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Liu Z, Trifonova D, Tulaeva I, Riabova K, Karsonova A, Kozlov E, Elisyutina O, Khaitov M, Focke-Tejkl M, Chen TH, Karaulov A, Valenta R. Albumins represent highly cross-reactive animal allergens. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241518. [PMID: 37928538 PMCID: PMC10623431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumins from animals are highly cross-reactive allergens for patients suffering from immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy. Approximately 20-30% of cat and dog allergic patients show IgE reactivity and mount IgE-mediated allergic reactions to cat and dog albumin. It is astonishing that allergic patients can develop specific IgE responses against animal albumins because these proteins exhibit a more than 70% sequence identity to human serum albumin (HSA) which is the most abundant protein in the blood of the human body. The sequence identity of cat albumin (Fel d 2) and dog albumin (Can f 3) and HSA are 82% and 80%, respectively. Given the high degree of sequence identity between the latter two allergens and HSA one would expect that immunological tolerance would prohibit IgE sensitization to Fel d 2 and Can f 3. Here we discuss two possibilities for how IgE sensitization to Fel d 2 and Can f 3 may develop. One possibility is the failed development of immune tolerance in albumin-allergic patients whereas the other possibility is highly selective immune tolerance to HSA but not to Fel d 2 and Can f 3. If the first assumption is correct it should be possible to detect HSA-specific T cell responses and HSA-containing immune complexes in sensitized patients. In the latter scenario few differences in the sequences of Fel d 2 and Can f 3 as compared to HSA would be responsible for the development of selective T cell and B cell responses towards Fel d 2 as well as Can f 3. However, the immunological mechanisms of albumin sensitization have not yet been investigated in detail although this will be important for the development of allergen-specific prevention and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) strategies for allergy to albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Liu
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daria Trifonova
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna Tulaeva
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenja Riabova
- Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonina Karsonova
- Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Kozlov
- Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Elisyutina
- National Research Center, NRCI Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Musa Khaitov
- National Research Center, NRCI Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University of Healthcare, Krems, Austria
| | | | - Alexander Karaulov
- Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- National Research Center, NRCI Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Karl Landsteiner University of Healthcare, Krems, Austria
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2
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Chen S, Liu J. Associations between endometriosis and allergy-related diseases as well as different specific immunoglobulin E allergy: A cross-sectional study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:665-674. [PMID: 36419221 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the associations between endometriosis and different kinds of allergy-related diseases as well as different specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) allergy. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1332 female participants ≥20 years and divided them into the endometriosis group (n = 97) and the nonendometriosis group (n = 1235). The confounders were obtained by comparing the differences of variables in groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the associations between endometriosis and allergy-related diseases as well as different specific IgE allergy. Subgroup analysis were performed in age, body mass index (BMI), and pregnancy history. RESULTS After adjusting for confounders, increased risk of allergy (odd ratios [OR] = 2.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-3.47), hay fever (OR = 2.31, 95%CI: 1.32-4.06), and dog-specific IgE (OR = 2.13, 95%CI: 1.03-4.41) were observed in females with endometriosis. Among females aged between 30 and 39 years, the risk of allergy (OR = 3.51, 95%CI: 1.07-11.56), hay fever (OR = 3.26, 95%CI: 1.08-9.83), and dog-specific IgE (OR = 4.39, 95%CI: 1.02-18.88) was increased in patients with endometriosis compared with those without. In terms of females aged 40 to 49 years, the risk of hay fever was increased in patients with endometriosis. For females with BMI of 25-30 kg/m2 , the risk of allergy was increased in patients with endometriosis. Increased risk of allergy, hay fever, and dog-specific IgE was observed in females with a history of pregnancy. CONCLUSION Endometriosis was associated with higher risk of allergy, hay fever, and dog dander. Special care should be provided for patients with endometriosis for the potential risk of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuozhen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Özuygur Ermis SS, Borres MP, Basna R, Ekerljung L, Malmhäll C, Goksör E, Wennergren G, Rådinger M, Lötvall J, Lundbäck B, Kankaanranta H, Nwaru BI. Sensitization to molecular dog allergens in an adult population: Results from the West Sweden Asthma Study. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:88-104. [PMID: 35984703 PMCID: PMC10087160 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the prevalence of dog allergy rises, component resolved diagnosis might improve the diagnosis, understanding of the clinical outcomes and the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Considering the paucity of data in adults, the current study characterized the patterns of sensitization to dog molecular allergens in an adult population. METHODS Data were derived from the West Sweden Asthma Study, a population-based and representative sample of adults from western Sweden. Of the 2006 subjects clinically examined, 313 participants sensitized to whole dog allergen extract were measured for specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels to Can f 1, Can f 2, Can f 3, Can f 4, Can f 5 and Can f 6 using ImmunoCAP™. Polysensitization was defined as sensitization to ≥3 components. Overlapping sensitization was defined as having concomitant sensitization to at least two dog molecular allergen families (lipocalin, albumin or prostatic kallikrein). RESULTS Of 313, 218 (70%) subjects tested positive to at least one dog allergen component. Sensitization to Can f 1 (43%) was the most common, followed by Can f 5 (33%) among molecular allergens, while sensitization to lipocalins (56%) was the most common among component families. Polysensitization was found in 22% of all participants and was more common in participants with than in those without asthma. Subjects with asthma were less likely to be monosensitized to Can f 5 than those without asthma. Subjects with asthma had higher IgE levels of Can f 3, Can f 4 and Can f 6 than those without asthma. Overlapping sensitizations also differed between those with asthma and allergic rhinitis and those without. CONCLUSION Increased knowledge about the sensitization patterns of dog allergen components can aid in defining their role in asthma and rhinitis. In complex clinical cases of dog allergy, a detailed analysis of dog allergen components can provide additional information on the nature of sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Selin Özuygur Ermis
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Magnus P Borres
- ImmunoDiagnostics, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rani Basna
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Ekerljung
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Malmhäll
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Goksör
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Wennergren
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Lundbäck
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hannu Kankaanranta
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Bright I Nwaru
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Chang X, Krenger P, Krueger CC, Zha L, Han J, Yermanos A, Roongta S, Mohsen MO, Oxenius A, Vogel M, Bachmann MF. TLR7 Signaling Shapes and Maintains Antibody Diversity Upon Virus-Like Particle Immunization. Front Immunol 2022; 12:827256. [PMID: 35126381 PMCID: PMC8807482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.827256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are used in different marketed vaccines and are able to induce potent antibody responses. The innate pattern recognition receptors TLR7/8 recognize single stranded (ss) RNA naturally packaged into some VLPs and have been shown to enhance the production of IgG antibodies upon immunization. Here we demonstrate that, upon immunization with RNA-loaded bacteriophage-derived VLP Qβ, TLR7 signaling accelerates germinal center formation, promotes affinity/avidity maturation of VLP-specific IgG and isotype switching to IgG2b/2c. These findings extrapolated to antigens displayed on Qβ; as Fel d 1, the major cat allergen, chemically attached to Qβ also induced higher affinity/avidity IgG2b/2c antibodies in a TLR7-dependent fashion. Chimeric mice lacking TLR7-expression exclusively in B cells demonstrated that the enhanced IgG responses were driven by a B cell intrinsic mechanism. Importantly, deep sequencing of the BCR repertoire of antigen-specific B cells demonstrated higher diversity in mice with TLR7 signaling in B cells, suggesting that TLR7-signaling drives BCR repertoire development and diversity. Furthermore, the current data demonstrate that high levels of clonal diversity are reached early in the response and maintained by TLR7 signaling. In conclusion, TLR7 signaling enhances levels and quality of IgG antibodies, and this finding has major implications for vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Krenger
