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Holm LL, Doktor TK, Flugt KK, Petersen US, Petersen R, Andresen B. All exons are not created equal-exon vulnerability determines the effect of exonic mutations on splicing. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:4588-4603. [PMID: 38324470 PMCID: PMC11077056 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that aberrant splicing of constitutive exons is often caused by mutations affecting cis-acting splicing regulatory elements (SREs), but there is a misconception that all exons have an equal dependency on SREs and thus a similar vulnerability to aberrant splicing. We demonstrate that some exons are more likely to be affected by exonic splicing mutations (ESMs) due to an inherent vulnerability, which is context dependent and influenced by the strength of exon definition. We have developed VulExMap, a tool which is based on empirical data that can designate whether a constitutive exon is vulnerable. Using VulExMap, we find that only 25% of all exons can be categorized as vulnerable, whereas two-thirds of 359 previously reported ESMs in 75 disease genes are located in vulnerable exons. Because VulExMap analysis is based on empirical data on splicing of exons in their endogenous context, it includes all features important in determining the vulnerability. We believe that VulExMap will be an important tool when assessing the effect of exonic mutations by pinpointing whether they are located in exons vulnerable to ESMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise L Holm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Thomas K Doktor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Katharina K Flugt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ulrika S S Petersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Rikke Petersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Brage S Andresen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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2
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Zhang J, Wang QH, Miao BB, Wu RX, Li QQ, Tang BG, Liang ZB, Niu SF. Liver transcriptome analysis reveal the metabolic and apoptotic responses of Trachinotus ovatus under acute cold stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109476. [PMID: 38447780 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Trachinotus ovatus is an economically important fish and has been recommended as a high-quality aquaculture fish breed for the high-quality development of sea ranches in the South China Sea. However, T. ovatus shows intolerance to low temperature, greatly limiting the extension of farming scale, reducing production efficiency in winter, and increasing farming risks. In this study, liver transcriptome analysis was investigated in T. ovatus under acute low temperature conditions (20 and 15 °C) using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology. Inter-groups differential expression analysis and trend analysis screened 1219 DEGs and four significant profiles (profiles 0, 3, 4, and 7), respectively. GO enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly related to metabolic process and cell growth and death process. KEGG enrichment analysis found that DEGs were mainly associated with lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and cell growth and death, such as gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, cholesterol biosynthesis, p53 signaling pathway, cell cycle arrest, and apoptotic cell death. Moreover, protein-protein interaction networks identified two hub genes (FOS and JUNB) and some important genes related to metabolic process and cell growth and death process, that corresponding to enrichment analysis. Overall, gluconeogenesis, lipid mobilization, and fatty acid oxidation in metabolic process and cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in cell growth and death process were enhanced, while glycolysis, liver glycogen synthesis and cholesterol biosynthesis in metabolic process were inhibited. The enhancement or attenuatment of metabolic process and cell growth and death process is conducive to maintain energy balance, normal fluidity of cell membrane, normal physiological functions of liver cell, enhancing the tolerance of T. ovatus to cold stress. These results suggested that metabolic process and cell growth and death process play important roles in response to acute cold stress in the liver of T. ovatus. Gene expreesion level analysis showed that acute cold stress at 15 °C was identified as a critical temperature point for T. ovatus in term of cellular metabolism alteration and apoptosis inducement, and rewarming intervention should be timely implemented above 15 °C. Our study can provide theoretical support for breeding cold-tolerant cultivars of T. ovatus, which is contributed to high-quality productions fish production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Qing-Hua Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ben-Ben Miao
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ren-Xie Wu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Qian-Qian Li
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Bao-Gui Tang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Zhen-Bang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Su-Fang Niu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, 524025, China.
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3
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Zeka N, Zeka E, Zhubi E, Hoxha I. Case report: Diagnosis of a patient with Sifrim-Hitz-Weiss syndrome, development and epileptic encephalopathy-14, and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1230056. [PMID: 37732012 PMCID: PMC10507246 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1230056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is generally recognized that genetic metabolic disorders can result in neurological symptoms such as seizures, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. Heterogeneous clinical presentations make the diagnosis challenging. Case presentation In this case report, we present a unique and complex genetic disorder observed in a female patient who exhibited three pathogenic gene variants in the KCNT1, ACADM, and CHD4 genes. The convergence of these variants resulted in a multifaceted clinical presentation characterized by severe seizures of combined focal and generalized onset, metabolic dysfunction, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The identification and functional characterization of these gene variants shed light on the intricate interplay between these genes and the patient's phenotype. EEG revealed an epileptiform abnormality which presented in the inter-ictal period from the left frontal-central area and in the ictal period from the left mid-temporal area. The brain MRI revealed volume loss in the posterior periventricular area and parietal parenchyma, myelin destruction with no sign of hypoxic involvement, and left dominant enlargement of the lateral ventricles secondary to loss of central parenchyma. The patient was diagnosed through exome sequencing with Sifrim-Hitz-Weiss syndrome, development and epileptic encephalopathy-14, and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. An antiseizure medication regimen with valproic acid, levetiracetam, phenobarbital, and clonazepam was initiated. However, this led to only partial control of the seizures. Conclusion Clinical follow-up of the patient will further define the clinical spectrum of KCNT1, ACADM, and CHD4 gene variants. It will also determine the long-term efficacy of the treatment of seizures and the development of precision medicine for epilepsy syndromes due to gain-of-function variants. Special emphasis should be put on the role and importance of large-scale genomic testing in understanding and diagnosing complex phenotypes and atypical epileptic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Zeka
- Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Eris Zeka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Esra Zhubi
- Evidence Synthesis Group, Prishtina, Kosovo
- Janos Szentagothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilir Hoxha
- Evidence Synthesis Group, Prishtina, Kosovo
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Research Unit, Heimerer College, Prishtina, Kosovo
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4
