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Lei X, Li P, Abd El-Aty AM, Zhao J, Xu L, Gao S, Li J, Zhao Y, She Y, Jin F, Wang J, Zheng L, Hammock BD, Jin M. Generation of a highly specific recombinant full-length antibody for detecting ethirimol in fruit and environmental water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134067. [PMID: 38513441 PMCID: PMC11062638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
High-performance antibodies are core reagents for highly sensitive immunoassays. Herein, based on a novel hapten, a hybridoma secreting the high-affinity anti-ethirimol monoclonal antibody (mAb-14G5F6) was isolated with an IC50 value of 1.35 μg/L and cross-reactivity below 0.20% for 13 analogs. To further address the challenge of hybridoma preservation and antibody immortalization, a recombinant full-length antibody (rAb-14G5F6) was expressed using the HEK293(F) expression system based on the mAb-14G5F6 gene. The affinity, specificity, and tolerance of rAb-14G5F6, as characterized by indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and noncompetitive surface plasmon resonance, exhibited high concordance with those of mAb-14G5F6. Further immunoassays based on rAb-14G5F6 were developed for irrigation water and strawberry fruit with limits of detection of 0.0066 and 0.036 mg/kg, respectively, recoveries of 80100%, and coefficients of variation below 10%. Furthermore, homology simulation and molecular docking revealed that GLU(L40), GLY(L107), GLY(H108), and ASP(H114) play important roles in forming hydrogen bonds and pi-anion ionic bonds between rAb-14G5F6 and ethirimol, resulting in the high specificity and affinity of rAb-14G5F6 for ethirimol, with a KD of 5.71 × 10-10 mol/L. Overall, a rAb specific for ethirimol was expressed successfully in this study, laying the groundwork for rAb-based immunoassays for monitoring fungicide residues in agricultural products and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Lei
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lingyuan Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Song Gao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jia Li
- Jinhua Miaozhidizhi Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongxin She
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fen Jin
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lufei Zheng
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology & Nematology and the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maojun Jin
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Research Center of Quality Standards for Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
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Kim C, Kim H, Park JS, Park J, Oh J, Yoon J, Baek K. High-level production and purification of bioactive recombinant human activin A in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:218-225. [PMID: 37222635 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2214932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Activin A, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, is a homodimer of the inhibin βΑ subunit that plays a diversity of roles in biological processes. Because of its multiple functions, significant efforts have been made to produce activin A, however, unsatisfactory results were obtained due to its low level of expression. In this study, a stable CHO cell line exhibiting high expression of rhActivin A was isolated and production of rhActivin A was achieved using the cell line from 11-day fed-batch cultures in a 7.5 L bioreactor. The production rate was 0.22 g/L, substantially higher than those reported in previous studies. The culture supernatant of the bioreactor was used to purify rhActivin A (purity: >99%, recovery rate: 47%). The purified rhActivin A exhibited biological activity, with an EC50 of 3.893 ng/mL and a specific activity of 1.38 × 103 IU/mg. The control of process-related impurities in the purified rhActivin A was successful and met the USP recommendations for use in cell therapy. Thus, our production and purification methods were appropriate for large-scale GMP-grade rhActivin A production, which can be used for various purposes including cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changin Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | | | | | - Jiwon Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Oh
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | | | - Kwanghee Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
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Misorin AK, Chernyshova DO, Karbyshev MS. State-of-the-Art Approaches to Heterologous Expression of Bispecific Antibodies Targeting Solid Tumors. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1215-1231. [PMID: 37770390 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923090031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are some of the most promising biotherapeutics due to the versatility provided by their structure and functional features. bsAbs simultaneously bind two antigens or two epitopes on the same antigen. Moreover, they are capable of directing immune effector cells to cancer cells and delivering various compounds (radionuclides, toxins, and immunologic agents) to the target cells, thus offering a broad spectrum of clinical applications. Current review is focused on the technologies used in bsAb engineering, current progress and prospects of these antibodies, and selection of various heterologous expression systems for bsAb production. We also discuss the platforms development of bsAbs for the therapy of solid tumors.
