4) against Penicillium roqueforti, the common type of mold growth on the bread. Results showed that C1 emerged the strongest effectiveness at blocking mycelium growth, damaging the morphology of hyphae and microconidia, decreasing DNA content and interfering in the synthesis of the fungal toxins patulin, roquefortine C and PR-toxin, as well as downregulating the expression of key genes associated with the toxin biosynthesis pathways. Further metabonomic investigation revealed that protocatechuic acid with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.40 mg/mL, may be most likely responsible for positively correlated with the antimycotic effects of C1. Thus, C1 is expected to be both a potentially greatly efficient and environmental antimycotic for controlling P. roqueforti contamination in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei An
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,Innovation and Research Platforms of Life and Health, China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Li Li, ✉
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of Data Science, School of Software Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Zheng
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zekun Jin
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sameh A. Korma
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Namei Ren
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Sheng Q, Yi L, Zhong B, Wu X, Liu L, Zhang B. Shikimic acid biosynthesis in microorganisms: Current status and future direction. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 62:108073. [PMID: 36464143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Shikimic acid (SA), a hydroaromatic natural product, is used as a chiral precursor for organic synthesis of oseltamivir (Tamiflu®, an antiviral drug). The process of microbial production of SA has recently undergone vigorous development. Particularly, the sustainable construction of recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum (141.2 g/L) and Escherichia coli (87 g/L) laid a solid foundation for the microbial fermentation production of SA. However, its industrial application is restricted by limitations such as the lack of fermentation tests for industrial-scale and the requirement of growth-limiting factors, antibiotics, and inducers. Therefore, the development of SA biosensors and dynamic molecular switches, as well as genetic modification strategies and optimization of the fermentation process based on omics technology could improve the performance of SA-producing strains. In this review, recent advances in the development of SA-producing strains, including genetic modification strategies, metabolic pathway construction, and biosensor-assisted evolution, are discussed and critically reviewed. Finally, future challenges and perspectives for further reinforcing the development of robust SA-producing strains are predicted, providing theoretical guidance for the industrial production of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sheng
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Lingxin Yi
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Bin Zhong
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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10
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Lee SM, Jeong KJ. Advances in Synthetic Biology Tools and Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum as a Platform Host for Recombinant Protein Production. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Kranz A, Polen T, Kotulla C, Arndt A, Bosco G, Bussmann M, Chattopadhyay A, Cramer A, Davoudi CF, Degner U, Diesveld R, Freiherr von Boeselager R, Gärtner K, Gätgens C, Georgi T, Geraths C, Haas S, Heyer A, Hünnefeld M, Ishige T, Kabus A, Kallscheuer N, Kever L, Klaffl S, Kleine B, Kočan M, Koch-Koerfges A, Kraxner KJ, Krug A, Krüger A, Küberl A, Labib M, Lange C, Mack C, Maeda T, Mahr R, Majda S, Michel A, Morosov X, Müller O, Nanda AM, Nickel J, Pahlke J, Pfeifer E, Platzen L, Ramp P, Rittmann D, Schaffer S, Scheele S, Spelberg S, Schulte J, Schweitzer JE, Sindelar G, Sorger-Herrmann U, Spelberg M, Stansen C, Tharmasothirajan A, Ooyen JV, van Summeren-Wesenhagen P, Vogt M, Witthoff S, Zhu L, Eikmanns BJ, Oldiges M, Schaumann G, Baumgart M, Brocker M, Eggeling L, Freudl R, Frunzke J, Marienhagen J, Wendisch VF, Bott M. A manually curated compendium of expression profiles for the microbial cell factory Corynebacterium glutamicum. Sci Data 2022; 9:594. [PMID: 36182956 PMCID: PMC9526701 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01706-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is the major host for the industrial production of amino acids and has become one of the best studied model organisms in microbial biotechnology. Rational strain construction has led to an improvement of producer strains and to a variety of novel producer strains with a broad substrate and product spectrum. A key factor for the success of these approaches is detailed knowledge of transcriptional regulation in C. glutamicum. Here, we present a large compendium of 927 manually curated microarray-based transcriptional profiles for wild-type and engineered strains detecting genome-wide expression changes of the 3,047 annotated genes in response to various environmental conditions or in response to genetic modifications. The replicates within the 927 experiments were combined to 304 microarray sets ordered into six categories that were used for differential gene expression analysis. Hierarchical clustering confirmed that no outliers were present in the sets. The compendium provides a valuable resource for future fundamental and applied research with C. glutamicum and contributes to a systemic understanding of this microbial cell factory.Measurement(s) | Gene Expression Analysis | Technology Type(s) | Two Color Microarray | Factor Type(s) | WT condition A vs. WT condition B • Plasmid-based gene overexpression in parental strain vs. parental strain with empty vector control • Deletion mutant vs. parental strain | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Corynebacterium glutamicum | Sample Characteristic - Environment | laboratory environment | Sample Characteristic - Location | Germany |