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Sebaa R, AlMogren M, Alseraty W, Abdel Rahman AM. Untargeted Metabolomics Identifies Biomarkers for MCADD Neonates in Dried Blood Spots. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119657. [PMID: 37298607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is the most common inherited mitochondrial metabolic disease of fatty acid β-oxidation, especially in newborns. MCADD is clinically diagnosed using Newborn Bloodspot Screening (NBS) and genetic testing. Still, these methods have limitations, such as false negatives or positives in NBS and the variants of uncertain significance in genetic testing. Thus, complementary diagnostic approaches for MCADD are needed. Recently, untargeted metabolomics has been proposed as a diagnostic approach for inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) due to its ability to detect a wide range of metabolic alterations. We performed an untargeted metabolic profiling of dried blood spots (DBS) from MCADD newborns (n = 14) and healthy controls (n = 14) to discover potential metabolic biomarkers/pathways associated with MCADD. Extracted metabolites from DBS samples were analyzed using UPLC-QToF-MS for untargeted metabolomics analyses. Multivariate and univariate analyses were used to analyze the metabolomics data, and pathway and biomarker analyses were also performed on the significantly identified endogenous metabolites. The MCADD newborns had 1034 significantly dysregulated metabolites compared to healthy newborns (moderated t-test, no correction, p-value ≤ 0.05, FC 1.5). A total of 23 endogenous metabolites were up-regulated, while 84 endogenous metabolites were down-regulated. Pathway analyses showed phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis as the most affected pathways. Potential metabolic biomarkers for MCADD were PGP (a21:0/PG/F1alpha) and glutathione, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.949 and 0.898, respectively. PGP (a21:0/PG/F1alpha) was the first oxidized lipid in the top 15 biomarker list affected by MCADD. Additionally, glutathione was chosen to indicate oxidative stress events that could happen during fatty acid oxidation defects. Our findings suggest that MCADD newborns may have oxidative stress events as signs of the disease. However, further validations of these biomarkers are needed in future studies to ensure their accuracy and reliability as complementary markers with established MCADD markers for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaa Sebaa
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Shaqra, Al-Dawadmi 17472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha AlMogren
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa Alseraty
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Shaqra, Al-Dawadmi 17472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M Abdel Rahman
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genomics Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Weiss KJ, Berger U, Haider M, Wagner M, Märtner EMC, Regenauer-Vandewiele S, Lotz-Havla A, Schuhmann E, Röschinger W, Maier EM. Free carnitine concentrations and biochemical parameters in medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: Genotype-phenotype correlation. Clin Genet 2023; 103:644-654. [PMID: 36840705 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic variants in the ACADM gene cause medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD). This study reports on differences in the occurrence of secondary free carnitine (C0) deficiency and different biochemical phenotypes related to genotype and age in 109 MCADD patients followed-up at a single tertiary care center during 22 years. C0 deficiency occurred earlier and more frequently in c.985A>G homozygotes (genotype A) compared to c.985A>G compound heterozygotes (genotype B) and individuals carrying variants other than c.985A>G and c.199C>T (genotype D) (median age 4.2 vs. 6.6 years; p < 0.001). No patient carrying c.199C>T (genotype C) developed C0 deficiency. A daily dosage of 20-40 mg/kg carnitine was sufficient to maintain normal C0 concentrations. Compared to genotype A as reference group, octanoylcarnitine (C8) was significantly lower in genotypes B and C, whereas C0 was significantly higher by 8.28 μmol/L in genotype C (p < 0.05). In conclusion, C0 deficiency is mainly found in patients with pathogenic genotypes associated with high concentrations of presumably toxic acylcarnitines, while individuals carrying the variant c.199C>T are spared and show consistently mild biochemical phenotypes into adulthood. Low-dose carnitine supplementation maintains normal C0 concentrations. However, future studies need to evaluate clinical benefits on acute and chronic manifestations of MCADD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina J Weiss
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ursula Berger
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Maliha Haider
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Amelie Lotz-Havla
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wulf Röschinger
- Labor Becker MVZ GbR, Newborn Screening Unit, Munich, Germany
| | - Esther M Maier
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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6
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Mason E, Hindmarch CCT, Dunham‐Snary KJ. Medium-chain Acyl-COA dehydrogenase deficiency: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2022; 6:e385. [PMID: 36300606 PMCID: PMC9836253 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MCADD) is the most common inherited metabolic disorder of β-oxidation. Patients with MCADD present with hypoketotic hypoglycemia, which may quickly progress to lethargy, coma, and death. Prognosis for MCADD patients is highly promising once a diagnosis has been established, though management strategies may vary depending on the severity of illness and the presence of comorbidities. METHODS AND RESULTS Given the rapid developments in the world of gene therapy and implementation of newborn screening for inherited metabolic disorders, the provision of concise and contemporary knowledge of MCADD is essential for clinicians to effectively manage patients. Thus, this review aims to consolidate current information for physicians on the pathogenesis, diagnostic tools, and treatment options for MCADD patients. CONCLUSION MCADD is a commonly inherited metabolic disease with serious implications for health outcomes, particularly in children, that may be successfully managed with proper intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mason
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Kimberly J. Dunham‐Snary
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular SciencesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada,Department of MedicineQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
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7
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Tian Y, Zhu X, Lv S, Jia C, Zhang L, Ni M, Xu Y, Peng R, Liu S, Zhao D. Analysis of gene mutations of Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) by next-generation sequencing in Henan, China. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 536:155-161. [PMID: 36096209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder of fatty acid β-oxidation and one of the most common inborn errors of metabolism. The incidence of MCADD varies among regions and ethnic groups. To date, few cases of MCADD have been documented in China. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to find out the novel genetic pathogenic variants in the Chinese patients and evaluate the detection rate of the disease of high-frequency ACADM pathogenic variants in different regions of China. METHODS 6 cases of MCADD were screened by tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) among 245 054 newborns. We performed next-generation sequencing on 6 families of infants with MCADD. We used the REVEL method to predict the protein function of the detected missense variants and used SPDBV 4.10 to predict the protein 3D structure model. We identified pathogenic variants of ACADM gene in 6 cases of MCADD, and then assessed these variants through Sanger sequencing and association analysis. RESULTS The incidence of neonatal MCADD was 1/40,842 in Henan province. Among the 6 patients, five cases were compound heterozygous variants, one case was homozygous variants. DNA sequencing revealed 4 known (c.449_452del, c.1085G>A, c.1229T>C, c.589A>G) and 3 novel mutations (c.849+5_849+8del, c.427A>G, c.1181C>T) in the ACADM gene. Mutation c.1085G>A (p.G362E) was most frequent among Henan people and shows obvious differences between North and South of China. CONCLUSION MCADD is relatively rare in China, and c.1085G>A (p.G362E) is a common mutation in Henan population. Our findings, especially novel variants, will help improve the understanding of the genetic background and have facilitated clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling for the affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xinyun Zhu
- Department of Henan Newborn Screening Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shubo Lv
- Department of Henan Newborn Screening Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Chenlu Jia
- Department of Henan Newborn Screening Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Min Ni
- Department of Henan Newborn Screening Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yizhuo Xu
- Department of Henan Newborn Screening Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Scientific Research Office, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Suna Liu
- Department of Henan Newborn Screening Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Dehua Zhao
- Department of Henan Newborn Screening Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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8