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Lukšić F, Mijakovac A, Josipović G, Vičić Bočkor V, Krištić J, Cindrić A, Vinicki M, Rokić F, Vugrek O, Lauc G, Zoldoš V. Long-Term Culturing of FreeStyle 293-F Cells Affects Immunoglobulin G Glycome Composition. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1245. [PMID: 37627310 PMCID: PMC10452533 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of IgG regulates the effector function of this antibody in the immune response. Glycosylated IgG is a potent therapeutic used for both research and clinical purposes. While there is ample research on how different cell culture conditions affect IgG glycosylation, the data are missing on the stability of IgG glycome during long cell passaging, i.e., cell "aging". To test this, we performed three independent time course experiments in FreeStyle 293-F cells, which secrete IgG with a human-like glycosylation pattern and are frequently used to generate defined IgG glycoforms. During long-term cell culturing, IgG glycome stayed fairly stable except for galactosylation, which appeared extremely variable. Cell transcriptome analysis revealed no correlation in galactosyltransferase B4GALT1 expression with galactosylation change, but with expression of EEF1A1 and SLC38A10, genes previously associated with IgG galactosylation through GWAS. The FreeStyle 293-F cell-based system for IgG production is a good model for studies of mechanisms underlying IgG glycosylation, but results from the present study point to the utmost importance of the need to control IgG galactosylation in both in vitro and in vivo systems. This is especially important for improving the production of precisely glycosylated IgG for therapeutic purposes, since IgG galactosylation affects the inflammatory potential of IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fran Lukšić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anika Mijakovac
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Josipović
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedrana Vičić Bočkor
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ana Cindrić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Vinicki
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Filip Rokić
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Oliver Vugrek
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Zoldoš
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Zhou J, Yan GG, Cluckey D, Meade C, Ruth M, Sorm R, Tam AS, Lim S, Petridis C, Lin L, D’Antona AM, Zhong X. Exploring Parametric and Mechanistic Differences between Expi293F TM and ExpiCHO-S TM Cells for Transient Antibody Production Optimization. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:53. [PMID: 37606437 PMCID: PMC10443273 DOI: 10.3390/antib12030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapidly producing drug-like antibody therapeutics for lead molecule discovery and candidate optimization is typically accomplished by large-scale transient gene expression technologies (TGE) with cultivated mammalian cells. The TGE methodologies have been extensively developed over the past three decades, yet produce significantly lower yields than the stable cell line approach, facing the technical challenge of achieving universal high expression titers for a broad range of antibodies and therapeutics modalities. In this study, we explored various parameters for antibody production in the TGE cell host Expi293FTM and ExpiCHO-STM with the transfection reagents ExpiFectamineTM and polyethylenimine. We discovered that there are significant differences between Expi293FTM and ExpiCHO-STM cells with regards to DNA complex formation time and ratio, complex formation buffers, DNA complex uptake trafficking routes, responses to dimethyl sulfoxide and cell cycle inhibitors, as well as light-chain isotype expression preferences. This investigation mechanistically dissected the TGE processes and provided a new direction for future transient antibody production optimization.
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Sun H, Wang S, Lu M, Tinberg CE, Alba BM. Protein production from HEK293 cell line-derived stable pools with high protein quality and quantity to support discovery research. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285971. [PMID: 37267316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based therapeutics and recombinant protein reagents are often produced in mammalian expression systems, which provide human-like post-translational modifications. Among the available mammalian cell lines used for recombinant protein expression, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived suspension cells are generally utilized because they are easy to culture and tend to produce proteins in high yield. However, some proteins purified from CHO cell overexpression suffer from clipping and display undesired non-human post translational modifications (PTMs). In addition, CHO cell lines are often not suitable for producing proteins with many glycosylation motifs for structural biology studies, as N-linked glycosylation of proteins poses challenges for structure determination by X-ray crystallography. Hence, alternative and complementary cell lines are required to address these issues. Here, we present a robust method for expressing proteins in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293)-derived stable pools, leading to recombinant protein products with much less clipped species compared to those expressed in CHO cells and with higher yield compared to those expressed in transiently-transfected HEK293 cells. Importantly, the stable pool generation protocol is also applicable to HEK293S GnTI- (N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I-negative) and Expi293F GnTI- suspension cells, facilitating production of high yields of proteins with less complex glycans for use in structural biology projects. Compared to HEK293S GnTI- stable pools, Expi293F GnTI- stable pools consistently produce proteins with similar or higher expression levels. HEK293-derived stable pools can lead to a significant cost reduction and greatly promote the production of high-quality proteins for diverse research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Biologic Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Songyu Wang