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Kranz
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany. .,IBG-4: Bioinformatics, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Tino Polen
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Kotulla
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Annette Arndt
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, D-89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Graziella Bosco
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Bussmann
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ava Chattopadhyay
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Annette Cramer
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, D-89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cedric-Farhad Davoudi
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ursula Degner
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ramon Diesveld
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Kim Gärtner
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Gätgens
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias Georgi
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Geraths
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sabine Haas
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Antonia Heyer
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Max Hünnefeld
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Takeru Ishige
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Armin Kabus
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicolai Kallscheuer
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Larissa Kever
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Simon Klaffl
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Britta Kleine
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Martina Kočan
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Abigail Koch-Koerfges
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kim J Kraxner
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Krug
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Aileen Krüger
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Küberl
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Mohamed Labib
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Lange
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christina Mack
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tomoya Maeda
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Regina Mahr
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Majda
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andrea Michel
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Xenia Morosov
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Olga Müller
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Arun M Nanda
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jens Nickel
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jennifer Pahlke
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Eugen Pfeifer
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Laura Platzen
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Paul Ramp
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Doris Rittmann
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Steffen Schaffer
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sandra Scheele
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Spelberg
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Julia Schulte
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jens-Eric Schweitzer
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Georg Sindelar
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Sorger-Herrmann
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Markus Spelberg
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Corinna Stansen
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Apilaasha Tharmasothirajan
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jan van Ooyen
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Michael Vogt
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Witthoff
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lingfeng Zhu
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernhard J Eikmanns
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, D-89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marco Oldiges
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Georg Schaumann
- SenseUp GmbH, c/o Campus Forschungszentrum, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Meike Baumgart
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Melanie Brocker
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lothar Eggeling
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Roland Freudl
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Julia Frunzke
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jan Marienhagen
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Biology & CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, Universitaetsstr. 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Bott