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Huang Y, Chen S, Xiao L, Qin W, Li L, Wang Y, Ma L, Yuan X. A Novel Prognostic Signature for Survival Prediction and Immune Implication Based on SARS-CoV-2–Related Genes in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:744659. [PMID: 35141213 PMCID: PMC8819071 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.744659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is a common aggressive malignancy of the urinary system. COVID-19, a highly infectious and severe disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a significant challenge for global public health. Cancer patients have been reported to be more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and have a higher risk for serious complications than the general population. However, the correlation between KIRC and COVID-19 remains incompletely elucidated. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the expression and prognostic significance of 333 SARS-CoV-2 infection–related genes in KIRC using the TCGA dataset and identified 31 SARS-CoV-2–related differently expressed genes between KIRC and normal renal tissues. Based on these genes, we constructed and validated a 5-gene prognostic signature (including ACADM, CENPF, KDELC1, PLOD2, and TRMT1) to distinguish low- and high-risk KIRC patients of poor survival in TCGA and E-MTAB-1980 cohorts. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that some inflammatory/immune-related pathways were significantly enriched in the high-risk group. The ESTIMATE analysis indicated that patients in the high-risk group had higher stromal and immune cell scores, therefore lower tumor purity. Moreover, they presented higher proportions of macrophages M0, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and T follicular helper cells and higher expression of immune checkpoints CTLA-4, LAG-3, TIGIT, and PDCD1 than low-risk patients. Besides, we also developed a nomogram to expand clinical applicability, which exhibits excellent predictive accuracy for survival. In conclusion, we identified a novel prognostic signature and nomogram based on SARS-CoV-2–related genes as reliable prognostic predictors for KIRC patients and provided potential therapeutic targets for KIRC and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbiao Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Lingyan Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan Qin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xianglin Yuan,
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9
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Holm LL, Doktor TK, Hansen MB, Petersen USS, Andresen BS. Vulnerable exons, like ACADM exon 5, are highly dependent on maintaining a correct balance between splicing enhancers and silencers. Hum Mutat 2021; 43:253-265. [PMID: 34923709 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that aberrant splicing of constitutive exons is often caused by mutations affecting cis-acting splicing regulatory elements, but there is a misconception that all exons have an equal dependency on splicing regulatory elements and thus a similar susceptibility to aberrant splicing. We investigated exonic mutations in ACADM exon 5 to experimentally examine their effect on splicing and found that 7 out of 11 tested mutations affected exon inclusion, demonstrating that this constitutive exon is particularly vulnerable to exonic splicing mutations. Employing ACADM exon 5 and 6 as models, we demonstrate that the balance between splicing enhancers and silencers, flanking intron length, and flanking splice site strength are important factors that determine exon definition and splicing efficiency of the exon in question. Our study shows that two constitutive exons in ACADM have different inherent vulnerabilities to exonic splicing mutations. This suggests that in silico prediction of potential pathogenic effects on splicing from exonic mutations may be improved by also considering the inherent vulnerability of the exon. Moreover, we show that single nucleotide polymorphism that affect either of two different exonic splicing silencers, located far apart in exon 5, all protect against both immediately flanking and more distant exonic splicing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise L Holm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M., Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas K Doktor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M., Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael B Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M., Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulrika S S Petersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M., Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Brage S Andresen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M., Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, The Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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10
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Alharbi H, Bennett MJ, He M, Master SR, Ganetzky RD. Normal Biomarkers in an Acute Presentation in a Known Case of Medium-Chain Acyl-Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase Deficiency. Clin Chem 2021; 67:1735-1737. [PMID: 34850845 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Alharbi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael J Bennett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen R Master
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca D Ganetzky
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Li B, Yang J, Gong Y, Xiao Y, Zeng Q, Xu K, Duan Y, He J, He J, Ma H. Integrated Analysis of Liver Transcriptome, miRNA, and Proteome of Chinese Indigenous Breed Ningxiang Pig in Three Developmental Stages Uncovers Significant miRNA-mRNA-Protein Networks in Lipid Metabolism. Front Genet 2021; 12:709521. [PMID: 34603377 PMCID: PMC8481880 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.709521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver is an important metabolic organ of mammals. During each transitional period of life, liver metabolism is programmed by a complex molecular regulatory system for multiple physiological functions, many pathways of which are regulated by hormones and cytokines, nuclear receptors, and transcription factors. To gain a comprehensive and unbiased molecular understanding of liver growth and development in Ningxiang pigs, we analyzed the mRNA, microRNA (miRNA), and proteomes of the livers of Ningxiang pigs during lactation, nursery, and fattening periods. A total of 22,411 genes (19,653 known mRNAs and 2758 novel mRNAs), 1122 miRNAs (384 known miRNAs and 738 novel miRNAs), and 1123 unique proteins with medium and high abundance were identified by high-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry. We show that the differences in transcriptional, post-transcriptional, or protein levels were readily identified by comparing different time periods, providing evidence that functional changes that may occur during liver development are widespread. In addition, we found many overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs)/differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs)/differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) related to glycolipid metabolism in any group comparison. These overlapping DEGs/DEMs/DGPs may play an important role in functional transformation during liver development. Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis revealed multiple expression patterns of mRNA, miRNA, and protein in the liver. Furthermore, several diverse key Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, including immune defense, glycolipid metabolism, protein transport and uptake, and cell proliferation and development, were identified by combined analysis of DEGs and DGPs. A number of predicted miRNA–mRNA–protein pairs were found and validated by qRT-PCR and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assays. The results provide new and important information about the genetic breeding of Ningxiang pigs, which represents a foundation for further understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of dynamic development of liver tissue, functional transformation, and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinzeng Yang
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Yan Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinghua Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Ningxiang Pig Farm of Dalong Livestock Technology Co., Ltd., Ningxiang, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiming Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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12
