1
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Pathiraja D, Cho J, Stougaard P, Choi IG. Enzymatic Process for the Carrageenolytic Bioconversion of Sulfated Polygalactans into β-Neocarrabiose and 3,6-Anhydro-d-galactose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:635-645. [PMID: 36580413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides and anhydro-sugars derived from carrageenan have great potential as functional foods and drugs showing various bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor, and cytotoxic activities. Although preparation of sulfated carrageenan oligosaccharides by chemical and enzymatic processes has been widely reported, preparation of nonsulfated β-neocarrabiose (β-NC2) and the rare sugar 3,6-anhydro-d-galactose (d-AHG) was not reported in the literature. Based on the carrageenan catabolic pathway in marine heterotrophic bacteria, an enzymatic process was designed and constructed with recombinant κ-carrageenase, GH127/GH129 α-1,3 anhydrogalactosidase, and cell-free extract from marine carrageenolytic bacteria Colwellia echini A3T. The process consisted of three successive steps, namely, (i) depolymerization, (ii) desulfation, and (iii) monomerization, by which carrageenan oligosaccharides, β-NC2, and d-AHG were obtained from κ-carrageenan. Unlike the chemical process, enzymatic hydrolysis yields oligosaccharides with the desired degree of polymerization facilitates specific removal of sulfated groups, free of toxic byproducts, and avoids chemical modifications. The final optimized enzymatic process produced 0.52 g of β-NC2 and 0.24 g of d-AHG from 1 g of κ-carrageenan. The carrageenolytic process designed for the enzymatic hydrolysis of κ-carrageenan can be scaled up for the mass production of bioactive carrageeno-oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duleepa Pathiraja
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Junghwan Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Peter Stougaard
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Rockslide, Denmark
| | - In-Geol Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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2
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Robb M, Hobbs JK, Boraston AB. Separation and Visualization of Glycans by Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2657:215-222. [PMID: 37149534 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3151-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) is a method in which a fluorophore is covalently attached to the reducing end of carbohydrates, thereby allowing high-resolution separation by electrophoresis and visualization. This method can be used for carbohydrate profiling and sequencing, as well as for determining the specificity of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Here we describe and demonstrate the use of FACE to separate and visualize the glycans released following digestion of oligosaccharides by glycoside hydrolases (GHs) using two examples: (i) the digestion of chitobiose by the streptococcal β-hexosaminidase GH20C and (ii) the digestion of glycogen by the GH13 member SpuA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Robb
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Joanne K Hobbs
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Alisdair B Boraston
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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3
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Hong Y, Kim YK, Kim GB, Nam GH, Kim SA, Park Y, Yang Y, Kim IS. Degradation of tumour stromal hyaluronan by small extracellular vesicle-PH20 stimulates CD103 + dendritic cells and in combination with PD-L1 blockade boosts anti-tumour immunity. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1670893. [PMID: 31632619 PMCID: PMC6781230 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1670893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly accumulated hyaluronan (HA) not only provides a physiological barrier but also supports an immune-suppressive tumour microenvironment. High-molecular-weight (HMW)-HA inhibits the activation of immune cells and their access into tumour tissues, whereas, low-molecular-weight oligo-HA is known to potentially activate dendritic cells (DCs). In this paper, we investigated whether small extracellular vesicle (EVs)-PH20 hyaluronidase induces tumour HA degradation, which, in turn, activates DCs to promote anti-cancer immune responses. Informed by our previous work, we used a small EV carrying GPI-anchored PH20 hyaluronidase (Exo-PH20) that could deeply penetrate into tumour foci via HA degradation. We found that Exo-PH20-treatment successfully activates the maturation and migration of DCs in vivo, particularly CD103+ DCs leading to the activation of tumour-specific CD8+ T cells, which work together to inhibit tumour growth. Moreover, combination with anti-PD-L1 antibody provided potent tumour-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses as well as elicited prominent tumour growth inhibition both in syngenic and spontaneous breast cancer models, and this anti-tumour immunity was durable. Together, these results present new insights for HA degradation by Exo-PH20, providing a better understanding of oligo HA-triggered immune responses to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsun Hong
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyoung Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Beom Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hoon Nam
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong A Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Park
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosoo Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Glasscock CJ, Yates LE, Jaroentomeechai T, Wilson JD, Merritt JH, Lucks JB, DeLisa MP. A flow cytometric approach to engineering Escherichia coli for improved eukaryotic protein glycosylation. Metab Eng 2018; 47:488-495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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5
