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Kirsch J, Siltanen C, Zhou Q, Revzin A, Simonian A. Biosensor technology: recent advances in threat agent detection and medicine. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8733-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60141b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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2
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Figueroa J, Magaña S, Lim DV, Schlaf R. Antibody immobilization using pneumatic spray: Comparison with the avidin–biotin bridge immobilization method. J Immunol Methods 2012; 386:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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3
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Hu M, Yan J, He Y, Lu H, Weng L, Song S, Fan C, Wang L. Ultrasensitive, multiplexed detection of cancer biomarkers directly in serum by using a quantum dot-based microfluidic protein chip. ACS NANO 2010; 4:488-94. [PMID: 20041634 DOI: 10.1021/nn901404h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and selective detection for cancer biomarkers are critical in cancer clinical diagnostics. Here we developed a microfluidic protein chip for an ultrasensitive and multiplexed assay of cancer biomarkers. Aqueous-phase-synthesized CdTe/CdS quantum dots (aqQDs) were employed as fluorescent signal amplifiers to improve the detection sensitivity. Secondary antibodies (goat anti-mouse IgG) were conjugated to luminescent CdTe/CdS QDs to realize a versatile fluorescent probe that could be used for multiplexed detection in both sandwich and reverse phase immunoassays. We found that our microfluidic protein chip not only possessed ultrahigh femtomolar sensitivity for cancer biomarkers, but was selective enough to be directly used in serum. This protein chip thus combines the high-throughput capabilities of a microfluidic network with the high sensitivity and multicolor imaging ability offered by highly fluorescent QDs, which can become a promising diagnostic tool in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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4
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Sun S, Ossandon M, Kostov Y, Rasooly A. Lab-on-a-chip for botulinum neurotoxin a (BoNT-A) activity analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:3275-81. [PMID: 19865736 PMCID: PMC2849933 DOI: 10.1039/b912097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) was designed, fabricated and tested for the in vitro detection of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT-A) activity using an assay that measures cleavage of a fluorophore-tagged peptide substrate specific for BoNT-A (SNAP-25) by the toxin light chain (LcA). LcA cleavage was detected by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) fluorescence. FRET fluorescence was measured by a newly developed portable charge-coupled device (CCD) fluorescent detector equipped with multi-wavelength light-emitting diodes (LED) illumination. An eight V-junction microchannel device for BoNTs activity assays was constructed using Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) technology. The six-layer device was fabricated with a Poly(methyl methacrylate (PMMA) core and five polycarbonate (PC) layers micromachined by CO2 laser. The LOC is operated by syringe and is equipped with reagents, sample wells, reaction wells, diffusion traps (to avoid cross contamination among channels) and waste reservoirs. The system was detected LcA at concentrations as low as 0.5 nM, which is the reported sensitivity of the SNAP-25 in vitro cleavage assay. Combined with our CCD detector, the simple point of care system enables the detection of BoNTs activity and may be useful for the performance of other complex medical assays without a laboratory. This approach may realize the potential to enhance the quality of health care delivery for underserved populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Sun
- Division of Biology, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, FDA, NIH/NCI, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA6130 Executive Blvd. EPN, Room 6035A Rockville, 20852; Fax: (+301) 402-7819; Tel: (+301) 402-4185
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, MD, 21250
| | - Miguel Ossandon
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20892
| | - Yordan Kostov
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, MD, 21250
| | - Avraham Rasooly
- Division of Biology, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, FDA, NIH/NCI, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA6130 Executive Blvd. EPN, Room 6035A Rockville, 20852; Fax: (+301) 402-7819; Tel: (+301) 402-4185
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20892
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5
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Wojciechowski JR, Shriver-Lake LC, Yamaguchi MY, Füreder E, Pieler R, Schamesberger M, Winder C, Prall HJ, Sonnleitner M, Ligler FS. Organic Photodiodes for Biosensor Miniaturization. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3455-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8027323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Wojciechowski
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, and NanoIdent Technologies AG, Untere Donaulande 21-25, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Lisa C. Shriver-Lake
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, and NanoIdent Technologies AG, Untere Donaulande 21-25, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Mariko Y. Yamaguchi
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, and NanoIdent Technologies AG, Untere Donaulande 21-25, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Erwin Füreder
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, and NanoIdent Technologies AG, Untere Donaulande 21-25, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Roland Pieler
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, and NanoIdent Technologies AG, Untere Donaulande 21-25, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Martin Schamesberger
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, and NanoIdent Technologies AG, Untere Donaulande 21-25, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Winder
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, and NanoIdent Technologies AG, Untere Donaulande 21-25, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Hans Jürgen Prall
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, and NanoIdent Technologies AG, Untere Donaulande 21-25, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Max Sonnleitner
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, and NanoIdent Technologies AG, Untere Donaulande 21-25, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Frances S. Ligler
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, and NanoIdent Technologies AG, Untere Donaulande 21-25, A-4020 Linz, Austria
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6
