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Chu LX, Wang WJ, Gu XP, Wu P, Gao C, Zhang Q, Wu J, Jiang DW, Huang JQ, Ying XW, Shen JM, Jiang Y, Luo LH, Xu JP, Ying YB, Chen HM, Fang A, Feng ZY, An SH, Li XK, Wang ZG. Spatiotemporal multi-omics: exploring molecular landscapes in aging and regenerative medicine. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:31. [PMID: 38797843 PMCID: PMC11129507 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging and regeneration represent complex biological phenomena that have long captivated the scientific community. To fully comprehend these processes, it is essential to investigate molecular dynamics through a lens that encompasses both spatial and temporal dimensions. Conventional omics methodologies, such as genomics and transcriptomics, have been instrumental in identifying critical molecular facets of aging and regeneration. However, these methods are somewhat limited, constrained by their spatial resolution and their lack of capacity to dynamically represent tissue alterations. The advent of emerging spatiotemporal multi-omics approaches, encompassing transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics, furnishes comprehensive insights into these intricate molecular dynamics. These sophisticated techniques facilitate accurate delineation of molecular patterns across an array of cells, tissues, and organs, thereby offering an in-depth understanding of the fundamental mechanisms at play. This review meticulously examines the significance of spatiotemporal multi-omics in the realms of aging and regeneration research. It underscores how these methodologies augment our comprehension of molecular dynamics, cellular interactions, and signaling pathways. Initially, the review delineates the foundational principles underpinning these methods, followed by an evaluation of their recent applications within the field. The review ultimately concludes by addressing the prevailing challenges and projecting future advancements in the field. Indubitably, spatiotemporal multi-omics are instrumental in deciphering the complexities inherent in aging and regeneration, thus charting a course toward potential therapeutic innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Xi Chu
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, 315300, Zhejiang, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drug Development and Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xin-Pei Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drug Development and Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitative Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, United States
| | - Jia Wu
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Da-Wei Jiang
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, 315300, Zhejiang, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drug Development and Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Qing Huang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drug Development and Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Wang Ying
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drug Development and Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Men Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drug Development and Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drug Development and Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Hua Luo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 324025, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Peng Xu
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, 315300, Zhejiang, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drug Development and Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Bo Ying
- National Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drug Development and Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao-Man Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drug Development and Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ao Fang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drug Development and Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zun-Yong Feng
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drug Development and Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
| | - Shu-Hong An
- Department of Human Anatomy, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiao-Kun Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drug Development and Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhou-Guang Wang
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, 315300, Zhejiang, China.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drug Development and Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Institute of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhao F, Guan Y, Su F, Du Z, Wen S, Zhang L, Jin D. Lanthanide-Complex-Enhanced Bioorthogonal Branched DNA Amplification. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1556-1564. [PMID: 38214216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a widely used technique for detecting intracellular nucleic acids. However, its effectiveness in detecting low-copy nucleic acids is limited due to its low fluorescence intensity and background autofluorescence. To address these challenges, we present here an approach of lanthanide-complex-enhanced bioorthogonal-branched DNA amplification (LEBODA) with high sensitivity for in situ nuclear acid detection in single cells. The approach capitalizes on two levels of signal amplification. First, it utilizes click chemistry to directly link a substantial number of bridge probes to target-recognizing probes, providing an initial boost in signal intensity. Second, it incorporates high-density lanthanide complexes into each bridge probe, enabling secondary amplifications. Compared to the traditional "double Z" probes used in the RNAscope method, LEBODA exhibits 4 times the single enhancement for RNA detection signal with the click chemistry approach. Using SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus-infected HeLa cells, we demonstrate the superiority in the detection of viral-infected cells in rare populations as low as 20% infectious rate. More encouragingly, the LEBODA approach can be adapted for DNA-FISH and single-molecule RNA-FISH, as well as other hybridization-based signal amplification methods. This adaptability broadens the potential applications of LEBODA in the sensitive detection of biomolecules, indicating promising prospects for future research and practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yunpeng Guan
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia
| | - Fei Su
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia
| | - Zhongbo Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shihui Wen
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia
| | - Le Zhang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia
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Zhou W, Huang J, Yang X, Zhang X. Detection of dsRNA with Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH). Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2771:35-38. [PMID: 38285388 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3702-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful technique used for detecting and localizing specific nucleic acid sequences in cells or tissues. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a type of RNA with complementary strands, highly produced during the replication cycle of RNA viruses. dsRNA plays an essential role in many biological processes, including the activation of RNA silencing. Here, we present an overview of how FISH can be employed to detect and locate dsRNA. The detection and localization of dsRNA through FISH provide valuable insights into RNA-mediated processes and their roles in various biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya, China.
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4
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Volpe E, Errani F, Mandrioli L, Ciulli S. Advances in Viral Aquatic Animal Disease Knowledge: The Molecular Methods' Contribution. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030466. [PMID: 36979158 PMCID: PMC10045235 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food-producing sector, with a global production of 122.6 million tonnes in 2020. Nonetheless, aquatic animal production can be hampered by the occurrence of viral diseases. Furthermore, intensive farming conditions and an increasing number of reared fish species have boosted the number of aquatic animals' pathogens that researchers have to deal with, requiring the quick development of new detection and study methods for novel unknown pathogens. In this respect, the molecular tools have significantly contributed to investigating thoroughly the structural constituents of fish viruses and providing efficient detection methods. For instance, next-generation sequencing has been crucial in reassignment to the correct taxonomic family, the sturgeon nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses, a group of viruses historically known, but mistakenly considered as iridoviruses. Further methods such as in situ hybridisation allowed objectifying the role played by the pathogen in the determinism of disease, as the cyprinid herpesvirus 2, ostreid herpesvirus 1 and betanodaviruses. Often, a combination of molecular techniques is crucial to understanding the viral role, especially when the virus is detected in a new aquatic animal species. With this paper, the authors would critically revise the scientific literature, dealing with the molecular techniques employed hitherto to study the most relevant finfish and shellfish viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Volpe
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47042 Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | - Francesca Errani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47042 Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | - Luciana Mandrioli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47042 Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | - Sara Ciulli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47042 Cesenatico, FC, Italy
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Hernandez S, Serrano AG, Solis Soto LM. The Role of Nerve Fibers in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment of Solid Tumors. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200046. [PMID: 35751462 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The importance of neurons and nerve fibers in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid tumors is now acknowledged after being unexplored for a long time; this is possible due to the development of new technologies that allow in situ characterization of the TME. Recent studies have shown that the density and types of nerves that innervate tumors can predict a patient's clinical outcome and drive several processes of tumor biology. Nowadays, several efforts in cancer research and neuroscience are taking place to elucidate the mechanisms that drive tumor-associated innervation and nerve-tumor and nerve-immune interaction. Assessment of neurons and nerves within the context of the TME can be performed in situ, in tumor tissue, using several pathology-based strategies that utilize histochemical and immunohistochemistry principles, hi-plex technologies, and computational pathology approaches to identify measurable histopathological characteristics of nerves. These features include the number and type of tumor associated nerves, topographical location and microenvironment of neural invasion of malignant cells, and investigation of neuro-related biomarker expression in nerves, tumor cells, and cells of the TME. A deeper understanding of these complex interactions and the impact of nerves in tumor biology will guide the design of better strategies for targeted therapy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharia Hernandez
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alejandra G Serrano
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Luisa M Solis Soto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Application of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Assisted by Fluorescence Microscope in Detection of Her2 Gene in Breast Cancer Patients. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:3087681. [PMID: 36017025 PMCID: PMC9388259 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3087681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the important factors for evaluating the prognosis of breast cancer patients, a fluorescence microscopy-assisted fluorescence in situ hybridization technique was proposed. Compared with other detection techniques, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technology assisted by a fluorescence microscope has gradually gained favor in related fields due to its advantages of high detection specificity, high sensitivity, and strong experimental period. Combined with the basic overview of fluorescence microscopy and FISH technology, the advantages and application points of FISH technology assisted by fluorescence microscopy in the detection of the Her2 gene in breast cancer patients were studied and discussed. The results show that IHC can be used as the primary screening for HER2 gene status detection; IHC (2+) and IHC (3+) have false positives, which are related to chromosome 17 polysomy, so FISH should be done to confirm the diagnosis.