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Caroline C. Krueger
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lisha Zha
- International Immunology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiami Han
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Yermanos
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Salony Roongta
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mona O. Mohsen
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- International Immunology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Martin F. Bachmann,
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Huang Z, Zhu H, Lin R, Wu L, An N, Zheng P, Sun B. Serum Albumin as a Cross-Reactive Component in Furry Animals May Be Related to the Allergic Symptoms of Patients with Rhinitis. J Asthma Allergy 2021; 14:1231-1242. [PMID: 34707374 PMCID: PMC8544268 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s334195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of allergies has increased significantly in the past decade. Further research on allergic diseases caused by furry animals is of great importance for the clinical prevention, diagnosis and treatment of allergies. Objective To identify the sensitization profile and clinical association of various furry animal crude extracts and components based on component resolved diagnosis (CRD). Methods A total of 211 patients with allergic rhinitis with sensitivities to cats and/or dogs were recruited, and the specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) against various furry animals (such as dog/cat extracts and their components, pigeon, parrot, duck, chicken, sheep, rat, mouse, goose, cow and horse extracts) were measured to analyze the sensitization profiles, cross-reactivity and clinical relevance with regards to allergies. Results A total of 91.67% of cat-sensitized patients were sensitive to Fel d 1, while only 16.03% of cat-sensitized patients responded to Fel d 2. Can f 1 and Can f 5 were the major components of dogs, and the positive rates were 23.53% and 16.18%, respectively. Twenty percent of patients were sensitized to 10 other furry animals, and the positive rate was between 0% and 19.12%. There was a significant correlation between components (Can f 1–5 and Fel d 2) and 5 furry animals (mouse, sheep, Horse, rat, cow), especially between serum albumin (SA) (Can f 3, Fel d 2) and furry animals. Most of the animal crude extracts and components sensitization rates in patients who were SA-positive were significantly higher than that of patients who were SA-negative. In particular, for sensitization to mice, sheep, horses, rats and cows, more than 10-fold higher in patients who were SA-positive than in patients who were SA-negative. The VAS of symptoms and life of quality (LoQ) in the SA-sensitized patients was higher than that in unsensitized patients, and the patients with lipocalin sensitivities had a worse LoQ. Conclusion Serum albumin Fel d 2 and Can f 3, as minor allergens in cats and dogs, but not lipocalin or prostatic kallikrein, is associated with other furry animals presumably due to serum albumin cross-reactivity. Patients sensitized with serum albumin had a significantly higher risk of sensitization to other animals and had a higher rhinitis VAS score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Huang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqing Zhu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Runpei Lin
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Wu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Nairui An
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyan Zheng
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
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Kulalert P, Sritipsukho P, Nanthapisal S, Poachanukoon O. Concordance of skin test reactivity between indoor inhalant allergens among children with allergic respiratory disease. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:338. [PMID: 34380462 PMCID: PMC8356470 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vitro studies have demonstrated cross-reactivity among indoor allergen proteins in children with allergic respiratory diseases. However, there are only few studies evaluating in vivo response. A skin prick test (SPT) with commercial indoor solutions is widely used in clinical practice. We aimed to evaluate SPT agreement in children with allergic respiratory disease between pairs of common indoor allergens. Methods We reviewed SPT results of children 2 to 18 years old, diagnosed with respiratory allergic disease. Results from house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), cockroach (Periplaneta americana, Blatella germanica), cat and dog were collected. Sensitization was defined as ≥ 3 mm in wheal diameter. Kappa coefficient (κ) was used to analyze sensitization concordance for each allergen pair. Results The charts of 300 children, 187 (62.33%) males, were reviewed. Mean age was 7.43 ± 3.29 years with 183 (61%), 140 (46.67%), 45 (15%), 30 (10%) sensitizations to house dust mite (HDM), cockroach, cat and dog, respectively. Sensitization concordance between HDM and cockroach was moderate: κ = 0.53 (95% CI: 0.42–0.64). Moderate agreement occurred between dog and cat: κ = 0.41 (95%CI: 0.30–0.52). HDM-sensitized children showed poor concordance with both cat κ = 0.17 (95%CI: 0.09–0.24) and dog κ = 0.09 (95%CI: 0.03–0.14). There was also poor concordance between cockroach-sensitized children to cat κ = 0.19 (95%CI; 0.11–0.28) and dog κ = 0.11 (95%CI; 0.04–0.18). Conclusion We demonstrated moderate agreement of SPT response between HDM and cockroach as well as dog and cat. This may be due to cross-reactivity. Component-resolved diagnosis should be considered in children with co-sensitization of these allergen pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapasri Kulalert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. .,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for Allergy, Asthma and Pulmonary Disease, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.
| | - Paskorn Sritipsukho
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Allergy, Asthma and Pulmonary Disease, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sira Nanthapisal
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Allergy, Asthma and Pulmonary Disease, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Orapan Poachanukoon
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Allergy, Asthma and Pulmonary Disease, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Habeler M, Redl B. Phage-display reveals interaction of lipocalin allergen Can f 1 with a peptide resembling the antigen binding region of a human γδT-cell receptor. Biol Chem 2021; 402:433-437. [PMID: 33938175 PMCID: PMC10883907 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although some progress has been achieved in understanding certain aspects of the allergenic mechanism of animal lipocalins, they still remain largely enigmatic. One possibility to unravel this property is to investigate their interaction with components of the immune system. Since these components are highly complex we intended to use a high-throughput technology for this purpose. Therefore, we used phage-display of a random peptide library for panning against the dog allergen Can f 1. By this method we identified a Can f 1 binding peptide corresponding to the antigen-binding site of a putative γδT-cell receptor. Additional biochemical investigations confirmed this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Habeler
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Redl
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Cong Y, Li Y, Li L. Immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin G cross-reactive allergens and epitopes between cow milk α S1-casein and soybean proteins. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9815-9824. [PMID: 32896409 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Some infants allergic to cow milk-based formula are also sensitive to soybean-based formula. This paper aimed to explore the association of IgE and IgG cross-reactivity between αS1-casein in cow milk (CM) and soybean proteins. The IgE and IgG cross-reactive allergens and epitopes were identified using sera from infants allergic to CM or mice monoclonal antibodies. The AA sequence alignment was performed using bioinformatics software. Finally, the digestion and heating stability of the cross-reactive allergen were explored by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-PAGE and Western blotting. The results showed that the IgE and IgG cross-reactive allergen was α subunit of β-conglycinin named Gly m Bd 60K. The IgE and IgG epitopes were the sequences at AA 319-341 and AA 164-182. No intact Gly m Bd 60K allergen could be observed after 2 min in simulated gastric fluid by SDS-PAGE. Heating did not change IgE and IgG cross-reactivity by Western blotting. Therefore, the existence of cross-reactivity between CM αS1-casein and soybean proteins possibly contributes to the frequently observed cosensitization for these allergens in cow milk-allergic patients. The same IgE- and IgG-binding epitopes of cross-reactive allergens may provide important information for elucidation of the association between IgG and IgE antibody generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Cong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China.