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Tucci S, Wagner C, Grünert SC, Matysiak U, Weinhold N, Klein J, Porta F, Spada M, Bordugo A, Rodella G, Furlan F, Sajeva A, Menni F, Spiekerkoetter U. Genotype and residual enzyme activity in medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency: Are predictions possible? J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:916-925. [PMID: 33580884 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is the most common defect of mitochondrial β-oxidation. Confirmation diagnostics after newborn screening (NBS) can be performed either by enzyme testing and/or by sequencing of the ACADM gene. Here, we report the results from enzyme testing in lymphocytes with gene variants from molecular analysis of the ACADM gene and with the initial acylcarnitine concentrations in the NBS sample. From April 2013 to August 2019, in 388 individuals with characteristic acylcarnitine profiles suggestive of MCADD the octanoyl-CoA-oxidation was measured in lymphocytes. In those individuals with residual activities <50%, molecular genetic analysis of the ACADM gene was performed. In 50% of the samples (195/388), MCADD with a residual activity ranging from 0% to 30% was confirmed. Forty-five percent of the samples (172/388) showed a residual activity >35% excluding MCADD. In the remaining 21 individuals, MCAD residual activity ranged from 30% to 35%. The latter group comprised both heterozygous carriers and individuals carrying two gene variants on different alleles. Twenty new variants could be identified and functionally classified based on their effect on enzyme function. C6 and C8 acylcarnitine species in NBS correlated with MCAD activity and disease severity. MCADD was only confirmed in half of the cases referred suggesting a higher false positive rate than expected. Measurement of the enzyme function in lymphocytes allowed fast confirmation diagnostics and clear determination of the pathogenicity of new gene variants. There is a clear correlation between genotype and enzyme function underlining the reproducibility of the functional measurement in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tucci
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Wagner
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sarah C Grünert
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uta Matysiak
- Pediatric Genetics, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Weinhold
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Chronically Sick Children, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeannette Klein
- Newborn Screening Laboratory, Otto-Heubner-Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Porta
- Department of Pediatrics, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Spada
- Department of Pediatrics, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Bordugo
- Department of Mother and Child, Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Regional Centre for Newborn Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment of Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Congenital Endocrine Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Rodella
- Department of Mother and Child, Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Inherited Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Regional Centre for Newborn Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment of Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Congenital Endocrine Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Furlan
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Sajeva
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Menni
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ute Spiekerkoetter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Puca F, Yu F, Bartolacci C, Pettazzoni P, Carugo A, Huang-Hobbs E, Liu J, Zanca C, Carbone F, Del Poggetto E, Gumin J, Dasgupta P, Seth S, Srinivasan S, Lang FF, Sulman EP, Lorenzi PL, Tan L, Shan M, Tolstyka ZP, Kachman M, Zhang L, Gao S, Deem AK, Genovese G, Scaglioni PP, Lyssiotis CA, Viale A, Draetta GF. Medium-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase protects mitochondria from lipid peroxidation in glioblastoma. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2904-2923. [PMID: 34039636 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is highly resistant to chemo- and immune-based therapies and targeted inhibitors. To identify novel drug targets, we screened orthotopically implanted, patient-derived glioblastoma sphere-forming cells (GSCs) using an RNAi library to probe essential tumor cell metabolic programs. This identified high dependence on mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism. We focused on medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), which oxidizes medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), due to its consistently high score and high expression among models and upregulation in GBM compared to normal brain. Beyond the expected energetics impairment, MCAD depletion in primary GBM models induced an irreversible cascade of detrimental metabolic effects characterized by accumulation of unmetabolized MCFAs, which induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, irreversible mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis. Our data uncover a novel protective role for MCAD to clear lipid molecules that may cause lethal cell damage, suggesting that therapeutic targeting of MCFA catabolism could exploit a key metabolic feature of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fei Yu
- Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Alessandro Carugo
- Therapeutics Discovery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | | | - Jintan Liu
- Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Ciro Zanca
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Joy Gumin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Pushan Dasgupta
- Neurology, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School
| | - Sahil Seth
- Bioinformatics and Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | | | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | | | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and The Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Mengrou Shan
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
| | | | - Maureen Kachman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
| | - Li Zhang
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
| | - Sisi Gao
- Therapeutics Discovery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Angela K Deem
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, MDAnderson Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
| | - Andrea Viale
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Giulio F Draetta
- Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
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14
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Gong Z, Liang L, Qiu W, Zhang H, Ye J, Wang Y, Ji W, Chen T, Gu X, Han L. Clinical, Biochemical, and Molecular Analyses of Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Chinese Patients. Front Genet 2021; 12:577046. [PMID: 33841490 PMCID: PMC8025081 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.577046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder of fatty acid β-oxidation. The present study aimed to evaluate clinical and biochemical manifestations, and the mutation spectrum of this disorder in a large cohort of Chinese patients. Methods A total of 24 patients were enrolled, and blood acylcarnitine and urinary organic acid levels were measured by tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), respectively. Mutations in the ACADM gene were detected by Sanger or next-generation sequencing. Clinical progression, acylcarnitine spectra, and mutations were analyzed and described in detail. Results Among the 24 patients, six cases were diagnosed because of disease onset with symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, convulsion, and hypoglycemia; 18 patients without symptoms were diagnosed by newborn screening (NBS). All patients who accepted treatment after diagnosis developed normal intelligence and physique. The concentrations of octanoylcarnitine, the octanoylcarnitine/decanoylcarnitine ratio, and the octanoylcarnitine/acetylcarnitine ratio in the blood and urinary dicarboxylic acid concentrations were consistently elevated. Blood biomarkers failed to decrease after treatment. DNA sequencing revealed seven known and 17 novel mutations in the ACADM gene of patients. Mutation p.T150Rfs∗4 was most frequent, followed by p.R31C, p.F103Y, p.I223T, p.G362E, and c.387+1delG. Conclusion Despite biochemical abnormalities, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency showed relatively mild clinical phenotypes with low mortality and optimistic prognoses in China. NBS is crucial for early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuwen Gong
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Liang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Qiu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Ji
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefan Gu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianshu Han