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Hernandez S, Lazcano R, Serrano A, Powell S, Kostousov L, Mehta J, Khan K, Lu W, Solis LM. Challenges and Opportunities for Immunoprofiling Using a Spatial High-Plex Technology: The NanoString GeoMx ® Digital Spatial Profiler. Front Oncol 2022; 12:890410. [PMID: 35847846 PMCID: PMC9277770 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.890410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the tumor microenvironment through immunoprofiling has become an essential resource for the understanding of the complex immune cell interactions and the assessment of biomarkers for prognosis and prediction of immunotherapy response; however, these studies are often limited by tissue heterogeneity and sample size. The nanoString GeoMx® Digital Spatial Profiler (DSP) is a platform that allows high-plex profiling at the protein and RNA level, providing spatial and temporal assessment of tumors in frozen or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded limited tissue sample. Recently, high-impact studies have shown the feasibility of using this technology to identify biomarkers in different settings, including predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy in different tumor types. These studies showed that compared to other multiplex and high-plex platforms, the DSP can interrogate a higher number of biomarkers with higher throughput; however, it does not provide single-cell resolution, including co-expression of biomarker or spatial information at the single-cell level. In this review, we will describe the technical overview of the platform, present current evidence of the advantages and limitations of the applications of this technology, and provide important considerations for the experimental design for translational immune-oncology research using this tissue-based high-plex profiling approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharia Hernandez
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rossana Lazcano
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alejandra Serrano
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven Powell
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Larissa Kostousov
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jay Mehta
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Khaja Khan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Luisa M Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Walsh HL, Blazer VS, Mazik PM. Development of a Multiplex Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Assay to Identify Coinfections in Young-of-the-Year Smallmouth Bass. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2022; 34:12-19. [PMID: 34623705 PMCID: PMC9293417 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Histopathological assessments of young-of-the-year (age-0) Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu in the Susquehanna River drainage identified a high prevalence of the myxozoan Myxobolus inornatus. This myxozoan infects the connective tissue of the muscle below the skin but is sometimes observed in the esophagus and buccal cavity. In some instances, shallow infections cause breaks in the skin, which could increase the chance of opportunistic bacterial infections. Several microbial pathogens, including Flavobacterium columnare, Aeromonas spp., and Largemouth Bass virus, have also been cultured from clinically diseased young of year. A multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was developed to determine potential colocalization of M. inornatus, Flavobacterium spp., and Aeromonas spp. infections. With FISH, 75% of age-0 Smallmouth Bass exhibited M. inornatus infections, 10% had Aeromonas spp. infections, and 5% had Flavobacterium spp. infections, while 3% had coinfections with both bacterial species and M. inornatus. The results of the multiplex FISH assay revealed a low occurrence of coinfections of Flavobacterium spp. and/or Aeromonas spp. with M. inornatus in randomly sampled individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L. Walsh
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Leetown Research Laboratory11649 Leetown RoadKearneysvilleWest Virginia25430USA
| | - Vicki S. Blazer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Leetown Research Laboratory11649 Leetown RoadKearneysvilleWest Virginia25430USA
| | - Patricia M. Mazik
- U.S. Geological SurveyWest Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitWest Virginia University, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design313C Percival HallMorgantownWest Virginia26506USA
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Abstract
In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique that uses nucleic acid probes to allow for visualization of nucleic acid sequences in cellular/tissue preparations. Both enzymatic and fluorescent ISH studies can be used as adjunct studies, and in some cases are vital to making specific diagnoses. This chapter will focus on fluorescent in situ hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette M Ramos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Corchuelo S, Gómez CY, Rosales AA, Santamaria G, Rivera JA, Saad EP, Torres-Fernández O, Rengifo AC. CISH and IHC for the Simultaneous Detection of ZIKV RNA and Antigens in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Cell Blocks and Tissues. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e319. [PMID: 34936226 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus is an arthropod-borne virus that has recently emerged as a significant public health emergency due to its association with congenital malformations. Serological and molecular tests are typically used to confirm Zika virus infection. These methods, however, have limitations when the interest is in localizing the virus within the tissue and identifying the specific cell types involved in viral dissemination. Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are common histological techniques used for intracellular localization of RNA and protein expression, respectively. The combined use of CISH and IHC is important to obtain information about RNA replication and the location of infected target cells involved in Zika virus neuropathogenesis. There are no reports, however, of detailed procedures for the simultaneous detection of Zika virus RNA and proteins in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Furthermore, the chromogenic detection methods for Zika virus RNA published thus far use expensive commercial kits, limiting their widespread use. As an alternative, we describe here a detailed and cost-effective step-by-step procedure for the simultaneous detection of Zika virus RNA and proteins in FFPE samples. First, we describe how to synthesize and purify homemade RNA probes conjugated with digoxygenin. Then, we outline the steps to perform the chromogenic detection of Zika virus RNA using these probes, and how to combine this technique with the immunodetection of viral antigens. To illustrate the entire workflow, we use FFPE samples derived from infected Vero cells as well as from human and mouse brain tissues. These methods are highly adaptable and can be used to study Zika virus or even other viruses of public health relevance, providing an optimal and economical alternative for laboratories with limited resources. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of RNA probes conjugated with digoxigenin (DIG) Basic Protocol 2: Simultaneous detection of ZIKV RNA and proteins in FFPE cell blocks and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryll Corchuelo
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Claudia Y Gómez
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Alicia A Rosales
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Gerardo Santamaria
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Jorge Alonso Rivera
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Edgar Parra Saad