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany.
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12
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Nagaki K, Kataoka N, Theeragool G, Matsutani M, Ano Y, Matsushita K, Yakushi T. Periplasmic dehydroshikimate dehydratase combined with quinate oxidation in Gluconobacter oxydans for protocatechuate production. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:1151-1159. [PMID: 35675214 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Protocatechuate (3,4-dihydroxybenzoate) has antioxidant properties and is a raw material for the production of muconic acid, which is a key compound in the synthesis of polymers such as nylon and polyethylene terephthalate. Gluconobacter oxydans strain NBRC3244 has a periplasmic system for oxidation of quinate to produce 3-dehydroquinate. Previously, a periplasmic 3-dehydroshikimate production system was constructed by heterologously expressing Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus dehydroquinate dehydratase in the periplasm of G. oxydans strain NBRC3244. 3-Dehydroshikimate is converted to protocatechuate by dehydration. In this study, we constructed a G. oxydans strain that expresses the Acinetobacter baylyi quiC gene, which encodes a dehydroshikimate dehydratase of which the subcellular localization is likely the periplasm. We attempted to produce protocatechuate by co-cultivation of two recombinant G. oxydans strains-one expressing the periplasmically targeted dehydroquinate dehydratase and the other expressing A. baylyi dehydroshikimate dehydratase. The co-cultivation system produced protocatechuate from quinate in a nearly quantitative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakeru Nagaki
- Joint Degree Program of Kasetsart University and Yamaguchi University, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Naoya Kataoka
- Division of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Gunjana Theeragool
- Joint Degree Program of Kasetsart University and Yamaguchi University, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Yoshitaka Ano
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Matsushita
- Division of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Yakushi
- Joint Degree Program of Kasetsart University and Yamaguchi University, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Division of Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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13
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High-Level Production of Catechol from Glucose by Engineered Escherichia coli. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8070344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Catechol (CA) is an aromatic compound with important applications in the fine chemical and pharmaceutical fields. As an alternative strategy to petroleum-based chemical synthesis, the production of catechol by using microbial cell factories has attracted great interest. However, the toxicity of catechol to microbial cells significantly limits the efficient production of bio-based catechol via one-step fermentation. Therefore, in this study, a two-step strategy for the efficient synthesis of CA was designed. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) was first efficiently produced by the engineered Escherichia coli strain AAA01 via fermentation, and then PCA in the fermentative broth was converted into CA by the whole-cell biocatalyst AAA12 with PCA decarboxylase. By optimizing the expression of flavin isoprenyl transferases and protocatechuic acid decarboxylases, the titer of CA increased from 3.4 g/L to 15.8 g/L in 12 h through whole-cell biocatalysis, with a 365% improvement; after further optimizing the reaction conditions for whole-cell biocatalysis, the titer of CA achieved 17.7 g/L within 3 h, which is the highest titer reported so far. This work provides an effective strategy for the green biomanufacturing of toxic compounds by Escherichia coli cell factories.
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14
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Shmonova EA, Savrasova EA, Fedorova EN, Doroshenko VG. Comparative Analysis of Catabolic and Anabolic Dehydroshikimate Dehydratases for 3,4-DHBA Production in Escherichia coli. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071357. [PMID: 35889076 PMCID: PMC9324987 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA or protocatechuate) is a relevant task owing to 3,4-DHBA’s pharmaceutical properties and its use as a precursor for subsequent synthesis of high value-added chemicals. The microbial production of 3,4-DHBA using dehydroshikimate dehydratase (DSD) (EC: 4.2.1.118) has been demonstrated previously. DSDs from soil-dwelling organisms (where DSD is involved in quinate/shikimate degradation) and from Bacillus spp. (synthesizing the 3,4-DHBA-containing siderophore) were compared in terms of the kinetic properties and their ability to produce 3,4-DHBA. Catabolic DSDs from Corynebacterium glutamicum (QsuB) and Neurospora crassa (Qa-4) had higher Km (1 and 0.6 mM, respectively) and kcat (61 and 220 s−1, respectively) than biosynthetic AsbF from Bacillus thuringiensis (Km~0.04 mM, kcat~1 s−1). Product inhibition was found to be a crucial factor when choosing DSD for strain development. AsbF was more inhibited by 3,4-DHBA (IC50~0.08 mM), and Escherichia coli MG1655 ΔaroE PlacUV5-asbFattφ80 strain provided only 0.2 g/L 3,4-DHBA in test-tube fermentation. Isogenic strains MG1655 ΔaroE PlacUV5-qsuBattφ80 and MG1655 ΔaroE PlacUV5-qa-4attφ80 expressing QsuB and Qa-4 with IC50 ~0.35 mM and ~0.64 mM, respectively, accumulated 2.7 g/L 3,4-DHBA under the same conditions.