| | - Ye Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
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Vachová M, Panzner P, Vlas T, Vítovcová P. Analysis of Sensitization Profiles in Central European Allergy Patients Focused on Animal Allergen Molecules. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 181:278-284. [PMID: 32018259 DOI: 10.1159/000505518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Frequently observed multiple sensitizations to several animals highlights the importance of a molecular diagnosis, distinguishing between sensitizations specific to single species and sensitizations due to cross-reactivity. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to assess the usefulness of a molecular diagnosis in the description of sensitization profiles in allergy patients living in Central Europe, with a particular focus on animal-derived molecules. METHODS The molecular diagnosis was performed using the ImmunoCAP ISAC microarray. Results of 1,255 allergy patients were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS The highest sensitization rates were observed for uteroglobin Fel d 1 (31.8%) and kallikrein Can f 5 (16.4%), followed by animal lipocalins Can f 1 (13.9%), Equ c 1 (6.2%), Fel d 4 (5.3%), Can f 2 (4.2%), and Mus m 1 (4.1%). Sensitization rates to serum albumins Fel d 2, Can f 3, Equ c 3, and Bos d 6 were very low, with the highest being 3.2% to Fel d 2. Detailed subanalysis confirmed the dominant role of Fel d 1 or Can f 5 and/or Can f 1 in cat- or dog-sensitized patients, respectively. Further analysis focused on lipocalins and albumins confirmed a high rate of cosensitizations within both groups. CONCLUSION The sensitization to animal allergen molecules is very frequent in Central Europe. The most common is sensitization to species-specific cat uteroglobin Fel d 1 and dog kallikrein Can f 5, followed by sensitizations to animal lipocalins. Our data suggest that commonly observed multiple sensitizations detected by extract approach can be explained not only by true cosensitization, but also by cross-reactivity, mainly in the frame of lipocalins. Cross-reactive serum albumins are minor sensitizers and are probably not important from this point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vachová
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia,
| | - Petr Panzner
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Vlas
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Petra Vítovcová
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czechia
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10
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Clayton GM, White J, Lee S, Kappler JW, Chan SK. Structural characteristics of lipocalin allergens: Crystal structure of the immunogenic dog allergen Can f 6. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213052. [PMID: 31525203 PMCID: PMC6746357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipocalins represent the most important protein family of the mammalian respiratory allergens. Four of the seven named dog allergens are lipocalins: Can f 1, Can f 2, Can f 4, and Can f 6. We present the structure of Can f 6 along with data on the biophysical and biological activity of this protein in comparison with other animal lipocalins. The Can f 6 structure displays the classic lipocalin calyx-shaped ligand binding cavity within a central β-barrel similar to other lipocalins. Despite low sequence identity between the different dog lipocalin proteins, there is a high degree of structural similarity. On the other hand, Can f 6 has a similar primary sequence to cat, horse, mouse lipocalins as well as a structure that may underlie their cross reactivity. Interestingly, the entrance to the ligand binding pocket is capped by a His instead of the usually seen Tyr that may help select its natural ligand binding partner. Our highly pure recombinant Can f 6 is able to bind to human IgE (hIgE) demonstrating biological antigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M. Clayton
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Janice White
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Schuyler Lee
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - John W. Kappler
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sanny K. Chan
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
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11
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Nwaru BI, Suzuki S, Ekerljung L, Sjölander S, Mincheva R, Rönmark EP, Rådinger M, Rönmark E, Borres MP, Lundbäck B, Lötvall J. Furry Animal Allergen Component Sensitization and Clinical Outcomes in Adult Asthma and Rhinitis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2019; 7:1230-1238.e4. [PMID: 30594587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitization to allergen components has been linked to asthma in children, but studies in adults are lacking. OBJECTIVE To study the relation of sensitization to furry animal allergen components to risk of asthma, rhinitis, and markers of asthma severity in adults. METHODS From the West Sweden Asthma Study, a random population-representative sample of adults aged 16 to 75 years, 2006 participants were clinically examined; 1872 were analyzed for serum IgE level to a mix of aeroallergens. Those with an IgE level of more than 0.35 kUA/L to cat, dog, or horse allergen components were analyzed for specific cat (Felis domesticus [Fel d 1, Fel d 2, and Fel d 4]), dog (Canis familiaris [Can f 1, Can f 2, Can f 3, and Can f 5]), and horse (Equus caballus [Equ c 1]) allergen components. We defined monosensitization, double sensitization, and polysensitization (>2 components) patterns and applied cluster analysis to derive distinct sensitization clusters. RESULTS Sensitization to each allergen component, lipocalins, each sensitization pattern, and each sensitization cluster (nonsensitized, Fel d 1-driven sensitized, and multisensitized clusters) was associated with substantial increased risk of asthma, rhinitis, concomitant asthma and rhinitis, and Asthma Control Test-controlled asthma. Fel d 1, Can f 1, Can f 2, Can f 3, polysensitization, and multisensitized cluster were further associated with increased fractional exhaled nitric oxide and eosinophil levels, but with lower PD20 methacoline (provocative dose of methacholine causing a 20% drop in FEV1) values. There was no association with asthma exacerbations, FEV1 predicted values, emergency visits or regular oral steroid use, and neutrophil levels. CONCLUSIONS Sensitization to furry animal allergen components is an important predictor of asthma, rhinitis, and markers of asthma severity with increased blood eosinophils, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and airway hyperreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright I Nwaru
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Shintaro Suzuki
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Division of Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Linda Ekerljung
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Roxana Mincheva
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik P Rönmark
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Rönmark
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus P Borres
- ImmunoDiagnostics, ThermoFisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Lundbäck
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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Suzuki S, Nwaru BI, Ekerljung L, Sjölander S, Mincheva R, Rönmark EP, Rönmark E, Lundbäck B, Borres MP, Lötvall J. Characterization of sensitization to furry animal allergen components in an adult population. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:495-505. [PMID: 30697845 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are paucity of data on sensitization to furry animal allergen components in adults. Furry animals are major sensitizers and contributors to asthma burden in northern Europe and North America. OBJECTIVE To characterize sensitization patterns to furry animal allergen components in Swedish adults. METHODS Based on the West Sweden Asthma Study, a random population (n = 1103) and an asthma sample (n = 769) were tested for allergen sensitization using Phadiatop® . Those with IgE ≥ 0.35 kUA /L were tested for cat (Fel d 1, 2, and 4), dog (Can f 1, 2, 3, and 5), and horse (Equ c 1) allergen component sensitization. We defined allergen component poly-sensitization patterns, identified data-driven sensitization clusters, described component sensitization overlaps, and assessed determinants of sensitization patterns. RESULTS The prevalence of allergen component sensitization ranged from 0.8% for Fel d 2 and Can f 3 to 8.9% for Fel d 1. The most common dog component was Can f 5 (3.6%); 2.1% were sensitized to Equ c 1. Those sensitized to Fel d 2 and Fel d 4 were commonly sensitized to Fel d 1. The most common dog component overlap was between Can f 1/Can f 2 and Can f 5. Mono-sensitization was 5.6%, double sensitization 1.5% and poly-sensitization 2.1%. Sensitization was always higher in the asthma than in the random sample. Three sensitization clusters were derived, namely non-sensitized (90% in random vs 66% in asthma sample); Fel d 1-driven sensitized (7% vs 19%); and multi-sensitized (3% vs 15%). Key determinants of sensitization were gender, age, raised on a farm, family history of allergy or asthma, smoking, and occupational exposure to dust or fumes. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE Fel d 1 and Can f 5 are the most common cat and dog components sensitization in this adult Swedish population. Mono-sensitization is more common than poly-sensitization. This detailed characterization highlights the current distribution of furry animal allergen components in Swedish adults, and their impact on clinical outcomes of asthma will be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Suzuki
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Division of Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bright I Nwaru
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Ekerljung
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Roxana Mincheva
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik P Rönmark
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Rönmark
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, The OLIN Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bo Lundbäck
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus P Borres
- ImmunoDiagnostics, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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TOSA N, YOSHIMATSU K, TAKAHASHI M, ARIKAWA J. Comparison of immune response in mice sensitized to an animal allergen, Can f 1, and to a food allergen, ovalbumin. Biomed Res 2019; 40:9-15. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.40.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko TOSA
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, Hokkaido University
| | - Kumiko YOSHIMATSU
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Motoko TAKAHASHI
- Department of Biochemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Jiro ARIKAWA
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, Hokkaido University
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University