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Golden JP, Sapsford KE. Fluoroimmunoassays using the NRL array biosensor. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 503:273-292. [PMID: 19151947 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-567-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Array-based biosensor technology offers the user the ability to detect and quantify multiple targets in multiple samples simultaneously (Analytical Sciences 23:5-10, 2007). The NRL Array Biosensor has been developed with the aim of creating a system for sensitive, rapid, on-site screening for multiple targets of interest. This system is fluorescence-based, using evanescent illumination of a waveguide, and has demonstrated the use of both sandwich and competitive immunoassays for the detection of both high and low molecular weight targets, respectively. The current portable, automated system has demonstrated detection of a wide variety of analytes ranging from simple chemical compounds to entire bacterial cells, with applications in food safety, disease diagnosis, homeland security and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel P Golden
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
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7
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Protein Microarrays for the Detection of Biothreats. MICROARRAYS 2009. [PMCID: PMC7122912 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-72719-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although protein microarrays have proven to be an important tool in proteomics research, the technology is emerging as useful for public health and defense applications. Recent progress in the measurement and characterization of biothreat agents is reviewed in this chapter. Details concerning validation of various protein microarray formats, from contact-printed sandwich assays to supported lipid bilayers, are presented. The reviewed technologies have important implications for in vitro characterization of toxin–ligand interactions, serotyping of bacteria, screening of potential biothreat inhibitors, and as core components of biosensors, among others, research and engineering applications.
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Herold KE, Sergeev N, Matviyenko A, Rasooly A. Rapid DNA amplification using a battery-powered thin-film resistive thermocycler. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 504:441-58. [PMID: 19159110 PMCID: PMC2844723 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-569-9_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
A prototype handheld, compact, rapid thermocycler was developed for multiplex analysis of nucleic acids in an inexpensive, portable configuration. Instead of the commonly used Peltier heating/cooling element, electric thin-film resistive heater and a miniature fan enable rapid heating and cooling of glass capillaries leading to a simple, low-cost Thin-Film Resistive Thermocycler (TFRT). Computer-based pulse width modulation control yields heating rates of 6-7 K/s and cooling rates of 5 K/s. The four capillaries are closely coupled to the heater, resulting in low power consumption. The energy required by a nominal PCR cycle (20 s at each temperature) was found to be 57+/-2 J yielding an average power of approximately 1.0 W (not including the computer and the control system). Thus the device can be powered by a standard 9 V alkaline battery (or other 9 V power supply). The prototype TFRT was demonstrated (in a benchtop configuration) for detection of three important food pathogens (E. coli ETEC, Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella enterica). PCR amplicons were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. The 35 cycle PCR protocol using a single channel was completed in less then 18 min. Simple and efficient heating/cooling, low cost, rapid amplification, and low power consumption make the device suitable for portable DNA amplification applications including clinical point of care diagnostics and field use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith E Herold
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Shriver-Lake LC, Charles PT, Taitt CR. Immobilization of biomolecules onto silica and silica-based surfaces for use in planar array biosensors. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 504:419-440. [PMID: 19159109 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-569-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Several methods are described in which a biological recognition molecule--a critical element in any biosensor--is immobilized onto a silica or silica-based sensing substrate. Although several variations are described, the methods for covalent immobilization share a common theme and are generally composed of three steps: modification of the surface to add specific functional groups (using appropriate silanes or an amine or carboxyl-containing hydrogel), covalent attachment of a crosslinker through one of its reactive moieties, and finally, covalent linking of the biomolecule (recognition element) to the remaining reactive moiety of the crosslinker. One final method is presented in which the surface is modified with a highly hydrophobic silane and a glycolipid recognition element immobilized, essentially irreversibly, by hydrophobic interactions. All of the methods described have been successfully used to immobilize biological recognition molecules onto sensing surfaces, with full functionality in biosensor-binding assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Shriver-Lake
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science & Engineering, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
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10
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A fluorescence detection platform using spatial electroluminescent excitation for measuring botulinum neurotoxin A activity. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:618-25. [PMID: 18644709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Current biodetection illumination technologies (laser, LED, tungsten lamp, etc.) are based on spot illumination with additional optics required when spatial excitation is required. Herein we describe a new approach of spatial illumination based on electroluminescence (EL) semiconductor strips available in several wavelengths, greatly simplifying the biosensor design by eliminating the need for additional optics. This work combines EL excitation with charge-coupled device (CCD) based detection (EL-CCD detector) of fluorescence for developing a simple portable detector for botulinum neurotoxin A (BoTN-A) activity analysis. A Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) activity assay for BoTN-A was used to both characterize and optimize the EL-CCD detector. The system consists of two modules: (1) the detection module which houses the CCD camera and emission filters, and (2) the excitation and sample module, containing the EL strip, the excitation filter and the 9-well sample chip. The FRET activity assay used in this study utilized a FITC/DABCYL-SNAP-25 peptide substrate in which cleavage of the substrate by BoTN-A, or its light chain derivative (LcA), produced an increase in fluorescence emission. EL-CCD detector measured limits of detection (LODs) were similar to those measured using a standard fluorescent plate reader with valves between 0.625 and 1.25 nM (31-62 ng/ml) for LcA and 0.313 nM (45 ng/ml) for the full toxin, BoTN-A. As far as the authors are aware this is the first demonstration of phosphor-based EL strips being used for the spatial illumination/excitation of a surface, coupled with CCD for point of care detection.