- Grupo de Patología, Dirección de Redes en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Orlando Torres-Fernández
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Aura Caterine Rengifo
- Grupo de Morfología Celular, Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
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Cao D, Wu S, Xi C, Li D, Zhu K, Zhang Z, Gong H, Luo Q, Yang J. Preparation of long single-strand DNA concatemers for high-level fluorescence in situ hybridization. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1224. [PMID: 34697406 PMCID: PMC8545947 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful tool to visualize transcripts in fixed cells and tissues. Despite the recent advances in FISH detection methods, it remains challenging to achieve high-level FISH imaging with a simple workflow. Here, we introduce a method to prepare long single-strand DNA concatemers (lssDNAc) through a controllable rolling-circle amplification (CRCA). Prepared lssDNAcs are used to develop AmpFISH workflows. In addition, we present its applications in different scenarios. AmpFISH shows the following advantages: 1) enhanced FISH signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) up to 160-fold compared with single-molecule FISH; 2) simultaneous detection of FISH signals and fluorescent proteins or immunofluorescence (IF) in tissues; 3) simple workflows; and 4) cost-efficiency. In brief, AmpFISH provides convenient and versatile tools for sensitive RNA/DNA detection and to gain useful information on cellular molecules using simple workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjian Cao
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Sa Wu
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Caili Xi
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Dong Li
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Kaiheng Zhu
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Britton Chance Center and MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
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Mungenast F, Fernando A, Nica R, Boghiu B, Lungu B, Batra J, Ecker RC. Next-Generation Digital Histopathology of the Tumor Microenvironment. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:538. [PMID: 33917241 PMCID: PMC8068063 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in cancer research is substantially dependent on innovative technologies that permit a concerted analysis of the tumor microenvironment and the cellular phenotypes resulting from somatic mutations and post-translational modifications. In view of a large number of genes, multiplied by differential splicing as well as post-translational protein modifications, the ability to identify and quantify the actual phenotypes of individual cell populations in situ, i.e., in their tissue environment, has become a prerequisite for understanding tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The need for quantitative analyses has led to a renaissance of optical instruments and imaging techniques. With the emergence of precision medicine, automated analysis of a constantly increasing number of cellular markers and their measurement in spatial context have become increasingly necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms that lead to different pathways of disease progression in individual patients. In this review, we summarize the joint effort that academia and industry have undertaken to establish methods and protocols for molecular profiling and immunophenotyping of cancer tissues for next-generation digital histopathology-which is characterized by the use of whole-slide imaging (brightfield, widefield fluorescence, confocal, multispectral, and/or multiplexing technologies) combined with state-of-the-art image cytometry and advanced methods for machine and deep learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Mungenast
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- TissueGnostics GmbH, 1020 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Achala Fernando
- Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (A.F.); (J.B.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | | | - Bogdan Boghiu
- TissueGnostics SRL, 700028 Iasi, Romania; (B.B.); (B.L.)
| | - Bianca Lungu
- TissueGnostics SRL, 700028 Iasi, Romania; (B.B.); (B.L.)
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (A.F.); (J.B.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Rupert C. Ecker
- TissueGnostics GmbH, 1020 Vienna, Austria;
- Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (A.F.); (J.B.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
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13
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Hui C, Bai H, Liu J, Lu X, Wang S, Zhang Z, Jin M, Wang Y, Liu Y. Accuracy of HPV E6/E7 mRNA examination using in situ hybridization in diagnosing cervical intraepithelial lesions. Diagn Pathol 2021; 16:13. [PMID: 33608003 PMCID: PMC7896359 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-021-01072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The consistency of pathologists in the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CINs) is not ideal, especially between low- and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL and HSIL). This study was aimed to explore efficient strategies for the grading of CINs. Methods The medical records of patients with high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections who had underwent cervical biopsy or conization from April 2018 to April 2019 in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital were collected and examined. The HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA in the tissues of patients with CINs was detected using RNAscope chromogenic in situ hybridization (RISH). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to evaluate the expression of p16INK4a (P16) and Ki67. Results HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA signals were detected in 3/27 (11.1 %) of CIN 1, and in 32/33 (97.0 %) of CIN 2/3. Most of the staining patterns (27/32, 84.4 %) had a full-thickness epithelial layer staining with weak-to-strong nuclear and cytoplasmic dot-like signals in CIN 2/3, and there were also few special staining patterns that were significantly different from the others. A number of indicators were compared between LSIL and HSIL. There were statistically significant differences in E6/E7 mRNA, p16, Ki67 and cytology between the two groups (P < 0.05). According to the logistic regression analysis, merely E6/E7 mRNA positivity was significantly associated with CIN2/3 (OR: 52.53, 95 % CI, P < 0.05). In the detection of CIN 2/3, the sensitivity and specificity of HPV E6/E7 mRNA alone was not significantly inferior to that of its different combinations with Ki67, p16 and cytology (all, P > 0.05). Conclusions RISH is efficient in grading of CINs. The HPV E6/E7 mRNA expression might reflect the phase HPV infections, and its positive pattern might predict the development direction of CINs, providing the possibility to realize more accurate treatments for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, No. 2428, Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261042, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, North Road of Workers Stadium, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Huimin Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, North Road of Workers Stadium, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, North Road of Workers Stadium, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xuerong Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, No. 2428, Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261042, China
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, North Road of Workers Stadium, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, North Road of Workers Stadium, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Mulan Jin
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, No. 2428, Yuhe Road, Weifang, 261042, China.
