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Díaz M, Malacrida L. Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Methods to Study Dynamics of Fluorescent Proteins In Vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2564:53-74. [PMID: 36107337 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2667-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins are standard tools for addressing biological questions in a cell biology laboratory. The genetic tagging of protein of interest with fluorescent proteins opens the opportunity to follow them in vivo and to understand their interactions and dynamics. In addition, the latest advances in optical microscopy image acquisition and processing allow us to study many cellular processes in vivo. Techniques such as fluorescence lifetime microscopy and hyperspectral imaging provide valuable tools for understanding fluorescent protein interactions and their photophysics. Finally, fluorescence fluctuation analysis opens the possibility to address questions of molecular diffusion, protein-protein interactions, and oligomerization, among others, yielding quantitative information on the subject of study. This chapter will cover some of the more important advances in cutting-edge technologies and methods that, combined with fluorescent proteins, open new frontiers for biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Díaz
- Advanced Bioimaging Unit, Institut Pasteur of Montevideo & Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leonel Malacrida
- Advanced Bioimaging Unit, Institut Pasteur of Montevideo & Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Lorizate M, Terrones O, Nieto-Garai JA, Rojo-Bartolomé I, Ciceri D, Morana O, Olazar-Intxausti J, Arboleya A, Martin A, Szynkiewicz M, Calleja-Felipe M, Bernardino de la Serna J, Contreras FX. Super-Resolution Microscopy Using a Bioorthogonal-Based Cholesterol Probe Provides Unprecedented Capabilities for Imaging Nanoscale Lipid Heterogeneity in Living Cells. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100430. [PMID: 34928061 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite more than 20 years of work since the lipid raft concept was proposed, the existence of these nanostructures remains highly controversial due to the lack of noninvasive methods to investigate their native nanorganization in living unperturbed cells. There is an unmet need for probes for direct imaging of nanoscale membrane dynamics with high spatial and temporal resolution in living cells. In this paper, a bioorthogonal-based cholesterol probe (chol-N3 ) is developed that, combined with nanoscopy, becomes a new powerful method for direct visualization and characterization of lipid raft at unprecedented resolution in living cells. The chol-N3 probe mimics cholesterol in synthetic and cellular membranes without perturbation. When combined with live-cell super-resolution microscopy, chol-N3 demonstrates the existence of cholesterol-rich nanodomains of <50 nm at the plasma membrane of resting living cells. Using this tool, the lipid membrane structure of such subdiffraction limit domains is identified, and the nanoscale spatiotemporal organization of cholesterol in the plasma membrane of living cells reveals multiple cholesterol diffusion modes at different spatial localizations. Finally, imaging across thick organ samples outlines the potential of this new method to address essential biological questions that were previously beyond reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maier Lorizate
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Oihana Terrones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Jon Ander Nieto-Garai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia/Biofisika Bizkaia Fundazioa (FBB), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Iratxe Rojo-Bartolomé
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia/Biofisika Bizkaia Fundazioa (FBB), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Dalila Ciceri
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia/Biofisika Bizkaia Fundazioa (FBB), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Ornella Morana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia/Biofisika Bizkaia Fundazioa (FBB), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - June Olazar-Intxausti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Aroa Arboleya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia/Biofisika Bizkaia Fundazioa (FBB), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Alexia Martin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marta Szynkiewicz
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Oxford, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Maria Calleja-Felipe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Jorge Bernardino de la Serna
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Oxford, OX11 0FA, UK
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - F-Xabier Contreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48011, Spain
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Bernabé-Rubio M, Bosch-Fortea M, Alonso MA, Bernardino de la Serna J. Multi-dimensional and spatiotemporal correlative imaging at the plasma membrane of live cells to determine the continuum nano-to-micro scale lipid adaptation and collective motion. Methods 2021; 193:136-147. [PMID: 34126167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a specialized plasma membrane protrusion with important receptors for signalling pathways. In polarized epithelial cells, the primary cilium assembles after the midbody remnant (MBR) encounters the centrosome at the apical surface. The membrane surrounding the MBR, namely remnant-associated membrane patch (RAMP), once situated next to the centrosome, releases some of its lipid components to form a centrosome-associated membrane patch (CAMP) from which the ciliary membrane stems. The RAMP undergoes a spatiotemporal membrane refinement during the formation of the CAMP, which becomes highly enriched in condensed membranes with low lateral mobility. To better understand this process, we have developed a correlative imaging approach that yields quantitative information about the lipid lateral packing, its mobility and collective assembly at the plasma membrane at different spatial scales over time. Our work paves the way towards a quantitative understanding of the spatiotemporal lipid collective assembly at the plasma membrane as a functional determinant in cell biology and its direct correlation with the membrane physicochemical state. These findings allowed us to gain a deeper insight into the mechanisms behind the biogenesis of the ciliary membrane of polarized epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Bernabé-Rubio
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain; King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Minerva Bosch-Fortea
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain; Institute of Bioengineering and School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Miguel A Alonso
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Jorge Bernardino de la Serna