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Wang RQ, Wang YJ, Xu ZQ, Zhou YJ, Cao MD, Zhu W, Sun JL, Wei JF. Canis familiaris allergen Can f 7: Expression, purification and analysis of B cell epitopes in Chinese children with dog allergies. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1531-1541. [PMID: 30664181 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs are a major source of indoor allergens. However, the prevalence of dog allergies in China remains unclear, especially in children. In the present study, Can f 7, a canine allergen belonging to the Niemann pick type C2 protein family, was selected to study its sensitization rate in Chinese children with dog allergies. The Can f 7 gene was subcloned into a pET‑28a vector and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. Recombinant Can f 7 was purified by nickel affinity chromatography, identified by SDS‑PAGE electrophoresis, and had its allergenicity assessed by western blot, ELISA and basophil activation tests. Through a series of bioinformatical approaches, B‑cell epitopes, secondary structures, and 3 dimensional (3D) homology modeling of Can f 7 were predicted. The activity of the B cell epitopes was verified by ELISA. The recombinant Can f 7 showed a distinct band with a molecular weight of 14 kDa. Six of 20 sera from dog‑allergic children reacted positively to the Can f 7. Can f 7 induced an ~4.0‑fold increase in cluster of differentiation 63 and C‑C motif chemokine receptor R3 expression in basophils sensitized with the serum of dog‑allergic children compared with those of non‑allergic controls. The secondary structure analysis showed that Can f 7 contains 6 β‑sheets. Five B cell epitopes of Can f 7 were predicted, and two of these were confirmed by ELISA. These results indicate that Can f 7 is an important canine allergen in Chinese children and provide novel data for further research concerning the use of Can f 7 in the diagnosis and treatment of Chinese children with canine allergy symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qi Wang
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment on Allergic Diseases, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xu
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Jun Zhou
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Da Cao
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Lyu Sun
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment on Allergic Diseases, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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15
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Zahradnik E, Janssen-Weets B, Sander I, Kendzia B, Mitlehner W, May C, Raulf M. Lower allergen levels in hypoallergenic Curly Horses? A comparison among breeds by measurements of horse allergens in hair and air samples. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207871. [PMID: 30540798 PMCID: PMC6291085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to horses can cause severe allergic reactions in sensitized individuals. The breed, American Bashkir Curly Horse is categorized as hypoallergenic, primarily due to reports of allergic patients experiencing fewer symptoms while handling this special breed. The possible reasons for this phenomenon could be lower allergen production and/or reduced allergen release into the air because of increased sebum content in their skin and hair compared to other breeds. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to compare different horse breeds in relation to allergen content in hair and airborne dust samples. Methods In total, 224 hair samples from 32 different horse breeds were investigated. Personal nasal filters were used to collect airborne dust during the grooming of 20 Curly Horses and 20 Quarter Horses. Quantitative analysis of all samples was performed using two newly developed immunoassays for the detection of horse dander (HD) antigens and the major allergen Equ c 1 and the commercial assay for Equ c 4. Results were analyzed using multiple linear regression models for hair samples and the Mann Whitney U test for airborne samples. Results Horse antigen and allergen levels differed up to four orders of magnitude between individual animals. Despite enormous variability, levels of HD antigen, Equ c 1 and Equ c 4 in hair were significantly related to the breed and gender combined with the castration status of male animals. Curly Horses had significantly higher concentrations of all three tested parameters compared to the majority of the investigated breeds (medians: 11800 μg/g for HD antigen, 2400 μg/g for Equ c 1, and 258 kU/g for Equ c 4). Tinker Horses, Icelandic Horses and Shetland Ponies were associated with approximately 7-fold reduced levels of HD antigen and Equ c 1, and up to 25-fold reduced levels of Equ c 4 compared to Curly Horses. Compared to mares, stallions displayed increased concentrations of HD antigens, Equ c 1 and Equ c 4 by a factor 2.2, 3.5 and 6.7, respectively. No difference was observed between mares and geldings. No differences in airborne allergen concentrations collected with personal nasal filters during grooming were found between Curly and Quarter Horses. Conclusion Breed and castration status had a significant influence on the antigen and allergen levels of horse hair. However, these differences were smaller than the wide variability observed among individual horses. Compared to other breeds, Curly Horses were not associated with lower allergen levels in hair and in air samples collected during grooming. Our approach provides no molecular explanation why Curly Horses are considered to be hypoallergenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zahradnik
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Bente Janssen-Weets
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
- Luxemburg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxemburg
| | - Ingrid Sander
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kendzia
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Mitlehner
- Private Medical Practice Pneumology, Internal Medicine, Allergology, Klappholz, Germany
| | - Caroline May
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center (MPC), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Monika Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
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Valenta R, Karaulov A, Niederberger V, Zhernov Y, Elisyutina O, Campana R, Focke-Tejkl M, Curin M, Namazova-Baranova L, Wang JY, Pawankar R, Khaitov M. Allergen Extracts for In Vivo Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergy: Is There a Future? THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:1845-1855.e2. [PMID: 30297269 PMCID: PMC6390933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Today, in vivo allergy diagnosis and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) are still based on allergen extracts obtained from natural allergen sources. Several studies analyzing the composition of natural allergen extracts have shown severe problems regarding their quality such as the presence of undefined nonallergenic materials, contaminants as well as high variabilities regarding contents and biological activity of individual allergens. Despite the increasing availability of sophisticated analytical technologies, these problems cannot be overcome because they are inherent to allergen sources and methods of extract production. For in vitro allergy diagnosis problems related to natural allergen extracts have been largely overcome by the implementation of recombinant allergen molecules that are defined regarding purity and biological activity. However, no such advances have been made for allergen preparations to be used in vivo for diagnosis and therapy. No clinical studies have been performed for allergen extracts available for in vivo allergy diagnosis that document safety, sensitivity, and specificity of the products. Only for very few therapeutic allergen extracts state-of-the-art clinical studies have been performed that provide evidence for safety and efficacy. In this article, we discuss problems related to the inconsistent quality of products based on natural allergen extracts and share our observations that most of the products available for in vivo diagnosis and AIT do not meet the international standards for medicinal products. We argue that a replacement of natural allergen extracts by defined recombinantly produced allergen molecules and/or mixtures thereof may be the only way to guarantee the supply of clinicians with state-of-the-art medicinal products for in vivo diagnosis and treatment of allergic patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Verena Niederberger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yury Zhernov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Raffaela Campana
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirela Curin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leyla Namazova-Baranova
- Department of Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Center for Allergy and Immunology Research (ACIR), College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University (Hospital), Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ruby Pawankar
- Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Musa Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Dávila I, Domínguez‐Ortega J, Navarro‐Pulido A, Alonso A, Antolín‐Amerigo D, González‐Mancebo E, Martín‐García C, Núñez‐Acevedo B, Prior N, Reche M, Rosado A, Ruiz‐Hornillos J, Sánchez MC, Torrecillas M. Consensus document on dog and cat allergy. Allergy 2018; 73:1206-1222. [PMID: 29318625 DOI: 10.1111/all.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of sensitization to dogs and cats varies by country, exposure time and predisposition to atopy. It is estimated that 26% of European adults coming to the clinic for suspected allergy to inhalant allergens are sensitized to cats and 27% to dogs. This document is intended to be a useful tool for clinicians involved in the management of people with dog or cat allergy. It was prepared from a consensus process based on the RAND/UCLA method. Following a literature review, it proposes various recommendations concerning the diagnosis and treatment of these patients, grounded in evidence and clinical experience. The diagnosis of dog and cat allergy is based on a medical history and physical examination that are consistent with each other and is confirmed with positive results on specific IgE skin tests. Sometimes, especially in polysensitized patients, molecular diagnosis is strongly recommended. Although the most advisable measure would be to avoid the animal, this is often impossible and associated with a major emotional impact. Furthermore, indirect exposure to allergens occurs in environments in which animals are not present. Immunotherapy is emerging as a potential solution to this problem, although further supporting studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Dávila
- Allergy Department University Hospital of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research IBSAL Salamanca Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences University of Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - J. Domínguez‐Ortega
- Allergy Department Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ) Madrid Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid Spain