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[RNA in situ hybridization: technology, potential, and fields of application]. DER PATHOLOGE 2021; 41:563-573. [PMID: 32997158 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-020-00839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Significant improvements in the technology of RNA in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH) in the past five decades have opened up novel fields of its application as a valuable and an attractive adjunct to the portfolio of pathologist's daily routine diagnostic practice.In contrast to the former methodology, the current bDNA-based technology is not only easier to handle but also considerably more sensitive, enabling single-target molecule detection in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens without significant effort by both the lab and the evaluating pathologist, as assays can be run on standard automated staining devices and evaluated by light microscopy. Compared to molecular methods like RT-PCR and whole-genome analysis, RNA-ISH maintains tissue integrity thus offering the invaluable advantage of localization of target cells especially in relation to secreted proteins and expression of the target sequence in multiple cell types. The first clinical trials implementing RNA-ISH for patient stratification and selection are in progress and already led to the first drug approvals based on its use as a CDx test.In addition to its role as a complementary method for the establishment of novel IHC procedures or as an addition or replacement to IHC in the standard routine portfolio, RNA-ISH has gained special importance for its capacity to detect noncoding RNA species or mutation or splice variants, where no alternative procedures are available. This more complex application requires development of standardized procedures and involvement of the pathologist during assay establishment and for routine specimen evaluation.The present article reviews the development of RNA-ISH from its early uses to its current applications in research and diagnostics based on the authors' considerable experience of applying it as tool in a biopharmaceutical research organization.
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Foiani G, Zanardello C, Carminato A, Melchiotti E, Roccabianca P, Tecilla M, Vascellari M. Chromogenic in situ hybridization for the detection of lambda and kappa immunoglobulin light chains as a potential auxiliary diagnostic technique in canine plasmacytomas. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:675-682. [PMID: 32627692 PMCID: PMC7488974 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720938687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous morphologic features of canine plasmacytomas (PCTs) can make their differentiation from other round cell tumors challenging. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for lambda (λ) and kappa (к) immunoglobulin (Ig) light chains is often equivocal because of high background staining. The chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) technique for light chains has shown higher sensitivity compared to IHC in human plasma cell tumors. Therefore, we aimed to validate automated CISH for light chains in canine tissues and to evaluate its diagnostic potential in canine PCTs, in conjunction with routinely used IHC markers. CISH for light chains demonstrated a clear signal in plasma cell populations of canine control tissues (lymph nodes, lymphoplasmacytic inflammation) showing a polyclonal pattern with a prevalence of λ-producing cells. CISH detected monotypic light chain expression in 33 of 53 (62%) PCTs, 31 expressing λ and 2 expressing к. CISH was more sensitive than IHC for λ light chain (58% vs. 47%, respectively) and more easily interpretable given the absence of confounding background staining. The absence of CISH staining for both λ and к in a considerable subset of tumors may be the result of lower light chain production by neoplastic cells. Multiple myeloma oncogene 1 (MUM1) was expressed by all but 2 PCTs (96%), which showed λ expression by CISH and IHC. The identification of poorly differentiated canine PCTs requires the assessment of a panel of IHC markers, with the potential support of CISH for Ig light chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Foiani
- Greta Foiani, Laboratory of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, Legnaro, Padua, 35020, Italy.
| | - Claudia Zanardello
- Laboratory of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy (Foiani, Zanardello, Carminato, Melchiotti, Vascellari)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milano, Milano, Italy (Roccabianca, Tecilla)
| | - Antonio Carminato
- Laboratory of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy (Foiani, Zanardello, Carminato, Melchiotti, Vascellari)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milano, Milano, Italy (Roccabianca, Tecilla)
| | - Erica Melchiotti
- Laboratory of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy (Foiani, Zanardello, Carminato, Melchiotti, Vascellari)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milano, Milano, Italy (Roccabianca, Tecilla)
| | - Paola Roccabianca
- Laboratory of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy (Foiani, Zanardello, Carminato, Melchiotti, Vascellari)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milano, Milano, Italy (Roccabianca, Tecilla)
| | - Marco Tecilla
- Laboratory of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy (Foiani, Zanardello, Carminato, Melchiotti, Vascellari)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milano, Milano, Italy (Roccabianca, Tecilla)
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Laboratory of Histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy (Foiani, Zanardello, Carminato, Melchiotti, Vascellari)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milano, Milano, Italy (Roccabianca, Tecilla)
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Cross-Platform Comparison of Computer-assisted Image Analysis Quantification of In Situ mRNA Hybridization in Investigative Pathology. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 27:15-26. [PMID: 28682833 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although availability of automated platforms has proliferated, there is no standard practice for computer-assisted generation of scores for mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) visualized by brightfield microscopic imaging on tissue sections. To address this systematically, an ISH for peptidylprolyl isomerase B (PPIB) (cyclophilin B) mRNA was optimized and applied to a tissue microarray of archival non-small cell lung carcinoma cases, and then automated image analysis for PPIB was refined across 4 commercially available software platforms. Operator experience and scoring results from ImageScope, HALO, CellMap, and Developer XD were systematically compared with each other and to manual pathologist scoring. Markup images were compared and contrasted for accuracy, the ability of the platform to identify cells, and the ease of visual assessment to determine appropriate interpretation. Comparing weighted scoring approaches using H-scores (Developer XD, ImageScope, and manual scoring) a correlation was observed (R value=0.7955), and association between the remaining 2 approaches (HALO and CellMap) was of similar value. ImageScope showed the highest R value in comparison with manual scoring (0.7377). Mean-difference plots showed that HALO produced the highest relative normalized values, suggesting higher relative sensitivity. ImageScope overestimated PPIB ISH signal at the high end of the range scores; however, this tendency was not observed in other platforms. HALO emerged with the highest number of favorable observations, no apparent systematic bias in score generation compared with the other methods, and potentially higher sensitivity to detect ISH. HALO may serve as a tool to empower teams of investigative pathology laboratory scientists to assist pathologists readily with quantitative scoring of ISH.