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Hamilton BS, Wilson JD, Shumakovich MA, Fisher AC, Brooks JC, Pontes A, Naran R, Heiss C, Gao C, Kardish R, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Azadi P, Cummings RD, Merritt JH, DeLisa MP. A library of chemically defined human N-glycans synthesized from microbial oligosaccharide precursors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15907. [PMID: 29162910 PMCID: PMC5698433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of homogenous glycans in quantitative yields represents a major bottleneck to the production of molecular tools for glycoscience, such as glycan microarrays, affinity resins, and reference standards. Here, we describe a combined biological/enzymatic synthesis that is capable of efficiently converting microbially-derived precursor oligosaccharides into structurally uniform human-type N-glycans. Unlike starting material obtained by chemical synthesis or direct isolation from natural sources, which can be time consuming and costly to generate, our approach involves precursors derived from renewable sources including wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae glycoproteins and lipid-linked oligosaccharides from glycoengineered Escherichia coli. Following deglycosylation of these biosynthetic precursors, the resulting microbial oligosaccharides are subjected to a greatly simplified purification scheme followed by structural remodeling using commercially available and recombinantly produced glycosyltransferases including key N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (e.g., GnTI, GnTII, and GnTIV) involved in early remodeling of glycans in the mammalian glycosylation pathway. Using this approach, preparative quantities of hybrid and complex-type N-glycans including asymmetric multi-antennary structures were generated and subsequently used to develop a glycan microarray for high-throughput, fluorescence-based screening of glycan-binding proteins. Taken together, these results confirm our combined synthesis strategy as a new, user-friendly route for supplying chemically defined human glycans simply by combining biosynthetically-derived precursors with enzymatic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Hamilton
- Glycobia, Inc., 33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 104, Ithaca, New York, 14850, USA
| | - Joshua D Wilson
- Glycobia, Inc., 33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 104, Ithaca, New York, 14850, USA
| | | | - Adam C Fisher
- Glycobia, Inc., 33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 104, Ithaca, New York, 14850, USA
| | - James C Brooks
- Glycobia, Inc., 33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 104, Ithaca, New York, 14850, USA
| | - Alyssa Pontes
- Glycobia, Inc., 33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 104, Ithaca, New York, 14850, USA
| | - Radnaa Naran
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Christian Heiss
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Kardish
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Judith H Merritt
- Glycobia, Inc., 33 Thornwood Drive, Suite 104, Ithaca, New York, 14850, USA
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
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6
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Jones DR, Uddin MS, Gruninger RJ, Pham TTM, Thomas D, Boraston AB, Briggs J, Pluvinage B, McAllister TA, Forster RJ, Tsang A, Selinger LB, Abbott DW. Discovery and characterization of family 39 glycoside hydrolases from rumen anaerobic fungi with polyspecific activity on rare arabinosyl substrates. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12606-12620. [PMID: 28588026 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.789008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme activities that improve digestion of recalcitrant plant cell wall polysaccharides may offer solutions for sustainable industries. To this end, anaerobic fungi in the rumen have been identified as a promising source of novel carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that modify plant cell wall polysaccharides and other complex glycans. Many CAZymes share insufficient sequence identity to characterized proteins from other microbial ecosystems to infer their function; thus presenting challenges to their identification. In this study, four rumen fungal genes (nf2152, nf2215, nf2523, and pr2455) were identified that encode family 39 glycoside hydrolases (GH39s), and have conserved structural features with GH51s. Two recombinant proteins, NF2152 and NF2523, were characterized using a variety of biochemical and structural techniques, and were determined to have distinct catalytic activities. NF2152 releases a single product, β1,2-arabinobiose (Ara2) from sugar beet arabinan (SBA), and β1,2-Ara2 and α-1,2-galactoarabinose (Gal-Ara) from rye arabinoxylan (RAX). NF2523 exclusively releases α-1,2-Gal-Ara from RAX, which represents the first description of a galacto-(α-1,2)-arabinosidase. Both β-1,2-Ara2 and α-1,2-Gal-Ara are disaccharides not previously described within SBA and RAX. In this regard, the enzymes studied here may represent valuable new biocatalytic tools for investigating the structures of rare arabinosyl-containing glycans, and potentially for facilitating their modification in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl R Jones
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Muhammed Salah Uddin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 6T5, Canada
| | - Robert J Gruninger
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Thi Thanh My Pham
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Dallas Thomas
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Alisdair B Boraston
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - Jonathan Briggs
- School of Biology, Ridley Building 2, Newcastle University, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Pluvinage
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Robert J Forster
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Adrian Tsang
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - L Brent Selinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 6T5, Canada
| | - D Wade Abbott
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 6T5, Canada.
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7
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Separation and Visualization of Glycans by Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1588:215-221. [PMID: 28417372 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6899-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) is a method in which a fluorophore is covalently attached to the reducing end of carbohydrates, thereby allowing visualization following high-resolution separation by electrophoresis. This method can be used for carbohydrate profiling and sequencing, as well as for the determination of the specificity of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Here, we describe and demonstrate the use of FACE to separate and visualize the glycans released following digestion of oligosaccharides by glycoside hydrolases (GHs) using two examples: (1) the digestion of chitobiose by the streptococcal β-hexosaminidase GH20C, and (2) the digestion of glycogen by the GH13 member SpuA.