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15
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Xu KX, Xue MG, Li Z, Ye BC, Zhang B. Recent Progress on Feasible Strategies for Arbutin Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:914280. [PMID: 35615473 PMCID: PMC9125391 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.914280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbutin is a hydroquinone glucoside and a natural product present in various plants. Arbutin potently inhibits melanin formation. This property has been exploited in whitening cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Arbutin production relies mainly on chemical synthesis. The multi-step and complicated process can compromise product purity. With the increasing awareness of sustainable development, the current research direction prioritizes environment-friendly, biobased arbutin production. In this review, current strategies for arbutin production are critically reviewed, with a focus on plant extraction, chemical synthesis, biotransformation, and microbial fermentation. Furthermore, the bottlenecks and perspectives for future direction on arbutin biosynthesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xin Xu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resource, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Meng-Ge Xue
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resource, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resource, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- College of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resource, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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16
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Rational Engineering of Non-Ubiquinone Containing Corynebacterium glutamicum for Enhanced Coenzyme Q10 Production. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050428. [PMID: 35629932 PMCID: PMC9145305 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipid-soluble compound with important physiological functions and is sought after in the food and cosmetic industries owing to its antioxidant properties. In our previous proof of concept, we engineered for CoQ10 biosynthesis the industrially relevant Corynebacterium glutamicum, which does not naturally synthesize any CoQ. Here, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis identified two metabolic bottlenecks in the CoQ10 production, i.e., low conversion of the intermediate 10-prenylphenol (10P-Ph) to CoQ10 and the accumulation of isoprenologs with prenyl chain lengths of not only 10, but also 8 to 11 isopentenyl units. To overcome these limitations, the strain was engineered for expression of the Ubi complex accessory factors UbiJ and UbiK from Escherichia coli to increase flux towards CoQ10, and by replacement of the native polyprenyl diphosphate synthase IspB with a decaprenyl diphosphate synthase (DdsA) to select for prenyl chains with 10 isopentenyl units. The best strain UBI6-Rs showed a seven-fold increased CoQ10 content and eight-fold increased CoQ10 titer compared to the initial strain UBI4-Pd, while the abundance of CoQ8, CoQ9, and CoQ11 was significantly reduced. This study demonstrates the application of the recent insight into CoQ biosynthesis to improve metabolic engineering of a heterologous CoQ10 production strain.
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17
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Labib M, Görtz J, Brüsseler C, Kallscheuer N, Gätgens J, Jupke A, Marienhagen J, Noack S. Metabolic and process engineering for microbial production of protocatechuate with Corynebacterium glutamicum. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4414-4427. [PMID: 34343343 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate (protocatechuate, PCA) is a phenolic compound naturally found in edible vegetables and medicinal herbs. PCA is of high interest in the chemical industry and has wide potential for pharmaceutical applications. We designed and constructed a novel Corynebacterium glutamicum strain to enable the efficient utilization of d-xylose for microbial production of PCA. Shake flask cultivation of the engineered strain showed a maximum PCA titer of 62.1 ± 12.1 mM (9.6 ± 1.9 g L-1 ) from d-xylose as the primary carbon and energy source. The corresponding yield was 0.33 C-mol PCA per C-mol d-xylose, which corresponds to 38% of the maximum theoretical yield. Under growth-decoupled bioreactor conditions, a comparable PCA titer and a total amount of 16.5 ± 1.1 g PCA could be achieved when d-glucose and d-xylose were combined as orthogonal carbon substrates for biocatalyst provision and product synthesis, respectively. Downstream processing of PCA was realized via electrochemically induced crystallization by taking advantage of the pH-dependent properties of PCA. This resulted in a maximum final purity of 95.4%. The established PCA production process represents a highly sustainable approach, which will serve as a blueprint for the bio-based production of other hydroxybenzoic acids from alternative sugar feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Labib
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jonas Görtz
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Aachener Verfahrenstechnik - Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Brüsseler
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicolai Kallscheuer
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jochem Gätgens
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Jupke
- Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Aachener Verfahrenstechnik - Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Marienhagen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Noack