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Li C, Hu S, Lei Q, Wang C, Yang Y, Yang Y, Sun X. Establishment and optimization of mRNA in situ hybridization system in turnip ( Brassica rapa var . rapa). PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:115. [PMID: 31636692 PMCID: PMC6794860 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In situ hybridization (ISH) is a general molecular biological technique used to determine the spatiotemporal expression of genes in many species. In the past few years, numerous ISH protocols have been established in many species. Turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa) is an important crop in the world, especially in the Plateau area of China, and is a traditional Tibetan medicine. However, ISH protocol in turnip has not been established. RESULTS We explored and established an optimal workflow for mRNA ISH system for turnip which has been evaluated using BrrCLV3 and BrrWUSa. The optimal methods include: (1) fixation method, (2) protease K pretreatment time, (3) probe length and concentration, (4) washing temperature. We also provide advice on weakening background and improving the efficiency of RNA transcription in vitro. The expression of the BrrCLV3 gene in turnip was detected by the optimized system, and the applicability of the system was confirmed by using BrrWUSa. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we established and optimized the mRNA ISH system for turnip. We explored and found that (1) FAA fixative was the optimized fixation method, (2) 30 min was the optimized protease K pretreatment time, (3) 100 bp, 100 ng/ml probe had good hybridization signal, (4) the optimized washing temperature was 52 °C. It provides a powerful method to locate mRNA in the tissue, which can study the expression and function of turnip's genes. As such, it has considerable advantages in terms of time and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Simin Hu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qidong Lei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Chongde Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Yunqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Yongping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Xudong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
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Yonesaka K, Tanaka K, Kitano M, Kawakami H, Hayashi H, Takeda M, Sakai K, Nishio K, Doi K, Nakagawa K. Aberrant HER3 ligand heregulin-expressing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is resistant to anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab, but not second-generation EGFR-TKI. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:54. [PMID: 31570699 PMCID: PMC6769016 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody cetuximab is standard therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, most HNSCC tumors are resistant to it and require alternative treatments. Here, we explored the mechanism of cetuximab resistance and evaluated its clinical relevance in HNSCC. An unbiased comprehensive transcriptome analysis was performed on cetuximab-resistant HNSCC FaDuCR cells. The causative resistance genome was knocked down with siRNA, cell signaling was immunologically analyzed, and drug efficacy was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) of the causative genome was performed using 28 excised HNSCC tumors and its relationship with cetuximab efficacy was analyzed. FaDuCR cells were resistant to cetuximab, whereas parental FaDu cells were susceptible to it. FaDuCR cells expressed consistently higher levels of phosphorylated Akt than FaDu cells despite cetuximab exposure. A comprehensive transcriptome analysis revealed that the HER3-ligand heregulin was upregulated in FaDuCR cells compared to FaDu cells. Heregulin knockdown in FaDuCR cells repressed HER3 and Akt phosphorylation and recovered cetuximab anticancer efficacy. In contrast, pan-HER family tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as afatinib decreased HER3 and Akt phosphorylation in FaDuCR cells and inhibited FaDuCR tumor growth. Two of the 28 HNSCC tumor samples presented aberrant heregulin expression comparable to that of FaDuCR cells and were resistant to cetuximab therapy. In HNSCC, heregulin-mediated HER3-Akt activation causes resistance to cetuximab but not to second-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Subpopulations with aberrant heregulin-expressing HNSCC might be resistant to cetuximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Yonesaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mutsukazu Kitano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisato Kawakami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsumi Doi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayamashi, Osaka, Japan
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Moukengue B, Amiaud J, Jacques C, Charrier C, Ory B, Lamoureux F. Analysis of mRNA, miRNA, and DNA in Bone Cells by RT-qPCR and In Situ Hybridization. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1914:169-196. [PMID: 30729465 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8997-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to describe a method used to evaluate gene expression and microRNAs (miRNAs) in bone cells or tissue using Reverse transcription and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR), and a method to assess chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) on Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE ) mouse bone tissue to detect both DNA and mRNA transcripts using the double digoxigenin (DIG) locked nucleic acid (LNA™) probes .
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Moukengue
- INSERM, UMR1238, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Amiaud
- INSERM, UMR1238, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Nantes, France
| | - Camille Jacques
- INSERM, UMR1238, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Nantes, France
| | - Céline Charrier
- INSERM, UMR1238, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Ory
- INSERM, UMR1238, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Nantes, France
| | - Francois Lamoureux
- INSERM, UMR1238, Bone Sarcoma and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, Nantes, France.
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Hubens WHG, Breddels EM, Walid Y, Ramdas WD, Webers CAB, Gorgels TGMF. Mapping mRNA Expression of Glaucoma Genes in the Healthy Mouse Eye. Curr Eye Res 2019; 44:1006-1017. [PMID: 30978300 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1607392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim: Many genes have been associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Knowing exactly where they are expressed in the eye helps to unravel POAG pathology and to select optimal targets for intervention. We investigated whether RNA in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH) is a convenient technique to obtain detailed pan-ocular expression data of these genes. We tested this for four diverse candidate POAG genes, selected because of unclear ocular distribution (F5 and Dusp1) and relevance for potential new therapies (Tnf, Tgfβr3). Optn, a POAG gene with well-known ocular expression pattern served as control. Methods: We made a list of candidate glaucoma genes reported in genetic studies. A table of their ocular expression at the tissue level was compiled using publicly available microarray data (the ocular tissue database). To add cellular detail we performed RNA-ISH for Optn, Tnf, Tgfβr3, F5, and Dusp1 on eyes of healthy, 2-month-old, pigmented, and albino mice. Results: Expression of the Optn control matched with published immunohistochemistry data. Ocular expression of Tnf was generally low, with patches of higher Tnf expression, superficially in the corneal epithelium. F5 had a restricted expression pattern with high expression in the nonpigmented ciliary body epithelium and moderate expression in the peripapillary region. Tgfβr3 and Dusp1 showed ubiquitous expression. Conclusions: RNA-ISH is a suitable technique to determine the ocular expression pattern of POAG genes, adding meaningful cellular detail to existing microarray expression data. For instance, the high expression of F5 in the nonpigmented ciliary body epithelium suggests a role of this gene in aqueous humor dynamics and intraocular pressure. In addition, the ubiquitous expression of Tgfβr3 has implications for designing TGF-β-related glaucoma therapies, with respect to side effects. Creating pan-ocular expression maps of POAG genes with RNA-ISH will help to identify POAG pathways in specific cell types and to select targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter H G Hubens
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht , The Netherlands.,Department of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Esmee M Breddels
- Department of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Youssef Walid
- Department of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Wishal D Ramdas
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht , The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | | | - Theo G M F Gorgels
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center , Maastricht , The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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21