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8
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Taguchi Y, Fujinami D, Kohda D. Comparative Analysis of Archaeal Lipid-linked Oligosaccharides That Serve as Oligosaccharide Donors for Asn Glycosylation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11042-54. [PMID: 27015803 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.713156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosylation of asparagine residues is the predominant protein modification in all three domains of life. An oligosaccharide chain is preassembled on a lipid-phospho carrier and transferred onto asparagine residues by the action of a membrane-bound enzyme, oligosaccharyltransferase. The oligosaccharide donor for the oligosaccharyl transfer reaction is dolichol-diphosphate-oligosaccharide in Eukaryota and polyprenol-diphosphate-oligosaccharide in Eubacteria. The donor in some archaeal species was reportedly dolichol-monophosphate-oligosaccharide. Thus, the difference in the number of phosphate groups aroused interest in whether the use of the dolichol-monophosphate type donors is widespread in the domain Archaea. Currently, all of the archaeal species with identified oligosaccharide donors have belonged to the phylum Euryarchaeota. Here, we analyzed the donor structures of two species belonging to the phylum Crenarchaeota, Pyrobaculum calidifontis and Sulfolobus solfataricus, in addition to two species from the Euryarchaeota, Pyrococcus furiosus and Archaeoglobus fulgidus The electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analyses confirmed that the two euryarchaeal oligosaccharide donors were the dolichol-monophosphate type and newly revealed that the two crenarchaeal oligosaccharide donors were the dolichol-diphosphate type. This novel finding is consistent with the hypothesis that the ancestor of Eukaryota is rooted within the TACK (Thaum-, Aig-, Cren-, and Korarchaeota) superphylum, which includes Crenarchaea. Our comprehensive study also revealed that one archaeal species could contain two distinct oligosaccharide donors for the oligosaccharyl transfer reaction. The A. fulgidus cells contained two oligosaccharide donors bearing oligosaccharide moieties with different backbone structures, and the S. solfataricus cells contained two oligosaccharide donors bearing stereochemically different dolichol chains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daisuke Kohda
- From the Division of Structural Biology and Research Centers for Advanced Immunology and Live-Protein Dynamics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Sharma K, Bhattacharyya D. Immunoglobulin isotype isolated from human placental extract does not interfere in complement-mediated bacterial opsonization within the wound milieu. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:369-77. [PMID: 25984442 PMCID: PMC4431336 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human placental extract has many applications as a wound healer. Immunoglobulin G is a key glycoprotein present in human placental extract. Placental IgG (25.2 ± 3.97 μg/ml) did not exert anti-complementary effects.
The wound healing potency of an aqueous extract of placenta can be evaluated through the presence of numerous regulatory components. The presence of glycans was detected by thin layer chromatography and fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed the existence of multiple fragments of immunoglobulin G (IgG). IgG was present in the extract at a concentration of 25.2 ± 3.97 μg/ml. IgG possesses anti-complementary activity by diverting the complement activation from target surface. Thus, effect of placental IgG on complement–bacteria interaction was investigated through classical and alternative pathway and the preparation was ascertained to be safe with respect to their interference in the process of bacterial opsonization.