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Wang X, Song T, Sun Y, Men L, Gu Y, Zhang S, Chen X. Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Effect of Trichostatin A and Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells on the Fatty Acid Metabolism of NIH3T3 Cells under Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Conditions. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:960-971. [PMID: 33226813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts mediate acute wound healing and long-term tissue remodeling with scarring after tissue injury. Following myocardial infarction (MI), necrotized cardiomyocytes become replaced by secreted extracellular matrix proteins produced by fibroblasts. Dendritic cells (DCs) can migrate from the bone marrow to the infarct areas and infarct border areas to mediate collagen accumulation after MI. Trichostatin A (TSA) is known to regulate apoptosis and proliferation in fibroblasts and affect the functions of DCs under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions. In this study, we used label-free quantitative proteomics to investigate the effects of TSA and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) on NIH3T3 fibroblasts under OGD conditions. The results showed that the fatty acid degradation pathway was significantly upregulated in NIH3T3 cells under OGD conditions and that the fatty acid synthesis pathway was significantly downregulated in NIH3T3 cells treated with conditioned media (CM) from BMDCs treated with TSA under OGD conditions [BMDCs-CM(TSA)]. In addition, BMDCs-CM(TSA) significantly decreased the levels of triglycerides and free fatty acids and mediated fatty acid metabolism-related proteins in NIH3T3 cells under OGD conditions. In summary, this proteomics analysis showed that TSA and BMDCs affect fatty acid metabolism in NIH3T3 cells under OGD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Tongtong Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yunpeng Sun
- Cardiac Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Lihui Men
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yiwen Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
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16
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Jager EA, Kuijpers MM, Bosch AM, Mulder MF, Gozalbo ER, Visser G, de Vries M, Williams M, Waterham HR, van Spronsen FJ, Schielen PCJI, Derks TGJ. A nationwide retrospective observational study of population newborn screening for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency in the Netherlands. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:890-897. [PMID: 31012112 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the Dutch newborn screening (NBS) for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency since 2007, a nationwide retrospective, observational study was performed of clinical, laboratory and epidemiological parameters of patients with MCAD deficiency born between 2007 and 2015. Severe MCAD deficiency was defined by ACADM genotypes associated with clinical ascertainment, or variant ACADM genotypes with a residual MCAD enzyme activity <10%. Mild MCAD deficiency was defined by variant ACADM genotypes with a residual MCAD enzyme activity ≥10%. The prevalence of MCAD deficiency was 1/8300 (95% CI: 1/7300-1/9600). Sensitivity of the Dutch NBS was 99% and specificity ~100%, with a positive predictive value of 86%. Thirteen newborns with MCAD deficiency suffered from neonatal symptoms, three of them died. Of the 189 identified neonates, 24% had mild MCAD deficiency. The acylcarnitine ratio octanoylcarnitine (C8)/decanoylcarnitine (C10) was superior to C8 in discriminating between mild and severe cases and more stable in the first days of life. NBS for MCAD deficiency has a high sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value. In the absence of a golden standard to confirm the diagnosis, the combination of acylcarnitine (ratios), molecular and enzymatic studies allows risk stratification. To improve evaluation of NBS protocols and clinical guidelines, additional use of acylcarnitine ratios and multivariate pattern-recognition software may be reappraised in the Dutch situation. Prospective recording of NBS and follow-up data is warranted covering the entire health care chain of preventive and curative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmalie A Jager
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe M Kuijpers
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annet M Bosch
- Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margot F Mulder
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Estela R Gozalbo
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gepke Visser
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike de Vries
- Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Williams
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Pediatric Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francjan J van Spronsen
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C J I Schielen
- Reference laboratory Neonatal Screening, Centre for Public Health Research, National Institute of Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Terry G J Derks
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Yu Y, Zhao L, Li R. [Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase enhances invasion and metastasis ability of breast cancer cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:650-656. [PMID: 31270042 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.06.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADM) on invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS A large cancer genome database was used to analyze the expression of ACADM in breast cancer tissues and normal tissues. The proliferation, migration and invasion of cultured breast cancer MCF-7 and T47D cells with ACADM overexpression or ACADM silencing were evaluated using MTT proliferation assay, EdU assay, Transwell chamber assay, and Boyden invasion assay; Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of the related pathway in the cells. In nude mouse models of tail vein metastasis of MCF-7 cells with or without ACADM overexpression, the tumor growth and tumor histopathology were observed using HE staining. RESULTS Analysis of the Oncomine sample set showed a significantly higher expression level of ACADM in breast cancer tissues than in normal breast tissues (P < 0.05). Overexpression of ACADM obviously enhanced the migration and invasion abilities and promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cultured MCF-7 and T47D cells; conversely, silencing of ACADM significantly suppressed the migration and invasion of the breast cancer cells. In the nude mouse models, ACADM overexpression in MCF-7 cells significantly enhanced their in vivo migration and invasion abilities. CONCLUSIONS ACADM can promote the EMT process of breast cancer cells and improve the migration and invasion ability. ACADM is an oncogene in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjue Yu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Linfeng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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18
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Tajima G, Hara K, Tsumura M, Kagawa R, Okada S, Sakura N, Hata I, Shigematsu Y, Kobayashi M. Screening of MCAD deficiency in Japan: 16years' experience of enzymatic and genetic evaluation. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 119:322-328. [PMID: 27856190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is a representative disorder of fatty acid oxidation and is one of the most prevalent inborn errors of metabolism among Caucasian populations. In Japan, however, it was as late as 2000 when the first patient was found, and enzymatic and genetic evaluation of MCAD deficiency began. METHODS We measured octanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity in lymphocytes of symptomatic children and newborn screening (NBS)-positive subjects who showed elevated levels of C8-acylcarnitine in blood. The results were further confirmed by direct sequencing of the ACADM gene. RESULTS The disease was diagnosed in 9 out of 18 symptomatic children. The affected patients showed residual activities from 0% to 3% of the normal average value, except for one patient with 10% activity. Concerning 50 NBS-positive subjects, 18 with enzymatic activities around 10% or lower and 14 with activities ranging from 13% to 30% were judged to be affected patients, and biallelic variants were detected in most of the cases tested. Newborns with higher enzymatic activities were estimated to be heterozygous carriers or healthy subjects, though biallelic variants were detected in 5 of them. Genetic analysis detected 22 kinds of variant alleles. The most prevalent was c.449_452delCTGA (p.T150Rfs), which was followed by c.50G>A (p.R17H), c.1085G>A (p.G362E), c.157C>T (p.R53C), and c.843A>T (p.R281S); these five variants accounted for approximately 60% of all the alleles examined. CONCLUSION Our study has revealed the unique genetic backgrounds of MCAD deficiency among Japanese, based on the largest series of non-Caucasian cases. A continuous spectrum of severity was also observed in our series of NBS-positive cases, suggesting that it is essential for every nation and ethnic group to accumulate its own information on gene variants, together with their enzymatic evaluation, in order to establish an efficient NBS system for MCAD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Tajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; Division of Neonatal Screening, Research Institute, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Hara
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center, 3-1 Aoyama-cho, Kure 737-0023, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Tsumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Reiko Kagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Nobuo Sakura
- Nursing House for Severe Motor and Intellectual Severities, Suzugamine, 104-27 Minaga, Itsukaichi-cho, Saeki-ku, Hiroshima 731-5122, Japan.