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11
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Soto CM, Martin BD, Sapsford KE, Blum AS, Ratna BR. Toward single molecule detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B: mobile sandwich immunoassay on gliding microtubules. Anal Chem 2008; 80:5433-40. [PMID: 18543949 DOI: 10.1021/ac800541x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An immunoassay based on gliding microtubules (MTs) is described for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Detection is performed in a sandwich immunoassay format. Gliding microtubules carry the antigen-specific "capture" antibody, and bound analyte is detected using a fluorescent viral scaffold as the tracer. A detailed modification scheme for the MTs postpolymerization is described along with corresponding quantification by fluorescence spectroscopy. The resultant antibody-MTs maintain their morphology and gliding capabilities. We report a limit of detection down to 0.5 ng/mL during active transport in a 30 min assay time and down to 1 ng/mL on static surfaces. This study demonstrates the kinesin/MT-mediated capture, transport, and detection of the biowarfare agent SEB in a microfluidic format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa M Soto
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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Simpson-Stroot JM, Kearns EA, Stroot PG, Magaña S, Lim DV. Monitoring biosensor capture efficiencies: development of a model using GFP-expressing Escherichia coli O157:H7. J Microbiol Methods 2007; 72:29-37. [PMID: 18096260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the known limitations for biosensor assays is the high limit of detection for target cells within complex samples (e.g., Escherichia coli at 10(4) to 10(5) CFU/mL) due to poor capture efficiencies. Currently, researchers can only estimate the cell capture efficiency necessary to produce a positive signal for any type of biosensor using either cumbersome techniques or regression modeling. To solve this problem, green fluorescent protein (GFP) transformed E. coli O157:H7 was used to develop a novel method for directly and easily measuring the cell capture efficiency of any given biosensor platform. For demonstration purposes, E. coli-GFP was assayed on both fiber optic and planar waveguide biosensor platforms. Cells were enumerated using an epifluorescent microscope and digital camera to determine the number of cells captured on the surfaces. Conversion algorithms were used with these digital images to determine the cell density of entire waveguide surface areas. For E. coli-GFP, the range of cell capture efficiency was between 0.4 and 1.2%. This indicates that although the developed model works for calculating cell capture, there is still need for significant improvements in capture methods themselves, to increase the capture efficiency and thereby lower detection limits. The use of GFP-transformed target cells and cell capture efficiency calculations can facilitate the development and optimization processes by allowing direct enumeration of new biosensor design configurations and sample processing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce M Simpson-Stroot
- Division of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620-5200, USA.
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13
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Rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 spiked into food matrices. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 584:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Bally M, Halter M, Vörös J, Grandin HM. Optical microarray biosensing techniques. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Sapsford KE, Soto CM, Blum AS, Chatterji A, Lin T, Johnson JE, Ligler FS, Ratna BR. A cowpea mosaic virus nanoscaffold for multiplexed antibody conjugation: application as an immunoassay tracer. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 21:1668-73. [PMID: 16216488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2005] [Revised: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 09/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), an icosahedral 30 nm virus, offers a uniquely programmable biological nanoscaffold. This study reports initial optimization of the simultaneous modification of two CPMV mutants with AlexaFluor 647 fluorescent dyes and either IgG proteins or antibodies at specific sites on the virus scaffold. The capacity of CPMV as a simultaneous carrier for different types of molecules was demonstrated, specifically, when applied as a tracer in direct and sandwich immunoassays. The ability to label the virus capsid with antibody and up to 60 fluorescent dyes resulted in an improved limit of detection in SEB sandwich immunoassays, when used as a tracer, relative to a mole equivalent of dye-labeled antibody.
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