- Biologic Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mei Lu
- Biologic Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Christine E Tinberg
- Biologic Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin M Alba
- Biologic Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Villarraza J, Fuselli A, Gugliotta A, Garay E, Rodríguez MC, Fontana D, Antuña S, Gastaldi V, Battagliotti JM, Tardivo MB, Alvarez D, Castro E, Cassataro J, Ceaglio N, Prieto C. A COVID-19 vaccine candidate based on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and immune-stimulating complexes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3429-3441. [PMID: 37093307 PMCID: PMC10124706 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Spike protein from SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of the COVID-19 pandemic disease, constitutes a structural protein that proved to be the main responsible for neutralizing antibody production. Thus, its sequence is highly considered for the design of candidate vaccines. Animal cell culture represents the best option for the production of subunit vaccines based on recombinant proteins since they introduce post-translational modifications that are important to mimic the natural antigenic epitopes. Particularly, the human cell line HEK293T has been explored and used for the production of biotherapeutics since the products derived from them present human-like post-translational modifications that are important for the protein's activity and immunogenicity. The aim of this study was to produce and characterize a potential vaccine for COVID-19 based on the spike ectodomain (S-ED) of SARS-CoV-2 and two different adjuvants: aluminum hydroxide (AH) and immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs). The S-ED was produced in sHEK293T cells using a 1-L stirred tank bioreactor operated in perfusion mode and purified. S-ED characterization revealed the expected size and morphology. High N-glycan content was confirmed. S-ED-specific binding with the hACE2 (human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) receptor was verified. The immunogenicity of S-ED was evaluated using AH and ISCOMs. Both formulations demonstrated the presence of anti-RBD antibodies in the plasma of immunized mice, being significantly higher for the latter adjuvant. Also, higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 were detected after the ex vivo immune stimulation of spleen-derived MNCs from ISCOMs immunized mice. Further analysis confirmed that S-ED/ISCOMs elicit neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. KEY POINTS: Trimeric SARS-CoV-2 S-ED was produced in stable recombinant sHEK cells in serum-free medium. A novel S-ED vaccine formulation induced potent humoral and cellular immunity. S-ED formulated with ISCOMs adjuvant elicited a highly neutralizing antibody titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Villarraza
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Antonela Fuselli
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Agustina Gugliotta
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Ernesto Garay
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Diego Fontana
- Biotecnofe S.A. PTLC, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
- UNL, FBCB, Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Victoria Gastaldi
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
- Biotecnofe S.A. PTLC, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | | | - Diego Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juliana Cassataro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Ceaglio
- UNL, CONICET, FBCB, Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Claudio Prieto
- Biotecnofe S.A. PTLC, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
- UNL, FBCB, Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
- Cellargen Biotech SRL, Santa Fe, Pcia., Santa Fe, Argentina
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Rodríguez MC, Ceaglio N, Gugliotta A, Villarraza J, Garay E, Fuselli A, Gastaldi V, Tardivo MB, Antuña S, Fontana D, Prieto C. Design and optimization of an IgG human ELISA assay reactive to recombinant RBD SARS-CoV-2 protein. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7933-7948. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12254-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Enhanced Production of ECM Proteins for Pharmaceutical Applications Using Mammalian Cells and Sodium Heparin Supplementation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102138. [PMID: 36297573 PMCID: PMC9609459 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The yields of soluble ECM proteins recombinantly produced with mammalian cells can be significantly enhanced by exploiting the stabilizing properties of heparin. Here, we propose a simple and straightforward scalable protocol for the mammalian cell production of ECM proteins with affinity for heparin, using heparin as a supplement. As proof of concept, we have demonstrated the high-level expression of four biomedically relevant human enzymes such as carboxypeptidase Z (CPZ), carboxypeptidase A6 (CPA6), beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2 (ST6GAL1) and thrombin-activable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI). We found a strong linear correlation between the isoelectric point (pI) of a protein and the improvement in protein expression levels upon heparin addition, providing a reference for selecting novel protein targets that would benefit from heparin supplementation. Finally, we demonstrated the compatibility of this approach with a three-step purification strategy that includes an initial heparin affinity purification step. Using CPZ as a representative example, we performed a preparative purification of this enzyme. The purified protein is enzymatically active and can be used for pharmaceutical applications as well as for high-throughput functional and structural studies.
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