| | - Ikue Hata
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23 Shimogogetsu, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Shigematsu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23 Shimogogetsu, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
| | - Masao Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
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19
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Reassessment of Genomic Sequence Variation to Harmonize Interpretation for Personalized Medicine. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:1140-1149. [PMID: 27843123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate interpretation of DNA sequence variation is a prerequisite for implementing personalized medicine. Discrepancies in interpretation between testing laboratories impede the effective use of genetic test results in clinical medicine. To better understand the underpinnings of these discrepancies, we quantified differences in variant classification internally over time and those between our diagnostic laboratory and other laboratories and resources. We assessed the factors that contribute to these discrepancies and those that facilitate their resolution. Our process resolved 72% of nearly 300 discrepancies between pairs of laboratories to within a one-step classification difference and identified key sources of data that facilitate changes in variant interpretation. The identification and harmonization of variant discrepancies will maximize the clinical use of genetic information; these processes will be fostered by the accumulation of additional population data as well as the sharing of data between diagnostic laboratories.
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Bentler K, Zhai S, Elsbecker SA, Arnold GL, Burton BK, Vockley J, Cameron CA, Hiner SJ, Edick MJ, Berry SA. 221 newborn-screened neonates with medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency: Findings from the Inborn Errors of Metabolism Collaborative. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 119:75-82. [PMID: 27477829 PMCID: PMC5031545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is limited understanding of relationships between genotype, phenotype and other conditions contributing to health in neonates with medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) identified through newborn screening. METHODS Retrospective analysis of comprehensive data from a cohort of 221 newborn-screened subjects identified as affected with MCADD in the Inborn Errors of Metabolism - Information System (IBEM-IS), a long term follow-up database of the Inborn Errors of Metabolism Collaborative, was performed. RESULTS The average age at notification of first newborn screen results to primary care or metabolic providers was 7.45days. The average octanoylcarnitine (C8) value on first newborn screen was 11.2μmol/L (median 8.6, range 0.36-43.91). A higher C8 level correlated with an earlier first subspecialty visit. Subjects with low birth weight had significantly lower C8 values. Significantly higher C8 values were found in symptomatic newborns, in newborns with abnormal lab testing in addition to newborn screening and/or diagnostic tests, and in subjects homozygous for the c.985A>G ACADM gene mutation or compound heterozygous for the c.985A>G mutation and deletions or other known highly deleterious mutations. Subjects with neonatal symptoms, or neonatal abnormal labs, or neonatal triggers were more likely to have at least one copy of the severe c.985A>G ACADM gene mutation. C8 and genotype category were significant predictors of the likelihood of having neonatal symptoms. Neonates with select triggers were more likely to have symptoms and laboratory abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS This collaborative study is the first in the United States to describe health associations of a large cohort of newborn-screened neonates identified as affected with MCADD. The IBEM-IS has utility as a platform to better understand the characteristics of individuals with newborn-screened conditions and their follow-up interactions with the health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Bentler
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Shaohui Zhai
- Michigan Public Health Institute, Okemos, MI, United States
| | - Sara A Elsbecker
- University of Minnesota, Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Georgianne L Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Barbara K Burton
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Sally J Hiner
- Michigan Public Health Institute, Okemos, MI, United States
| | - Mathew J Edick
- Michigan Public Health Institute, Okemos, MI, United States
| | - Susan A Berry
- University of Minnesota, Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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Variants of uncertain significance in newborn screening disorders: implications for large-scale genomic sequencing. Genet Med 2016; 19:77-82. [DOI: 10.1038/gim.2016.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Intermediate MCAD Deficiency Associated with a Novel Mutation of the ACADM Gene: c.1052C>T. Case Rep Genet 2016; 2015:532090. [PMID: 26798524 PMCID: PMC4700157 DOI: 10.1155/2015/532090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is an autosomal recessive disorder that leads to a defect in fatty acid oxidation. ACADM is the only candidate gene causing MCAD deficiency. A single nucleotide change, c.985A>G, occurring at exon 11 of the ACADM gene, is the most prevalent mutation. In this study, we report a Caucasian family with multiple MCADD individuals. DNA sequence analysis of the ACADM gene performed in this family revealed that two family members showing mild MCADD symptoms share the same novel change in exon 11, c.1052C>T, resulting in a threonine-to-isoleucine change. The replacement is a nonconservative amino acid change that occurs in the C-terminal all-alpha domain of the MCAD protein. Here we report the finding of a novel missense mutation, c.1052C>T (p.Thr326Ile), in the ACADM gene. To our knowledge, c.1052C>T has not been previously reported in the literature or in any of the current databases we utilize. We hypothesize that this particular mutation in combination with p.Lys304Glu results in an intermediate clinical phenotype of MCADD.