| | - A. Navarro‐Pulido
- Allergology Clinical Management Unit (UGC) El Tomillar Hospital Sevilla Spain
| | - A. Alonso
- Allergy Department Valladolid Medical Alliance Valladolid Spain
| | - D. Antolín‐Amerigo
- Immune System Diseases Department‐Allergy Unit Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital Madrid Spain
- Department of Medicine and medical specialties (IRYCIS) University of Alcalá Madrid Spain
| | | | | | | | - N. Prior
- Allergy Department Severo Ochoa University Hospital Madrid Spain
| | - M. Reche
- Allergy Department Infanta Sofía Hospital Madrid Spain
| | - A. Rosado
- Allergy Unit Alcorcón Foundation University Hospital Madrid Spain
| | | | - M. C. Sánchez
- Allergy Unit Juan Ramón Jiménez Hospital Huelva Spain
| | - M. Torrecillas
- Allergy Department Albacete University General Hospital Complex Albacete Spain
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Käck U, Asarnoj A, Grönlund H, Borres MP, van Hage M, Lilja G, Konradsen JR. Molecular allergy diagnostics refine characterization of children sensitized to dog dander. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1113-1120.e9. [PMID: 29852259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitization to dog dander is an important risk factor for rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma but is not sufficient for diagnosing dog allergy. Molecular allergy diagnostics offer new opportunities for refined characterization. OBJECTIVES We sought to study the association between sensitization to all presently known dog allergen components and clinical symptoms of dog allergy in children evaluated by using nasal provocation tests (NPTs). METHODS Sixty children (age, 10-18 years) sensitized to dog dander extract underwent NPTs with dog dander extract. Measurement of IgE levels to dog dander and to Can f 1, Can f 2, Can f 3, and Can f 5 was performed with ImmunoCAP, and measurement of IgE levels to Can f 4 and Can f 6 was performed with streptavidin ImmunoCAP. An IgE level of 0.1 kUA/L or greater was considered positive. RESULTS There was an association between sensitization to an increasing number of dog allergen components and a positive nasal challenge result (P = .01). Sensitization to lipocalins (odds ratio [OR], 6.0; 95% CI, 1.04-34.5), in particular Can f 4 (OR, 6.80; 95% CI 1.84-25.2) and Can f 6 (OR, 5.69; 95% CI, 1.59-20.8), was associated with a positive NPT result. Monosensitization to Can f 5 was related to a negative NPT result (OR, 5.78; 95% CI, 1.01-33.0). CONCLUSION Sensitization to an increasing number of dog allergen components and to lipocalins is associated with dog allergy. Monosensitization to Can f 5 should not be regarded primarily as a marker for dog allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Käck
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anna Asarnoj
- Department of Medicine Solna Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Grönlund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus P Borres
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Women's & Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Lilja
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon R Konradsen
- Department of Medicine Solna Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Clustering of conformational IgE epitopes on the major dog allergen Can f 1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12135. [PMID: 28939849 PMCID: PMC5610169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated allergy affects more than 25% of the population. Can f 1 is the major dog allergen associated with respiratory symptoms but the epitopes recognized by allergic patients IgE on Can f 1 are unknown. To characterize IgE epitopes of Can f 1 recognized by dog allergic patients, six overlapping peptides spanning the Can f 1 sequence were synthesized. In direct IgE epitope mapping experiments peptides were analyzed for IgE reactivity by dot blot and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with sera from dog allergic patients. For indirect epitope-mapping, rabbits were immunized with the peptides to generate specific IgG antibodies which were used to inhibit allergic patients’ IgE binding to Can f 1. IgE binding sites were visualized on a model of the Can f 1 three-dimensional structure. We found that Can f 1 does not contain any relevant sequential IgE epitopes. However, IgE inhibition experiments with anti-peptide specific IgGs showed that Can f 1 N- and C-terminal portion assembled a major conformational binding site. In conclusion, our study is the first to identify the major IgE epitope-containing area of the dog allergen Can f 1. This finding is important for the development of allergen-specific treatment strategies.
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20
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Zahradnik E, Raulf M. Respiratory Allergens from Furred Mammals: Environmental and Occupational Exposure. Vet Sci 2017; 4:vetsci4030038. [PMID: 29056697 PMCID: PMC5644656 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci4030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Furry mammals kept as pets, farm and laboratory animals are important allergen sources. The prevalence of sensitization to furred mammals appears to be increasing worldwide. Several mammalian allergens from diverse species are well characterized with regard to their molecular structure and immunogenicity, and some are already available for component-resolved allergy diagnostics. The distribution of various mammalian allergens has been extensively studied during the past few decades. Animal allergens were found to be ubiquitous in the human environment, even in places where no animals reside, with concentrations differing considerably between locations and geographical regions. This review presents an overview of identified mammalian respiratory allergens classified according to protein families, and compiles the results of allergen exposure assessment studies conducted in different public and occupational environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zahradnik
- Center of Allergology/Immunology, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Monika Raulf
- Center of Allergology/Immunology, Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.
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21
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Abstract
Furry mammals kept as pets, farm and laboratory animals are important allergen sources. The prevalence of sensitization to furred mammals appears to be increasing worldwide. Several mammalian allergens from diverse species are well characterized with regard to their molecular structure and immunogenicity, and some are already available for component-resolved allergy diagnostics. The distribution of various mammalian allergens has been extensively studied during the past few decades. Animal allergens were found to be ubiquitous in the human environment, even in places where no animals reside, with concentrations differing considerably between locations and geographical regions. This review presents an overview of identified mammalian respiratory allergens classified according to protein families, and compiles the results of allergen exposure assessment studies conducted in different public and occupational environments.
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22
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Gautier C, Charpin D. Environmental triggers and avoidance in the management of asthma. J Asthma Allergy 2017; 10:47-56. [PMID: 28331347 PMCID: PMC5349698 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s121276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying asthma triggers forms the basis of environmental secondary prevention. These triggers may be allergenic or nonallergenic. Allergenic triggers include indoor allergens, such as house dust mites (HDMs), molds, pets, cockroaches, and rodents, and outdoor allergens, such as pollens and molds. Clinical observations provide support for the role of HDM exposure as a trigger, although avoidance studies provide conflicting results. Molds and their metabolic products are now considered to be triggers of asthma attacks. Pets, dogs, and especially cats can undoubtedly trigger asthmatic symptoms in sensitized subjects. Avoidance is difficult and rarely adhered to by families. Cockroach allergens contribute to asthma morbidity, and avoidance strategies can lead to clinical benefit. Mouse allergens are mostly found in inner-city dwellings, but their implication in asthma morbidity is debated. In the outdoors, pollens can induce seasonal asthma in sensitized individuals. Avoidance relies on preventing pollens from getting into the house and on minimizing seasonal outdoor exposure. Outdoor molds may lead to severe asthma exacerbations. Nonallergenic triggers include viral infections, active and passive smoking, meteorological changes, occupational exposures, and other triggers that are less commonly involved. Viral infection is the main asthma trigger in children. Active smoking is associated with higher asthma morbidity, and smoking cessation interventions should be personalized. Passive smoking is also a risk factor for asthma exacerbation. The implementation of public smoking bans has led to a reduction in the hospitalization of asthmatic children. Air pollution levels have been linked with asthmatic symptoms, a decrease in lung function, and increased emergency room visits and hospitalizations. Since avoidance is not easy to achieve, clean air policies remain the most effective strategy. Indoor air is also affected by air pollutants, such as cigarette smoke and volatile organic compounds generated by building and cleaning materials. Occupational exposures include work-exacerbated asthma and work-related asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Charpin
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergy, North Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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23
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Apostolovic D, Sánchez-Vidaurre S, Waden K, Curin M, Grundström J, Gafvelin G, Cirkovic Velickovic T, Grönlund H, Thomas WR, Valenta R, Hamsten C, van Hage M. The cat lipocalin Fel d 7 and its cross-reactivity with the dog lipocalin Can f 1. Allergy 2016; 71:1490-5. [PMID: 27289080 DOI: 10.1111/all.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of sensitization to the cat lipocalin Fel d 7 among 140 cat-sensitized Swedish patients and elucidated its allergenic activity and cross-reactivity with the dog lipocalin Can f 1. Sixty-five of 140 patients had IgE to rFel d 7 whereof 60 also had IgE to rCan f 1. A moderate correlation between IgE levels to rFel d 7 and rCan f 1 was found. rFel d 7 activated basophils in vitro and inhibited IgE binding to rCan f 1 in 4 of 13 patients, whereas rCan f 1 inhibited IgE binding to rFel d 7 in 7 of 13 patients. Fel d 7 and Can f 1 showed high similarities in protein structure and epitopes in common were found using cross-reactive antisera. Fel d 7 is a common allergen in a Swedish cat-sensitized population that cross-reacts with Can f 1, and may contribute to symptoms in cat- but also in dog-allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Apostolovic