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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Kerbs A, Mindt M, Schwardmann L, Wendisch VF. Sustainable Production of N-methylphenylalanine by Reductive Methylamination of Phenylpyruvate Using Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040824. [PMID: 33924554 PMCID: PMC8070496 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N-alkylated amino acids occur widely in nature and can also be found in bioactive secondary metabolites such as the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin and the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A. To meet the demand for N-alkylated amino acids, they are currently produced chemically; however, these approaches often lack enantiopurity, show low product yields and require toxic reagents. Fermentative routes to N-alkylated amino acids like N-methyl-l-alanine or N-methylantranilate, a precursor of acridone alkaloids, have been established using engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum, which has been used for the industrial production of amino acids for decades. Here, we describe metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum for de novo production of N-methylphenylalanine based on reductive methylamination of phenylpyruvate. Pseudomonas putida Δ-1-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase DpkA containing the amino acid exchanges P262A and M141L showed comparable catalytic efficiencies with phenylpyruvate and pyruvate, whereas the wild-type enzyme preferred the latter substrate over the former. Deletion of the anthranilate synthase genes trpEG and of the genes encoding branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase IlvE and phenylalanine aminotransferase AroT in a strain engineered to overproduce anthranilate abolished biosynthesis of l-tryptophan and l-phenylalanine to accumulate phenylpyruvate. Upon heterologous expression of DpkAP262A,M141L, N-methylphenylalanine production resulted upon addition of monomethylamine to the medium. In glucose-based minimal medium, an N-methylphenylalanine titer of 0.73 ± 0.05 g L−1, a volumetric productivity of 0.01 g L−1 h−1 and a yield of 0.052 g g−1 glucose were reached. When xylose isomerase gene xylA from Xanthomonas campestris and the endogenous xylulokinase gene xylB were expressed in addition, xylose as sole carbon source supported production of N-methylphenylalanine to a titer of 0.6 ± 0.04 g L−1 with a volumetric productivity of 0.008 g L−1 h−1 and a yield of 0.05 g g−1 xylose. Thus, a fermentative route to sustainable production of N-methylphenylalanine by recombinant C. glutamicum has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kerbs
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Melanie Mindt
- BU Bioscience, Wagenigen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Lynn Schwardmann
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Volker F. Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (A.K.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-521-106-5611
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Burgardt A, Moustafa A, Persicke M, Sproß J, Patschkowski T, Risse JM, Peters-Wendisch P, Lee JH, Wendisch VF. Coenzyme Q 10 Biosynthesis Established in the Non-Ubiquinone Containing Corynebacterium glutamicum by Metabolic Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:650961. [PMID: 33859981 PMCID: PMC8042324 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.650961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) serves as an electron carrier in aerobic respiration and has become an interesting target for biotechnological production due to its antioxidative effect and benefits in supplementation to patients with various diseases. For the microbial production, so far only bacteria have been used that naturally synthesize CoQ10 or a related CoQ species. Since the whole pathway involves many enzymatic steps and has not been fully elucidated yet, the set of genes required for transfer of CoQ10 synthesis to a bacterium not naturally synthesizing CoQ species remained unknown. Here, we established CoQ10 biosynthesis in the non-ubiquinone-containing Gram-positive Corynebacterium glutamicum by metabolic engineering. CoQ10 biosynthesis involves prenylation and, thus, requires farnesyl diphosphate as precursor. A carotenoid-deficient strain was engineered to synthesize an increased supply of the precursor molecule farnesyl diphosphate. Increased farnesyl diphosphate supply was demonstrated indirectly by increased conversion to amorpha-4,11-diene. To provide the first CoQ10 precursor decaprenyl diphosphate (DPP) from farnesyl diphosphate, DPP synthase gene ddsA from Paracoccus denitrificans was expressed. Improved supply of the second CoQ10 precursor, para-hydroxybenzoate (pHBA), resulted from metabolic engineering of the shikimate pathway. Prenylation of pHBA with DPP and subsequent decarboxylation, hydroxylation, and methylation reactions to yield CoQ10 was achieved by expression of ubi genes from Escherichia coli. CoQ10 biosynthesis was demonstrated in shake-flask cultivation and verified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CoQ10 production in a non-ubiquinone-containing bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Burgardt
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ayham Moustafa
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marcus Persicke
- Technology Platform Genomics, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jens Sproß
- Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Patschkowski
- Technology Platform Genomics, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Joe Max Risse
- Fermentation Technology, Technical Faculty and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Petra Peters-Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jin-Ho Lee
- Major in Food Science & Biotechnology, School of Food Biotechnology & Nutrition, Kyungsung University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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