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Ch'ng SS, Fu J, Brown RM, Smith CM, Hossain MA, McDougall SJ, Lawrence AJ. Characterization of the relaxin family peptide receptor 3 system in the mouse bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:2615-2633. [PMID: 30947365 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a critical node involved in stress and reward-related behaviors. Relaxin family peptide receptor 3 (RXFP3) signaling in the BNST has been implicated in stress-induced alcohol seeking behavior. However, the neurochemical phenotype and connectivity of BNST RXFP3-expressing (RXFP3+) cells have yet to be elucidated. We interrogated the molecular signature and electrophysiological properties of BNST RXFP3+ neurons using a RXFP3-Cre reporter mouse line. BNST RXFP3+ cells are circumscribed to the dorsal BNST (dBNST) and are neurochemically heterogeneous, comprising a mix of inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Immunohistochemistry revealed that ~48% of BNST RXFP3+ neurons are GABAergic, and a quarter of these co-express the calcium-binding protein, calbindin. A subset of BNST RXFP3+ cells (~41%) co-express CaMKIIα, suggesting this subpopulation of BNST RXFP3+ neurons are excitatory. Corroborating this, RNAscope® revealed that ~35% of BNST RXFP3+ cells express vVGluT2 mRNA, indicating a subpopulation of RXFP3+ neurons are glutamatergic. RXFP3+ neurons show direct hyperpolarization to bath application of a selective RXFP3 agonist, RXFP3-A2, while around 50% of cells were depolarised by exogenous corticotrophin releasing factor. In behaviorally naive mice the majority of RXFP3+ neurons were Type II cells exhibiting Ih and T type calcium mediated currents. However, chronic swim stress caused persistent plasticity, decreasing the proportion of neurons that express these channels. These studies are the first to characterize the BNST RXFP3 system in mouse and lay the foundation for future functional studies appraising the role of the murine BNST RXFP3 system in more complex behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Ch'ng
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jingjing Fu
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn M Brown
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig M Smith
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Stuart J McDougall
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Hultman K, Scarlett JM, Baquero AF, Cornea A, Zhang Y, Salinas CBG, Brown J, Morton GJ, Whalen EJ, Grove KL, Koegler FH, Schwartz MW, Mercer AJ. The central fibroblast growth factor receptor/beta klotho system: Comprehensive mapping in Mus musculus and comparisons to nonhuman primate and human samples using an automated in situ hybridization platform. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:2069-2085. [PMID: 30809795 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Central activation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors regulates peripheral glucose homeostasis and reduces food intake in preclinical models of obesity and diabetes. The current work was undertaken to advance our understanding of the receptor expression, as sites of ligand action by FGF19, FGF21, and FGF1 in the mammalian brain remains unresolved. Recent advances in automated RNAscope in situ hybridization and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) technology allowed us to interrogate central FGFR/beta klotho (Klb) system at the cellular level in the mouse, with relevant comparisons to nonhuman primate and human brain. FGFR1-3 gene expression was broadly distributed throughout the CNS in Mus musculus, with FGFR1 exhibiting the greatest heterogeneity. FGFR4 expression localized only in the medial habenula and subcommissural organ of mice. Likewise, Klb mRNA was restricted to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCh) and select midbrain and hindbrain nuclei. ddPCR in the rodent hypothalamus confirmed that, although expression levels are indeed low for Klb, there is nonetheless a bonafide subpopulation of Klb+ cells in the hypothalamus. In NHP and human midbrain and hindbrain, Klb + cells are quite rare, as is expression of FGFR4. Collectively, these data provide the most robust central map of the FGFR/Klb system to date and highlight central regions that may be of critical importance to assess central ligand effects with pharmacological dosing, such as the putative interactions between the endocrine FGFs and FGFR1/Klb, or FGF19 with FGFR4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jarrad M Scarlett
- Diabetes & Obesity Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Arian F Baquero
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | - Anda Cornea
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | - Yu Zhang
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Jenny Brown
- Diabetes & Obesity Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gregory J Morton
- Diabetes & Obesity Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Erin J Whalen
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | - Kevin L Grove
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | - Frank H Koegler
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- Diabetes & Obesity Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Aaron J Mercer
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, Washington
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23
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Ragan IK, Schuck KN, Upreti D, Odendaal L, Richt JA, Trujillo JD, Wilson WC, Davis AS. Rift Valley Fever Viral RNA Detection by In Situ Hybridization in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019; 19:553-556. [PMID: 30720389 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic outbreaks of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a zoonotic, mosquito-borne Phlebovirus, cause abortion storms and death in sheep and cattle resulting in catastrophic economic impacts in endemic regions of Africa. More recently, with changes in competent vector distribution, growing international trade, and its potential use for bioterrorism, RVFV has become a transboundary animal disease of significant concern. New and sensitive techniques that determine RVFV presence, while lessening the potential for environmental contamination and human risk, through the use of inactivated, noninfectious samples such as formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are needed. FFPE tissue in situ hybridization (ISH) enables the detection of nucleic acid sequences within the visual context of cellular and tissue morphology. Here, we present a chromogenic pan-RVFV ISH assay based on RNAscope® technology, which is able to detect multiple RVFV strains in FFPE tissues, enabling visual correlation of RVFV RNA presence with histopathologic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela K Ragan
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Kaitlynn N Schuck
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Deepa Upreti
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Lieza Odendaal
- 2 Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Juergen A Richt
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Jessie D Trujillo
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - William C Wilson
- 3 USDA-ARS Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - A Sally Davis
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.,2 Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
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24
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Yang Y, Zhou M, Fang Q, Shen HB. AnnoFly: annotating Drosophila embryonic images based on an attention-enhanced RNN model. Bioinformatics 2019; 35:2834-2842. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Motivation
In the post-genomic era, image-based transcriptomics have received huge attention, because the visualization of gene expression distribution is able to reveal spatial and temporal expression pattern, which is significantly important for understanding biological mechanisms. The Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project has collected a large-scale spatial gene expression database for studying Drosophila embryogenesis. Given the expression images, how to annotate them for the study of Drosophila embryonic development is the next urgent task. In order to speed up the labor-intensive labeling work, automatic tools are highly desired. However, conventional image annotation tools are not applicable here, because the labeling is at the gene-level rather than the image-level, where each gene is represented by a bag of multiple related images, showing a multi-instance phenomenon, and the image quality varies by image orientations and experiment batches. Moreover, different local regions of an image correspond to different CV annotation terms, i.e. an image has multiple labels. Designing an accurate annotation tool in such a multi-instance multi-label scenario is a very challenging task.
Results
To address these challenges, we develop a new annotator for the fruit fly embryonic images, called AnnoFly. Driven by an attention-enhanced RNN model, it can weight images of different qualities, so as to focus on the most informative image patterns. We assess the new model on three standard datasets. The experimental results reveal that the attention-based model provides a transparent approach for identifying the important images for labeling, and it substantially enhances the accuracy compared with the existing annotation methods, including both single-instance and multi-instance learning methods.