- Department of Medicine Solna, Immunology and Allergy Unit; Karolinska Institutet; and Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - S. Sánchez-Vidaurre
- Department of Medicine Solna, Immunology and Allergy Unit; Karolinska Institutet; and Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - K. Waden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Immunology and Allergy Unit; Karolinska Institutet; and Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - M. Curin
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - J. Grundström
- Department of Medicine Solna, Immunology and Allergy Unit; Karolinska Institutet; and Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - G. Gafvelin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Therapeutic Immune Design Unit; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM); Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - T. Cirkovic Velickovic
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - H. Grönlund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Therapeutic Immune Design Unit; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM); Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - W. R. Thomas
- Center for Child Health Research; Telethon Institute of Child Health Research; University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
| | - R. Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - C. Hamsten
- Department of Medicine Solna, Immunology and Allergy Unit; Karolinska Institutet; and Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Center for Inflammatory Diseases; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - M. van Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna, Immunology and Allergy Unit; Karolinska Institutet; and Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
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24
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Breitenbuecher C, Belanger JM, Levy K, Mundell P, Fates V, Gershony L, Famula TR, Oberbauer AM. Protein expression and genetic variability of canine Can f 1 in golden and Labrador retriever service dogs. Canine Genet Epidemiol 2016; 3:3. [PMID: 27110374 PMCID: PMC4840867 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-016-0031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valued for trainability in diverse tasks, dogs are the primary service animal used to assist individuals with disabilities. Despite their utility, many people in need of service dogs are sensitive to the primary dog allergen, Can f 1, encoded by the Lipocalin 1 gene (LCN1). Several organizations specifically breed service dogs to meet special needs and would like to reduce allergenic potential if possible. In this study, we evaluated the expression of Can f 1 protein and the inherent variability of LCN1 in two breeds used extensively as service dogs. Saliva samples from equal numbers of male and female Labrador retrievers (n = 12), golden retrievers (n = 12), and Labrador-golden crosses (n = 12) were collected 1 h after the morning meal. Can f 1 protein concentrations in the saliva were measured by ELISA, and the LCN1 5' and 3' UTRs and exons sequenced. RESULTS There was no sex effect (p > 0.2) nor time-of-day effect; however, Can f 1 protein levels varied by breed with Labrador retrievers being lower than golden retrievers (3.18 ± 0.51 and 5.35 ± 0.52 μg/ml, respectively, p < 0.0075), and the Labrador-golden crosses having intermediate levels (3.77 ± 0.48 μg/ml). Although several novel SNPs were identified in LCN1, there were no significant breed-specific sequence differences in the gene and no association of LCN1 genotypes with Can f 1 expression. CONCLUSIONS As service dogs, Labrador retrievers likely have lower allergenic potential and, though there were no DNA sequence differences identified, classical genetic selection on the estimated breeding values associated with salivary Can f 1 expression may further reduce that potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janelle M Belanger
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Kerinne Levy
- Canine Companions for Independence, Santa Rosa, CA USA
| | - Paul Mundell
- Canine Companions for Independence, Santa Rosa, CA USA
| | - Valerie Fates
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Liza Gershony
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Thomas R Famula
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Anita M Oberbauer
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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25
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Abstract
Allergic reactions to pets have been recognized for at least a hundred years. Yet our understanding of the effects of all of the interactions between pet exposures and human immune responses continues to grow. Allergists, epidemiologists, and immunologists have spent years trying to better understand how exposures to pet allergens lead to allergic sensitization (the production of allergen-specific immunoglobulin class E [IgE] antibodies) and subsequent allergic disease. A major new development in this understanding is the recognition that pet exposures consist of not only allergen exposures but also changes in microbial exposures. Exposures to certain pet-associated microbes, especially in the neonatal period, appear to be able to dramatically alter how a child’s immune system develops and this in turn reduces the risk of allergic sensitization and disease. An exciting challenge in the next few years will be to see whether these changes can be developed into a realistic preventative strategy with the expectation of significantly reducing allergic disease, especially asthma.
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26
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Valenta R, Wollmann E. Bedeutung rekombinanter Allergene und Allergenderivate. ALLERGOLOGIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37203-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Asarnoj A, Hamsten C, Wadén K, Lupinek C, Andersson N, Kull I, Curin M, Anto J, Bousquet J, Valenta R, Wickman M, van Hage M. Sensitization to cat and dog allergen molecules in childhood and prediction of symptoms of cat and dog allergy in adolescence: A BAMSE/MeDALL study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:813-21.e7. [PMID: 26686472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitization to individual cat and dog allergen molecules can contribute differently to development of allergy to these animals. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the association between sensitization patterns to cat and dog allergen molecules during childhood and symptoms to these furry animals up to age 16 years. METHODS Data from 779 randomly collected children from the Barn/Children Allergy/Asthma Milieu Stockholm Epidemiologic birth cohort at 4, 8, and 16 years were used. IgE levels to cat and dog were determined by using ImmunoCAP, and levels to allergen molecules were determined by using an allergen chip based on ISAC technology (Mechanisms for the Development of Allergy chip). Allergy was defined as reported rhinitis, conjunctivitis, or asthma at exposure to cat or dog. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, IgE to Fel d 1 and cat extract had similar positive predictive values for cat allergy. IgE to Can f 1 showed a higher positive predictive value for dog allergy than dog extract IgE. Sensitizations to Fel d 1 and Can f 1 in childhood were significantly associated with symptoms to cat or dog at age 16 years. Polysensitization to 3 or more allergen molecules from cat or dog was a better longitudinal predictor of cat or dog symptoms than results of IgE tests with cat or dog allergen extract, respectively. Cross-sectionally, cat/dog-polysensitized children had higher IgE levels and more frequent symptoms to cat and dog than monosensitized children. CONCLUSIONS Sensitization to Fel d 1 and Can f 1 in childhood and polysensitization to either cat or dog allergen molecules predict cat and dog allergy cross-sectionally and longitudinally significantly better than IgE to cat or dog extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Asarnoj
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Carl Hamsten
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konrad Wadén
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Niklas Andersson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Kull
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Sachs' Children's Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science and Education, Stockholm South General Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mirela Curin
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josep Anto
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean Bousquet
- University Hospital of Montpellier, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, Villejuif, France
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magnus Wickman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Sachs' Children's Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Grier TJ, Hall DM, Duncan EA, Gada SM. Allergen stabilities and compatibilities in immunotherapy mixtures that contain cat, dog, dust mite, and cockroach extracts. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2015; 115:496-502. [PMID: 26522255 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoor allergen mixtures that contain cat, dog, dust mite, and cockroach extracts are commonly used in allergy clinics for subcutaneous immunotherapy, but product-specific stabilities and mixing compatibilities in these complex patient formulas have not been determined. OBJECTIVES To assess the recoveries of cat, dog epithelia, dog dander, dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae, and cockroach mix allergen activities in 5 component mixtures and 1:10 (vol/vol) dilutions stored for up to 12 months. METHODS Concentrated stock mixtures, 10-fold dilutions of these mixtures in human serum albumin-saline diluent, and analogous single-extract controls were analyzed for major allergen concentrations (cat Fel d 1, dog dander Can f 1) and multiallergen IgE-binding potencies (dog epithelia, D farinae, cockroach mix) after storage for 3, 6, 9, and 12 months at 2°C to 8°C. RESULTS The selected immunoassays were specific for individual target extracts in the 5-component mixtures and exhibited analytical sensitivities sufficient for evaluation of both the concentrated and diluted indoor allergen formulas. All control samples except diluted cockroach extract had near-complete stabilities during refrigerated storage. Mixtures that contained cat, dog epithelia, dog dander, and D farinae extracts exhibited favorable mixing compatibilities in 1:1 (vol/vol) concentrates (47.5% glycerin) and 1:10 (vol/vol) dilutions (4.75% glycerin), relative to corresponding control sample reactivities. Cockroach allergens in both 1:1 (vol/vol) and 1:10 (vol/vol) concentrations were stabilized significantly by mixing with the other 4 indoor allergen extracts. CONCLUSION Extracts in mixtures that contained 5 common sources of indoor allergens possess favorable stabilities and mixing compatibilities and support the practice of combining these products in the same patient treatment formulations for subcutaneous immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Grier
- Research and Development Laboratory, Greer Laboratories Inc, Lenoir, North Carolina.