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Grünert SC, Wehrle A, Villavicencio-Lorini P, Lausch E, Vetter B, Schwab KO, Tucci S, Spiekerkoetter U. Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency associated with a novel splice mutation in the ACADM gene missed by newborn screening. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2015. [PMID: 26223887 PMCID: PMC4557819 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-015-0199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is the most common disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and a target disease of newborn screening in many countries. Case presentation We report on two siblings with mild MCAD deficiency associated with a novel splice site mutation in the ACADM gene. The younger sibling was detected by newborn screening, while the older sister was missed, but diagnosed later on by genetic family testing. Both children were found to be compound heterozygous for the common c.985A > G (p.K329E) mutation and a novel splice site mutation, c.600-18G > A, in the ACADM gene. To determine the biological consequence of the c.600-18G > A mutation putative missplicing was investigated at RNA level in granulocytes and monocytes of one of the patients. The splice site mutation was shown to lead to partial missplicing of the ACADM pre-mRNA. Of three detected transcripts two result in truncated, non-functional MCAD proteins as reflected by the reduced octanoyl-CoA oxidation rate in both patients. In one patient a decrease of the octanoyl-CoA oxidation rate was found during a febrile infection indicating that missplicing may be temperature-sensitive. Conclusions Our data indicate that the c.600-18G > A variant activates a cryptic splice site, which competes with the natural splice site. Due to only partial missplicing sufficient functional MCAD protein remains to result in mild MCADD that may be missed by newborn screening. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-015-0199-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Grünert
- Center of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - A Wehrle
- Center of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - P Villavicencio-Lorini
- Center of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. .,Present address: Department of Human Genetics, Halle University Hospital, Ernst-Grube-Str. 30, 06097, Halle, Germany.
| | - E Lausch
- Center of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - B Vetter
- , Römerstrasse 38, 79423, Heitersheim, Germany.
| | - K O Schwab
- Center of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - S Tucci
- Center of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - U Spiekerkoetter
- Center of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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Gramer G, Haege G, Fang-Hoffmann J, Hoffmann GF, Bartram CR, Hinderhofer K, Burgard P, Lindner M. Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Evaluation of Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in Patients Detected by Newborn Screening. JIMD Rep 2015; 23:101-12. [PMID: 25940036 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2015_439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is included in many newborn screening programmes worldwide. In addition to the prevalent mutation c.985A>G in the ACADM gene, potentially mild mutations like c.199T>C are frequently found in screening cohorts. There is ongoing discussion whether this mutation is associated with a clinical phenotype. METHODS In 37 MCADD patients detected by newborn screening, biochemical phenotype (octanoylcarnitine (C8), ratios of C8 to acetylcarnitine (C2), decanoylcarnitine (C10) and dodecanoylcarnitine (C12) at screening and confirmation) and clinical phenotype (inpatient emergency treatment, metabolic decompensations, clinical assessments, psychometric tests) were assessed in relation to genotype. RESULTS 16 patients were homozygous for c.985A>G (group 1), 11 compound heterozygous for c.199T>C and c.985A>G/another mutation (group 2) and 7 compound heterozygous for c.985A>G and mutations other than c.199T>C (group 3) and 3 carried neither c.985A>G nor c.199T>C but other known homozygous mutations (group 4). At screening C8/C2 and C8/C10, at confirmation C8/C2, C8/C10 and C8/C12 differed significantly between patients compound heterozygous for c.199T>C (group 2) and other genotypes. C8, C10 and C8/C2 at screening were strongly associated with time of sampling in groups 1 + 3 + 4, but not in group 2. Clinical phenotype did not differ between genotypes. Two patients compound heterozygous for c.199T>C and a severe mutation showed neonatal decompensation with hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSION Biochemical phenotype differs between MCADD patients compound heterozygous for c.199T>C with a severe mutation and other genotypes. In patients detected by newborn screening, clinical phenotype does not differ between genotypes following uniform treatment recommendations. Neonatal decompensation can also occur in patients with the presumably mild mutation c.199T>C prior to diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn Gramer
- Department of General Paediatrics, Division for Neuropaediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany,
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Koster KL, Sturm M, Herebian D, Smits SHJ, Spiekerkoetter U. Functional studies of 18 heterologously expressed medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) variants. J Inherit Metab Dis 2014; 37:917-28. [PMID: 24966162 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme-A dehydrogenase (MCAD) catalyzes the first step of mitochondrial beta-oxidation for medium-chain acyl-CoAs. Mutations in the ACADM gene cause MCAD deficiency presenting with life-threatening symptoms during catabolism. Since fatty-acid-oxidation disorders are part of newborn screening (NBS), many novel mutations with unknown clinical relevance have been identified in asymptomatic newborns. Eighteen of these mutations were separately cloned into the human ACADM gene, heterologously overexpressed in Escherichia coli and functionally characterized by using different substrates, molecular chaperones, and measured at different temperatures. In addition, they were mapped to the three-dimensional MCAD structure, and cross-link experiments were performed. This study identified variants that only moderately affect the MCAD protein in vitro, such as Y42H, E18K, and R6H, in contrast to the remaining 15 mutants. These three mutants display residual octanoyl-CoA oxidation activities in the range of 22 % to 47 %, are as temperature sensitive as the wild type, and reach 100 % activity with molecular chaperone co-overexpression. Projection into the three-dimensional protein structure gave some indication as to possible reasons for decreased enzyme activities. Additionally, six of the eight novel mutations, functionally characterized for the first time, showed severely reduced residual activities < 5 % despite high expression levels. These studies are of relevance because they classify novel mutants in vitro on the basis of their corresponding functional effects. This basic knowledge should be taken into consideration for individual management after NBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira-Lee Koster
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Moorenstr.5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Ji S, Yang R, Lu C, Qiu Z, Yan C, Zhao Z. Differential Expression of PPARγ, FASN, and ACADM Genes in Various Adipose Tissues and Longissimus dorsi Muscle from Yanbian Yellow Cattle and Yan Yellow Cattle. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:10-8. [PMID: 25049920 PMCID: PMC4093288 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between cattle breeds and deposit of adipose tissues in different positions and the gene expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADM), which are associated with lipid metabolism and are valuable for understanding the physiology in fat depot and meat quality. Yanbian yellow cattle and Yan yellow cattle reared under the same conditions display different fat proportions in the carcass. To understand this difference, the expression of PPARγ, FASN, and ACADM in different adipose tissues and longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) in these two breeds were analyzed using the Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method (qRT-PCR). The result showed that PPARγ gene expression was significantly higher in adipose tissue than in LD in both breeds. PPARγ expression was also higher in abdominal fat, in perirenal fat than in the subcutaneous fat (p<0.05) in Yanbian yellow cattle, and was significantly higher in subcutaneous fat in Yan yellow cattle than that in Yanbian yellow cattle. On the other hand, FASN mRNA expression levels in subcutaneous fat and abdominal fat in Yan yellow cattle were significantly higher than that in Yanbian yellow cattle. Interestingly, ACADM gene shows greater fold changes in LD than in adipose tissues in Yan yellow cattle. Furthermore, the expressions of these three genes in lung, colon, kidney, liver and heart of Yanbian yellow cattle and Yan yellow cattle were also investigated. The results showed that the highest expression levels of PPARγ and FASN genes were detected in the lung in both breeds. The expression of ACADM gene in kidney and liver were higher than that in other organs in Yanbian yellow cattle, the comparison was not statistically significant in Yan yellow cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ji