Availability and implementation
http://www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/annofly/
Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Center for Brain-Like Computing and Machine Intelligence, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Shanghai Education Commission for Intelligent Interaction and Cognitive Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyu Zhou
- Center for Brain-Like Computing and Machine Intelligence, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingwei Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Bin Shen
- Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, China
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25
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Chan S, Filézac de L’Etang A, Rangell L, Caplazi P, Lowe JB, Romeo V. A method for manual and automated multiplex RNAscope in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry on cytospin samples. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207619. [PMID: 30458053 PMCID: PMC6245747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In situ analysis of biomarkers is essential for clinical diagnosis and research purposes. The increasing need to understand the molecular signature of pathologies has led to the blooming of ultrasensitive and multiplexable techniques that combine in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry or immunocytochemistry (IHC or ICC). Most protocols are tailored to formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue sections. However, methods to perform such assays on non-adherent cell samples, such as patient blood-derived PBMCs, rare tumor samples, effusions or other body fluids, dissociated or sorted cells, are limited. Typically, a laboratory would need to invest a significant amount of time and resources to establish one such assay. Here, we describe a method that combines ultrasensitive RNAscope-ISH with ICC on cytospin cell preparations. This method allows automated, sensitive, multiplex ISH-ICC on small numbers of non-adherent cells. We provide guidelines for both chromogenic and fluorescent ISH/ICC combinations that can be performed either in fully automated or in manual settings. By using a CD8+ T cells in vitro stimulation paradigm, we demonstrate that this protocol is sensitive enough to detect subtle differences in gene expression and compares well to commonly used methods such as RT-qPCR and flow cytometry with the added benefit of visualization at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chan
- ISH/IHC core—Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Audrey Filézac de L’Etang
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Linda Rangell
- ISH/IHC core—Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Patrick Caplazi
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - John B. Lowe
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Valentina Romeo
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH): History, limitations and what to expect from micro-scale FISH? MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Guo X, Zhao Y, Nguyen H, Liu T, Wang Z, Lou H. Quantitative Analysis of Alternative Pre-mRNA Splicing in Mouse Brain Sections Using RNA In Situ Hybridization Assay. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30199013 DOI: 10.3791/57889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) occurs in more than 90% of human genes. The expression pattern of an alternatively spliced exon is often regulated in a cell type-specific fashion. AS expression patterns are typically analyzed by RT-PCR and RNA-seq using RNA samples isolated from a population of cells. In situ examination of AS expression patterns for a particular biological structure can be carried out by RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) using exon-specific probes. However, this particular use of ISH has been limited because alternative exons are generally too short to design exon-specific probes. In this report, the use of BaseScope, a recently developed technology that employs short antisense oligonucleotides in RNA ISH, is described to analyze AS expression patterns in mouse brain sections. Exon 23a of neurofibromatosis type 1 (Nf1) is used as an example to illustrate that short exon-exon junction probes exhibit robust hybridization signals with high specificity in RNA ISH analysis on mouse brain sections. More importantly, signals detected with exon inclusion- and skipping-specific probes can be used to reliably calculate the percent spliced in values of Nf1 exon 23a expression in different anatomical areas of a mouse brain. The experimental protocol and calculation method for AS analysis are presented. The results indicate that BaseScope provides a powerful new tool to assess AS expression patterns in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Guo
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University; Department of Endocrinology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yiqing Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Hieu Nguyen
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Zhenghe Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Hua Lou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University; Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University;
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28
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Ostromohov N, Huber D, Bercovici M, Kaigala GV. Real-Time Monitoring of Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Kinetics. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11470-11477. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Ostromohov
- IBM Research—Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Deborah Huber
- IBM Research—Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Moran Bercovici
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Govind V. Kaigala
- IBM Research—Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Comparison of Different In Situ Hybridization Techniques for the Detection of Various RNA and DNA Viruses. Viruses 2018; 10:v10070384. [PMID: 30037026 PMCID: PMC6071121 DOI: 10.3390/v10070384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique to determine potential correlations between viruses and lesions. The aim of the study was to compare ISH techniques for the detection of various viruses in different tissues. Tested RNA viruses include atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) in the cerebellum of pigs, equine and bovine hepacivirus (EqHV, BovHepV) in the liver of horses and cattle, respectively, and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) in the cerebrum of goats. Examined DNA viruses comprise canine bocavirus 2 (CBoV-2) in the intestine of dogs, porcine bocavirus (PBoV) in the spinal cord of pigs and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) in cerebrum, lymph node, and lung of pigs. ISH with self-designed digoxigenin-labelled RNA probes revealed a positive signal for SBV, CBoV-2, and PCV-2, whereas it was lacking for APPV, BovHepV, EqHV, and PBoV. Commercially produced digoxigenin-labelled DNA probes detected CBoV-2 and PCV-2, but failed to detect PBoV. ISH with a commercially available fluorescent ISH (FISH)-RNA probe mix identified nucleic acids of all tested viruses. The detection rate and the cell-associated positive area using the FISH-RNA probe mix was highest compared to the results using other probes and protocols, representing a major benefit of this method. Nevertheless, there are differences in costs and procedure time.
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30
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In Situ Hybridization Method for Localization of mRNA Molecules in Medicago Tissue Sections. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1822:145-159. [PMID: 30043303 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8633-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe an in situ hybridization (ISH) method using Invitrogen™ ViewRNA™ ISH Tissue Assay (ThermoFisher Scientific) optimized for Medicago root and nodules sections. The method is based on branched (b)DNA signal amplification technology originally developed for use in microplate format and further adapted for detection of (m)RNAs in mammalian tissue sections. Signal amplification is achieved via a series of sequential hybridizations of linking sequences which are anchored to complementary sequences present on specific oligonucleotide probes. The typical (m)RNA probe set contains ~20 synthetic adjacent oligonucleotide pairs. Each probe is composed of a 20bp primary sequence designed to target sequence of interest and a secondary extended sequence serving as a template for hybridization of a preamplifier oligonucleotide. The preamplifier forms a stable hybrid only if it hybridizes to two adjacent probes. By this principle, background is reduced. Other regions on the preamplifier are designed to hybridize to multiple bDNA amplifier molecules that create a branched structure. Finally, alkaline phosphatase (AP)-labeled oligonucleotides, which are complementary to bDNA amplifier sequences, bind to the bDNA molecule by hybridization. By adding Fast Red substrate, red punctuated precipitates are formed that can be detected by light bright and/or fluorescent microscope. ThermoFisher Scientific ( https://www.thermofisher.com/nl/en/home.html ) designs and synthesizes probe sets for a gene of interest and Invitrogen™ ViewRNA™ ISH Tissue Assay kits include all components required for pretreatment of plant tissues, hybridization and signal amplification.