| | - Dawn M Hall
- Research and Development Laboratory, Greer Laboratories Inc, Lenoir, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth A Duncan
- Research and Development Laboratory, Greer Laboratories Inc, Lenoir, North Carolina
| | - Satyen M Gada
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
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29
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Bousquet J, Anto JM, Wickman M, Keil T, Valenta R, Haahtela T, Lodrup Carlsen K, van Hage M, Akdis C, Bachert C, Akdis M, Auffray C, Annesi-Maesano I, Bindslev-Jensen C, Cambon-Thomsen A, Carlsen KH, Chatzi L, Forastiere F, Garcia-Aymerich J, Gehrig U, Guerra S, Heinrich J, Koppelman GH, Kowalski ML, Lambrecht B, Lupinek C, Maier D, Melén E, Momas I, Palkonen S, Pinart M, Postma D, Siroux V, Smit HA, Sunyer J, Wright J, Zuberbier T, Arshad SH, Nadif R, Thijs C, Andersson N, Asarnoj A, Ballardini N, Ballereau S, Bedbrook A, Benet M, Bergstrom A, Brunekreef B, Burte E, Calderon M, De Carlo G, Demoly P, Eller E, Fantini MP, Hammad H, Hohman C, Just J, Kerkhof M, Kogevinas M, Kull I, Lau S, Lemonnier N, Mommers M, Nawijn M, Neubauer A, Oddie S, Pellet J, Pin I, Porta D, Saes Y, Skrindo I, Tischer CG, Torrent M, von Hertzen L. Are allergic multimorbidities and IgE polysensitization associated with the persistence or re-occurrence of foetal type 2 signalling? The MeDALL hypothesis. Allergy 2015; 70:1062-78. [PMID: 25913421 DOI: 10.1111/all.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases [asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis (AD)] are complex. They are associated with allergen-specific IgE and nonallergic mechanisms that may coexist in the same patient. In addition, these diseases tend to cluster and patients present concomitant or consecutive diseases (multimorbidity). IgE sensitization should be considered as a quantitative trait. Important clinical and immunological differences exist between mono- and polysensitized subjects. Multimorbidities of allergic diseases share common causal mechanisms that are only partly IgE-mediated. Persistence of allergic diseases over time is associated with multimorbidity and/or IgE polysensitization. The importance of the family history of allergy may decrease with age. This review puts forward the hypothesis that allergic multimorbidities and IgE polysensitization are associated and related to the persistence or re-occurrence of foetal type 2 signalling. Asthma, rhinitis and AD are manifestations of a common systemic immune imbalance (mesodermal origin) with specific patterns of remodelling (ectodermal or endodermal origin). This study proposes a new classification of IgE-mediated allergic diseases that allows the definition of novel phenotypes to (i) better understand genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, (ii) better stratify allergic preschool children for prognosis and (iii) propose novel strategies of treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Bousquet
- University Hospital; Montpellier France
- MACVIA-LR; Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon; European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site; Paris France
- INSERM; VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, U1168; Paris France
- UVSQ; UMR-S 1168; Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Versailles France
| | - J. M. Anto
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences; University of Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - M. Wickman
- Sachs’ Children's Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - T. Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry; University of Wuerzburg; Wuerzburg Germany
| | - R. Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - T. Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital; Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - K. Lodrup Carlsen
- Department of Paediatrics; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - M. van Hage
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit; Department of Medicine Solna; Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - C. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos Switzerland
| | - C. Bachert
- ENT Department; Ghent University Hospital; Gent Belgium
| | - M. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zurich; Davos Switzerland
| | - C. Auffray
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine; Lyon France
| | - I. Annesi-Maesano
- EPAR U707 INSERM; Paris France
- EPAR UMR-S UPMC; Paris VI; Paris France
| | - C. Bindslev-Jensen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - A. Cambon-Thomsen
- UMR Inserm U1027; Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - K. H. Carlsen
- Department of Paediatrics; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - L. Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Crete; Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - F. Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology; Regional Health Service Lazio Region; Rome Italy
| | - J. Garcia-Aymerich
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences; University of Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - U. Gehrig
- Julius Center of Health Sciences and Primary Care; University Medical Center Utrecht; University of Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - S. Guerra
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology; German Research Centre for Environmental Health; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Neuherberg Germany
| | - G. H. Koppelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology; GRIAC Research Institute; University Medical Center Groningen; Beatrix Children's Hospital; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - M. L. Kowalski
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy; Medical University of Lodz; Lodz Poland
| | - B. Lambrecht
- VIB Inflammation Research Center; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - C. Lupinek
- Division of Immunopathology; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research; Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | | | - E. Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - I. Momas
- Department of Public Health and Biostatistics, EA 4064; Paris Descartes University; Paris France
- Paris Municipal Department of Social Action, Childhood, and Health; Paris France
| | - S. Palkonen
- EFA European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients' Associations; Brussels Belgium
| | - M. Pinart
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain
| | - D. Postma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; GRIAC Research Institute; University Medical Center Groningen; Beatrix Children's Hospital; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | | | - H. A. Smit
- Julius Center of Health Sciences and Primary Care; University Medical Center Utrecht; University of Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - J. Sunyer
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences; University of Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research; Bradford Royal Infirmary; Bradford UK
| | - T. Zuberbier
- Allergy-Centre-Charité at the Department of Dermatology; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Secretary General of the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN); Berlin Germany
| | - S. H. Arshad
- David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre; Isle of Wight UK
| | - R. Nadif
- INSERM; VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, U1168; Paris France
- UVSQ; UMR-S 1168; Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Versailles France
| | - C. Thijs
- Department of Epidemiology; CAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care; Maastricht University; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - N. Andersson
- Sachs’ Children's Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - A. Asarnoj
- Sachs’ Children's Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - N. Ballardini
- Sachs’ Children's Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - S. Ballereau
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine; Lyon France
| | - A. Bedbrook
- MACVIA-LR; Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon; European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site; Paris France
| | - M. Benet
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain
| | - A. Bergstrom
- Sachs’ Children's Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - B. Brunekreef
- Julius Center of Health Sciences and Primary Care; University Medical Center Utrecht; University of Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - E. Burte
- INSERM; VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, U1168; Paris France
- UVSQ; UMR-S 1168; Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Versailles France
| | - M. Calderon
- National Heart and Lung Institute; Imperial College London; Royal Brompton Hospital NHS; London UK
| | - G. De Carlo
- EFA European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients' Associations; Brussels Belgium
| | - P. Demoly
- Department of Respiratory Diseases; Montpellier University Hospital; Montpellier France
| | - E. Eller
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - M. P. Fantini
- Department of Medicine and Public Health; Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - H. Hammad
- VIB Inflammation Research Center; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - C. Hohman
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - J. Just
- Allergology Department; Centre de l'Asthme et des Allergies; Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau (APHP); Paris France
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique; Equipe EPAR; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136; Paris France
| | - M. Kerkhof
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; GRIAC Research Institute; University Medical Center Groningen; Beatrix Children's Hospital; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | - M. Kogevinas
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences; University of Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - I. Kull
- Sachs’ Children's Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - S. Lau
- Department for Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology; Charité Medical University; Berlin Germany
| | - N. Lemonnier
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine; Lyon France
| | - M. Mommers
- Department of Epidemiology; CAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care; Maastricht University; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - M. Nawijn
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology; GRIAC Research Institute; University Medical Center Groningen; Beatrix Children's Hospital; University of Groningen; Groningen the Netherlands
| | | | - S. Oddie