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, MRC-Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Harwell OX11 0QX, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Bernabé-Rubio M, Bosch-Fortea M, García E, Bernardino de la Serna J, Alonso MA. Adaptive Lipid Immiscibility and Membrane Remodeling Are Active Functional Determinants of Primary Ciliogenesis. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2000711. [PMID: 34927881 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipid liquid-liquid immiscibility and its consequent lateral heterogeneity have been observed under thermodynamic equilibrium in model and native membranes. However, cholesterol-rich membrane domains, sometimes referred to as lipid rafts, are difficult to observe spatiotemporally in live cells. Despite their importance in many biological processes, robust evidence for their existence remains elusive. This is mainly due to the difficulty in simultaneously determining their chemical composition and physicochemical nature, whilst spatiotemporally resolving their nanodomain lifetime and molecular dynamics. In this study, a bespoke method based on super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and raster imaging correlation spectroscopy (RICS) is used to overcome this issue. This methodology, laser interleaved confocal RICS and STED-RICS (LICSR), enables simultaneous tracking of lipid lateral packing and dynamics at the nanoscale. Previous work indicated that, in polarized epithelial cells, the midbody remnant licenses primary cilium formation through an unidentified mechanism. LICSR shows that lipid immiscibility and its adaptive collective nanoscale self-assembly are crucial for the midbody remnant to supply condensed membranes to the centrosome for the biogenesis of the ciliary membrane. Hence, this work poses a breakthrough in the field of lipid biology by providing compelling evidence of a functional role for liquid ordered-like membranes in primary ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Bernabé-Rubio
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Campus, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Minerva Bosch-Fortea
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Institute of Bioengineering and School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Esther García
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, MRC-Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Harwell, OX11 0QX, UK
- CR-UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jorge Bernardino de la Serna
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, MRC-Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Harwell, OX11 0QX, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Miguel A Alonso
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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Pickford P, Lucey M, Fang Z, Bitsi S, de la Serna JB, Broichhagen J, Hodson DJ, Minnion J, Rutter GA, Bloom SR, Tomas A, Jones B. Signalling, trafficking and glucoregulatory properties of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists exendin-4 and lixisenatide. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3905-3923. [PMID: 32436216 PMCID: PMC7429481 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Amino acid substitutions at the N-termini of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist peptides result in distinct patterns of intracellular signalling, sub-cellular trafficking and efficacy in vivo. Here, we to determine whether sequence differences at the ligand C-termini of clinically approved GLP-1 receptor agonists exendin-4 and lixisenatide lead to similar phenomena. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Exendin-4, lixisenatide and N-terminally substituted analogues with biased signalling characteristics were compared across a range of in vitro trafficking and signalling assays in different cell types. Fluorescent ligands and new time-resolved FRET approaches were developed to study agonist behaviours at the cellular and sub-cellular level. Anti-hyperglycaemic and anorectic effects of each parent ligand and their biased derivatives were assessed in mice. KEY RESULTS Lixisenatide and exendin-4 showed equal binding affinity, but lixisenatide was fivefold less potent for cAMP signalling. Both peptides induced extensive GLP-1 receptor clustering in the plasma membrane and were rapidly endocytosed, but the GLP-1 receptor recycled more slowly to the cell surface after lixisenatide treatment. These combined deficits resulted in reduced maximal sustained insulin secretion and reduced anti-hyperglycaemic and anorectic effects in mice with lixisenatide. N-terminal substitution of His1 by Phe1 to both ligands had favourable effects on their pharmacology, resulting in improved insulin release and lowering of blood glucose. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Changes to the C-terminus of exendin-4 affect signalling potency and GLP-1 receptor trafficking via mechanisms unrelated to GLP-1 receptor occupancy. These differences were associated with changes in their ability to control blood glucose and therefore may be therapeutically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Pickford
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Maria Lucey
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Zijian Fang
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stavroula Bitsi
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional GenomicsImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Department Chemical BiologyMax Planck Institute for Medical ResearchHeidelbergGermany
- Department Chemical BiologyLeibniz‐Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP)BerlinGermany
| | - David J. Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)University of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismBirmingham Health PartnersBirminghamUK
| | - James Minnion
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional GenomicsImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stephen R. Bloom
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional GenomicsImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ben Jones
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
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A tumor-targeted trimeric 4-1BB-agonistic antibody induces potent anti-tumor immunity without systemic toxicity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4809. [PMID: 30442944 PMCID: PMC6237851 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07195-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The costimulation of immune cells using first-generation anti-4-1BB monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has demonstrated anti-tumor activity in human trials. Further clinical development, however, is restricted by significant off-tumor toxicities associated with FcγR interactions. Here, we have designed an Fc-free tumor-targeted 4-1BB-agonistic trimerbody, 1D8N/CEGa1, consisting of three anti-4-1BB single-chain variable fragments and three anti-EGFR single-domain antibodies positioned in an extended hexagonal conformation around the collagen XVIII homotrimerization domain. The1D8N/CEGa1 trimerbody demonstrated high-avidity binding to 4-1BB and EGFR and a potent in vitro costimulatory capacity in the presence of EGFR. The trimerbody rapidly accumulates in EGFR-positive tumors and exhibits anti-tumor activity similar to IgG-based 4-1BB-agonistic mAbs. Importantly, treatment with 1D8N/CEGa1 does not induce systemic inflammatory cytokine production or hepatotoxicity associated with IgG-based 4-1BB agonists. These results implicate FcγR interactions in the 4-1BB-agonist-associated immune abnormalities, and promote the use of the non-canonical antibody presented in this work for safe and effective costimulatory strategies in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer therapy using systemically administrated 4-1BB-targeting antibodies is often associated with severe toxicity due to the nonspecific activation of autoreactive T cells. Here, the authors have developed a trimeric antibody targeting both 4-1BB and EGFR, which activates T cells effectively and shows negligible cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Eggeling
- Institute of Applied Optics, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena; Max-Wien-Platz, 1, 07743 Jena, Germany // Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany // MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Hellriegel
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade, 10, 07745 Jena, Germany // Harvard Center for Biological Imaging, Room 2052 Biological Laboratories, 16 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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