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Key Words
- ANTS, 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonate
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BCIP, 5-Bromo 4-Chloro 3′ indolylphosphate
- BHI, Brain–Heart Infusion
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CNBr, cyanogens bromide
- Complement
- EDTA, ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid
- EGTA, ethylene glycol tetra acetic acid
- G6PDH, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- Human placental extract
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- Immunoglobulin
- NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NBT, nitro-blue tetrazolium chloride
- PNGase F, peptide N-glycosidase F
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Sharma
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C.Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 7000032, India
| | - Debasish Bhattacharyya
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C.Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 7000032, India
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Hykollari A, Balog CIA, Rendić D, Braulke T, Wilson IBH, Paschinger K. Mass spectrometric analysis of neutral and anionic N-glycans from a Dictyostelium discoideum model for human congenital disorder of glycosylation CDG IL. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1173-87. [PMID: 23320427 PMCID: PMC3588589 DOI: 10.1021/pr300806b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
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The HL241 mutant strain of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium
discoideum is a potential model for human congenital disorder
of glycosylation type IL (ALG9-CDG) and has been previously predicted
to possess a lower degree of modification of its N-glycans with anionic
moieties than the parental wild-type. In this study, we first showed
that this strain has a premature stop codon in its alg9 mannosyltransferase gene compatible with the occurrence of truncated
N-glycans. These were subject to an optimized analytical workflow,
considering that the mass spectrometry of acidic glycans often presents
challenges due to neutral loss and suppression effects. Therefore,
the protein-bound N-glycans were first fractionated, after serial
enzymatic release, by solid phase extraction. Then primarily single
glycan species were isolated by mixed hydrophilic-interaction/anion-exchange
or reversed-phase HPLC and analyzed using chemical and enzymatic treatments
and MS/MS. We show that protein-linked N-glycans of the mutant are
of reduced size as compared to those of wild-type AX3, but still contain
core α1,3-fucose, intersecting N-acetylglucosamine,
bisecting N-acetylglucosamine, methylphosphate, phosphate,
and sulfate residues. We observe that a single N-glycan can carry
up to four of these six possible modifications. Due to the improved
analytical procedures, we reveal fuller details regarding the N-glycomic
potential of this fascinating model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Hykollari
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, A-1190 Wien, Austria
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11
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Abstract
N-glycans modify the great majority of all secreted and plasma membrane proteins, which themselves constitute one-third to one-half of the proteome. The ultimate definition of the glycoproteome would be the identification of all the N-glycans attached to all the modified asparaginyl sites of all the proteins, but glycosylation heterogeneity makes this an unachievable goal. However, mass spectrometry in combination with other methods does have the power to deeply mine the N-glycome of Dictyostelium, and characterize glycan profiles at individual sites of glycoproteins. Recent studies from our laboratories using mass spectrometry-based methods have confirmed basic precepts of the N-glycome based on prior classical methods using radiotracer methods, and have extended the scope of glycan diversity and the distribution of glycan types across specific glycoprotein attachment sites. The protocols described here simplify studies of the N-glycome and -glycoproteome, which should prove useful for interpreting mutant phenotypes, conducting interstrain and interspecies comparisons, and investigating glycan functions in glycoproteins of interest.
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12
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Laboratory Diagnosis of Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation Type I by Analysis of Transferrin Glycoforms. Mol Diagn Ther 2012; 11:303-11. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03256251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Graham JE, Clark ME, Nadler DC, Huffer S, Chokhawala HA, Rowland SE, Blanch HW, Clark DS, Robb FT. Identification and characterization of a multidomain hyperthermophilic cellulase from an archaeal enrichment. Nat Commun 2011; 2:375. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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14
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Pattison RJ, Amtmann A. N-glycan production in the endoplasmic reticulum of plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2009; 14:92-99. [PMID: 19162525 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
N-glycosylation is a complex process that encompasses the biosynthesis and modification of sugar moieties in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi. The ER-localized steps of N-glycan production in plants have received relatively little attention, despite their emerging roles in stress responses. Here, we integrate information on the molecular components underlying the three stages of N-glycan production: lipid-linked oligosaccharide synthesis, co-translational oligosaccharyl-transfer and quality control of the folded glycoprotein in the ER. The relative importance of each step for N-glycosylation and plant performance is evaluated on the basis of studies with inhibitors and mutant phenotypes. Finally, we highlight the increasing evidence for crosstalk between N-glycan production and defence responses in plants and discuss the practical implications for pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Pattison
- Plant Science Group, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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15
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Marklová E, Albahri Z. Screening and diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 385:6-20. [PMID: 17716641 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Revised: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to review the diagnostics of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), an ever expanding group of diseases. Development delay, neurological, and other clinical abnormalities as well as various non-specific laboratory changes can lead to the first suspicion of the disease. Still common screening test for most CDG types, including CDG Ia, is isoelectric focusing/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (IEF). IEF demonstrates the hypoglycosylation of various glycoproteins, usually serum transferrin. Other methods, such as agarose electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography, micro-column separation combined with turbidimetry, enzyme-(EIA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) have also been used for screening. However, these methods do not recognize all CDG defects, so other approaches including analysis of membrane-linked markers and urine oligosaccharides should be taken. Confirmation of diagnosis and detailed CDG subtyping starts with thorough structure analysis of the affected lipid-linked oligosaccharide or protein-(peptide)-linked-glycan using metabolic labeling and various (possibly mass-spectrometry combined) techniques. Decreased enzyme activity in peripheral leukocytes/cultured fibroblasts or analysis of affected transporters and other functional proteins combined with identification of specific gene mutations confirm the diagnosis. Prenatal diagnosis, based on enzyme assay or mutation analysis, is also available. Peri-/post-mortem investigations of fatal cases are important for genetic counseling. Evaluation of various analytical approaches and proposed algorithms for investigation complete the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliska Marklová
- Charles University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Stylianou M, Triantaphyllidou IE, Vynios DH. Advances in the analysis of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2006; 53:141-66. [PMID: 17239765 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(05)53007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Stylianou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
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