- Bradford Institute for Health Research; Bradford Royal Infirmary; Bradford UK
| | - J. Pellet
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine; Lyon France
| | - I. Pin
- Département de pédiatrie; CHU de Grenoble; Grenoble Cedex 9 France
| | - D. Porta
- Department of Epidemiology; Regional Health Service Lazio Region; Rome Italy
| | - Y. Saes
- VIB Inflammation Research Center; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - I. Skrindo
- Department of Paediatrics; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - C. G. Tischer
- Institute of Epidemiology; German Research Centre for Environmental Health; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Neuherberg Germany
| | - M. Torrent
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL); Barcelona Spain
- Area de Salut de Menorca, ib-salut; Illes Balears Spain
| | - L. von Hertzen
- Skin and Allergy Hospital; Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
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Haka J, Niemi MH, Iljin K, Reddy VS, Takkinen K, Laukkanen ML. Isolation of Mal d 1 and Api g 1 - specific recombinant antibodies from mouse IgG Fab fragment libraries - Mal d 1-specific antibody exhibits cross-reactivity against Bet v 1. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:34. [PMID: 26013405 PMCID: PMC4446070 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Around 3–5% of the population suffer from IgE-mediated food allergies in Western countries and the number of food-allergenic people is increasing. Individuals with certain pollen allergies may also suffer from a sensitisation to proteins in the food products. As an example a person sensitised to the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1, is often sensitised to its homologues, such as the major allergens of apple, Mal d 1, and celery, Api g 1, as well. Development of tools for the reliable, sensitive and quick detection of allergens present in various food products is essential for allergic persons to prevent the consumption of substances causing mild and even life-threatening immune responses. The use of monoclonal antibodies would ensure the specific detection of the harmful food content for a sensitised person. Methods Mouse IgG antibody libraries were constructed from immunised mice and specific recombinant antibodies for Mal d 1 and Api g 1 were isolated from the libraries by phage display. More detailed characterisation of the resulting antibodies was carried out using ELISA, SPR experiments and immunoprecipitation assays. Results The allergen-specific Fab fragments exhibited high affinity towards the target recombinant allergens. Furthermore, the Fab fragments also recognised native allergens from natural sources. Interestingly, isolated Mal d 1-specific antibody bound also to Bet v 1, the main allergen eliciting the cross-reactivity syndrome between the birch pollen and apple. Despite the similarities in Api g 1 and Bet v 1 tertiary structures, the isolated Api g 1-specific antibodies showed no cross-reactivity to Bet v 1. Conclusions Here, high-affinity allergen-specific recombinant antibodies were isolated with interesting binding properties. With further development, these antibodies can be utilised as tools for the specific and reliable detection of allergens from different consumable products. This study gives new preliminary insights to elucidate the mechanism behind the pollen-food syndrome and to study the IgG epitope of the allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Haka
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
| | - Merja H Niemi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu Campus, P.O. Box 111, Joensuu, FI-80101, Finland.
| | - Kristiina Iljin
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
| | - Vanga Siva Reddy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Kristiina Takkinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
| | - Marja-Leena Laukkanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
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Nilsson OB, Neimert-Andersson T, Bronge M, Grundström J, Sarma R, Uchtenhagen H, Kikhney A, Sandalova T, Holmgren E, Svergun D, Achour A, van Hage M, Grönlund H. Designing a multimer allergen for diagnosis and immunotherapy of dog allergic patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111041. [PMID: 25353166 PMCID: PMC4212987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dog dander extract used for diagnosis and allergen-specific immunotherapy is often of variable and of poor quality. Objective To assemble four well-established dog allergen components into one recombinant folded protein for improved diagnosis and vaccination of allergy to dog. Methods A linked molecule, comprising the four dog lipocalin allergens Can f 1, Can f 2, Can f 4 and Can f 6 was constructed. The tetrameric protein was structurally characterized by small angle X-ray scattering, and compared with each single recombinant lipocalin allergen or an equimolar mix of the four allergens by analytical size exclusion chromatography, circular dichroism, allergen-specific IgE in serum by ELISA and allergen-dependent capacity to activate basophils. The immunogenicity of the fusion protein was evaluated in immunized mice by assessing splenocyte proliferation and antibody production. Results The linked tetrameric construct was produced as a soluble fusion protein, with the specific folds of the four individual allergens conserved. This multi-allergen molecule was significantly more efficient (p<0.001) than each single recombinant allergen in binding to dog-specific IgE, and the epitope spectrum was unaffected compared to an equimolar mix of the four allergens. Basophil degranulation revealed that the biologic activity of the linked molecule was retained. Immunization of mice with the linked construct induced comparable allergen-specific IgG responses with blocking capacity towards all included allergens and generated comparably low T-cell responses. Conclusion We provide the first evidence for a linked recombinant molecule covering the major dog allergens for potential use in diagnostics and allergy vaccination of dog allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola B. Nilsson
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theresa Neimert-Andersson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Therapeutic Immune Design Unit, Center for molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Bronge
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Therapeutic Immune Design Unit, Center for molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Grundström
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ranjana Sarma
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Uchtenhagen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexey Kikhney
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) - Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tatyana Sandalova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Holmgren
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Therapeutic Immune Design Unit, Center for molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dmitri Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) - Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adnane Achour
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Grönlund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Therapeutic Immune Design Unit, Center for molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Luengo O, Cardona V. Component resolved diagnosis: when should it be used? Clin Transl Allergy 2014; 4:28. [PMID: 25250172 PMCID: PMC4171720 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-4-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge on molecular allergy diagnosis is continuously evolving. It is now time for the clinician to integrate this knowledge and use it when needed to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and thus provide more precise therapeutic and avoidance measures. This review does not intend to comprehensively analyze all the available allergen molecules, but to provide some practical clues on use and interpretation of molecular allergy diagnosis. The potential role of component resolved diagnosis in circumstances such as the indication of allergen immunotherapy, pollen polysensitization, food allergy, latex allergy or anaphylaxis, is assessed. Interpreting the information provided by molecular allergy diagnosis needs a structured approach. It is necessary to evaluate single positivities and negativities, but also to appraise "the big picture" with perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Luengo
- Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Allergy Research Group, Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victòria Cardona
- Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Allergy Research Group, Institut de Recerca Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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van Hage M, Pauli G. New vaccines for Mammalian allergy using molecular approaches. Front Immunol 2014; 5:81. [PMID: 24672521 PMCID: PMC3954059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) offers a disease specific causative treatment by modifying the allergen-specific immune response allowing tolerance to higher doses of allergen and preventing progression of allergic diseases. It may be considered in patients allergic to furry animals. Current mammalian allergy vaccines are still prepared from relatively poorly defined allergen extracts and may induce immediate and late phase side effects. Although the mechanisms of SIT are still not fully understood, the more recent approaches report different strategies to reduce both allergen-specific IgE as well as T cell reactivity. The availability of recombinant allergens and synthetic peptides from the mammalian species has contributed to formulating new allergy vaccines to improve SIT for furry animal allergy. The majority of studies have focused on the major cat allergen Fel d 1 due to its extensive characterization in terms of IgE and T cell epitopes and to its dominant role in cat allergy. Here we review the most recent approaches, e.g., synthetic peptides, recombinant allergen derivatives, different hypoallergenic molecules, and recombinant allergens coupled to virus-like particles or immunomodulatory substances as well as strategies targeting the allergen to Fcγ receptors and the MHC class II pathway using a new route for administration. Many of the new vaccines hold promise but only a few of them have been investigated in clinical trials which will be the gold standard for evaluation of safety and efficacy in allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne van Hage
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Gabrielle Pauli
- Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg University , Strasbourg , France
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