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31
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Tumour heterogeneity: principles and practical consequences. Virchows Arch 2016; 469:371-84. [PMID: 27412632 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Two major reasons compel us to study tumour heterogeneity: firstly, it represents the basis of acquired therapy resistance, and secondly, it may be one of the major sources of the low level of reproducibility in clinical cancer research. The present review focuses on the heterogeneity of neoplastic disease, both within the primary tumour and between primary tumour and metastases. We discuss different levels of heterogeneity and the current understanding of the phenomenon, as well as imminent developments relevant for clinical research and diagnostic pathology. It is necessary to develop new tools to study heterogeneity and new biomarkers for heterogeneity. Established and new in situ methods will be very useful. In future studies, not only clonal heterogeneity needs to be addressed but also non-clonal phenotypic heterogeneity which might be important for therapy resistance. We also review heterogeneity established in major tumour types, in order to explore potential similarities that might help to define new strategies for targeted therapy.
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32
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Anderson CM, Zhang B, Miller M, Butko E, Wu X, Laver T, Kernag C, Kim J, Luo Y, Lamparski H, Park E, Su N, Ma XJ. Fully Automated RNAscope In Situ Hybridization Assays for Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Cells and Tissues. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2201-8. [PMID: 27191821 PMCID: PMC5132049 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers such as DNA, RNA, and protein are powerful tools in clinical diagnostics and therapeutic development for many diseases. Identifying RNA expression at the single cell level within the morphological context by RNA in situ hybridization provides a great deal of information on gene expression changes over conventional techniques that analyze bulk tissue, yet widespread use of this technique in the clinical setting has been hampered by the dearth of automated RNA ISH assays. Here we present an automated version of the RNA ISH technology RNAscope that is adaptable to multiple automation platforms. The automated RNAscope assay yields a high signal‐to‐noise ratio with little to no background staining and results comparable to the manual assay. In addition, the automated duplex RNAscope assay was able to detect two biomarkers simultaneously. Lastly, assay consistency and reproducibility were confirmed by quantification of TATA‐box binding protein (TBP) mRNA signals across multiple lots and multiple experiments. Taken together, the data presented in this study demonstrate that the automated RNAscope technology is a high performance RNA ISH assay with broad applicability in biomarker research and diagnostic assay development. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2201–2208, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bingqing Zhang
- Advanced Cell Diagnostics, 7707 Gateway Blvd, Newark, California, 94560
| | - Melanie Miller
- Advanced Cell Diagnostics, 7707 Gateway Blvd, Newark, California, 94560
| | - Emerald Butko
- Advanced Cell Diagnostics, 7707 Gateway Blvd, Newark, California, 94560
| | - Xingyong Wu
- Advanced Cell Diagnostics, 7707 Gateway Blvd, Newark, California, 94560
| | - Thomas Laver
- Advanced Cell Diagnostics, 7707 Gateway Blvd, Newark, California, 94560
| | - Casey Kernag
- Advanced Cell Diagnostics, 7707 Gateway Blvd, Newark, California, 94560
| | - Jeffrey Kim
- Advanced Cell Diagnostics, 7707 Gateway Blvd, Newark, California, 94560
| | - Yuling Luo
- Advanced Cell Diagnostics, 7707 Gateway Blvd, Newark, California, 94560
| | - Henry Lamparski
- Advanced Cell Diagnostics, 7707 Gateway Blvd, Newark, California, 94560
| | - Emily Park
- Advanced Cell Diagnostics, 7707 Gateway Blvd, Newark, California, 94560
| | - Nan Su
- Advanced Cell Diagnostics, 7707 Gateway Blvd, Newark, California, 94560
| | - Xiao-Jun Ma
- Advanced Cell Diagnostics, 7707 Gateway Blvd, Newark, California, 94560
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33
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Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is widely used in cytogenetics to determine the localization of DNA sequences on target chromosomes, to provide visible information regarding the physical position of DNA sequences, to determine the abundance and distribution of repetitive sequences that comprise a large proportion of genomes, and to determine the relative chromosome positions of multiple sequences in physical mapping. By mapping on extended chromatin fibers, fiber-FISH can be used to determine the structure and organization of genes or DNA sequences with a high resolution (to a few kilobases). The protocols described here will provide procedures of FISH on metaphase chromosomes and extended chromatin fibers of rice (Oryza sativa). © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Weichang Yu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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34
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Abstract
DNA microarray is a powerful, non-biased discovery technology that allows the analysis of the expression of thousands of genes at a time. The technology can be used for the identification of differential gene expression, genetic mutations associated with diseases, DNA methylation, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and microRNA expression, to name a few. This chapter describes microarray technology for the analysis of differential gene expression in response to estrogen treatment.
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Warford A. In situ hybridisation: Technologies and their application to understanding disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 50:37-48. [PMID: 26797255 DOI: 10.1016/j.proghi.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In situ hybridisation (ISH) is unique amongst molecular analysis methods in providing for the precise microscopic localisation of genes, mRNA and microRNA in metaphase spreads, cell and tissue preparations. The method is well established as a tool to guide appropriate therapeutic intervention in breast, gastric and lung cancer. With the description of ultrasensitive ISH technologies for low copy mRNA demonstration and the relative ease by which microRNA can be visualised, the applications for research and diagnostic purposes is set to increase dramatically. In this review ISH is considered with emphasis on recent technological developments and surveyed for present and future applications in the context of the demonstration of genes, mRNA and microRNA in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Warford
- University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, United Kingdom.
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Carvajal-Hausdorf D, Schalper KA, Neumeister V, Rimm DL. Quantitative measurement of cancer tissue biomarkers in the lab and in the clinic. J Transl Med 2015; 95:385-96. [PMID: 25502176 PMCID: PMC4383674 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of biomolecules in tissues provides contextual information and the possibility to assess the interaction of different cell types and markers. Routine qualitative assessment of immune- and oligonucleotide-based methods in research and the clinic has been associated with assay variability because of lack of stringent validation and subjective interpretation of results. As a result, the vast majority of in situ assays in clinical usage are nonquantitative and, although useful, often of questionable scientific validity. Here, we revisit the reporters and methods used for single- and multiplexed in situ visualization of protein and RNA. Then we examine methods for the use of quantitative platforms for in situ measurement of protein and mRNA levels. Finally, we discuss the challenges of the transition of these methods to the clinic and their potential role as tools for development of companion diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kurt A. Schalper
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - David L. Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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