- College of Animal Science, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, 130062, Changchun, China
| | - Runjun Yang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, 130062, Changchun, China
| | - Chunyan Lu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, 130062, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengyan Qiu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, 130062, Changchun, China
| | - Changguo Yan
- College of Animal Science, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, 130062, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, Jilin University, 130062, Changchun, China
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Jank JM, Maier EM, Reiß DD, Haslbeck M, Kemter KF, Truger MS, Sommerhoff CP, Ferdinandusse S, Wanders RJ, Gersting SW, Muntau AC. The domain-specific and temperature-dependent protein misfolding phenotype of variant medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93852. [PMID: 24718418 PMCID: PMC3981736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of expanded newborn screening programs reduced mortality and morbidity in medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) caused by mutations in the ACADM gene. However, the disease is still potentially fatal. Missense induced MCADD is a protein misfolding disease with a molecular loss-of-function phenotype. Here we established a comprehensive experimental setup to analyze the structural consequences of eight ACADM missense mutations (p.Ala52Val, p.Tyr67His, p.Tyr158His, p.Arg206Cys, p.Asp266Gly, p.Lys329Glu, p.Arg334Lys, p.Arg413Ser) identified after newborn screening and linked the corresponding protein misfolding phenotype to the site of side-chain replacement with respect to the domain. With fever being the crucial risk factor for metabolic decompensation of patients with MCADD, special emphasis was put on the analysis of structural and functional derangements related to thermal stress. Based on protein conformation, thermal stability and kinetic stability, the molecular phenotype in MCADD depends on the structural region that is affected by missense-induced conformational changes with the central β-domain being particularly prone to structural derangement and destabilization. Since systematic classification of conformational derangements induced by ACADM mutations may be a helpful tool in assessing the clinical risk of patients, we scored the misfolding phenotype of the variants in comparison to p.Lys329Glu (K304E), the classical severe mutation, and p.Tyr67His (Y42H), discussed to be mild. Experiments assessing the impact of thermal stress revealed that mutations in the ACADM gene lower the temperature threshold at which MCAD loss-of-function occurs. Consequently, increased temperature as it occurs during intercurrent infections, significantly increases the risk of further conformational derangement and loss of function of the MCAD enzyme explaining the life-threatening clinical courses observed during fever episodes. Early and aggressive antipyretic treatment thus may be life-saving in patients suffering from MCADD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Jank
- Department of Molecular Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Esther M. Maier
- Department of Molecular Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Dunja D. Reiß
- Department of Molecular Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Haslbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Kristina F. Kemter
- Department of Molecular Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Marietta S. Truger
- Department of Molecular Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J. Wanders
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Søren W. Gersting
- Department of Molecular Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ania C. Muntau
- Department of Molecular Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Ventura F, Leandro P, Luz A, Rivera I, Silva M, Ramos R, Rocha H, Lopes A, Fonseca H, Gaspar A, Diogo L, Martins E, Leão-Teles E, Vilarinho L, Tavares de Almeida I. Retrospective study of the medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in Portugal. Clin Genet 2013; 85:555-61. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F.V. Ventura
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - P. Leandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - A. Luz
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - I.A. Rivera
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - M.F.B. Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - R. Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - H. Rocha
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Genetics Department; National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Porto Portugal
| | - A. Lopes
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Genetics Department; National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Porto Portugal
| | - H. Fonseca
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Genetics Department; National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Porto Portugal
| | - A. Gaspar
- Department of Pediatrics, Lisbon North Hospital Center; Santa Maria Hospital; Lisbon Portugal
| | - L. Diogo
- Children's Hospital of Coimbra; Metabolic Disorders Unit; Coimbra Portugal
| | - E. Martins
- Children's Hospital Maria Pia; Metabolic Diseases Unit; Porto Portugal
| | - E. Leão-Teles
- S. João Hospital Center; Metabolic Diseases Pediatric Unit; Porto Portugal
| | - L. Vilarinho
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Genetics Department; National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge; Porto Portugal
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Couce ML, Sánchez-Pintos P, Diogo L, Leão-Teles E, Martins E, Santos H, Bueno MA, Delgado-Pecellín C, Castiñeiras DE, Cocho JA, García-Villoria J, Ribes A, Fraga JM, Rocha H. Newborn screening for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: regional experience and high incidence of carnitine deficiency. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013; 8:102. [PMID: 23842438 PMCID: PMC3718718 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is the most common inherited defect in the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation pathway, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in undiagnosed patients. Newborn screening (NBS) has considerably improved MCADD outcome, but the risk of complication remains in some patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between genotype, biochemical parameters and clinical data at diagnosis and during follow-up, in order to optimize monitoring of these patients. Methods We carried out a multicenter study in southwest Europe, of MCADD patients detected by NBS. Evaluated NBS data included free carnitine (C0) and the acylcarnitines C8, C10, C10:1 together with C8/C2 and C8/C10 ratios, clinical presentation parameters and genotype, in 45 patients. Follow-up data included C0 levels, duration of carnitine supplementation and occurrence of metabolic crises. Results C8/C2 ratio and C8 were the most accurate biomarkers of MCADD in NBS. We found a high number of patients homozygous for the prevalent c.985A > G mutation (75%). Moreover, in these patients C8, C8/C10 and C8/C2 were higher than in patients with other genotypes, while median value of C0 was significantly lower (23 μmol/L vs 36 μmol/L). The average follow-up period was 43 months. To keep carnitine levels within the normal range, carnitine supplementation was required in 82% of patients, and for a longer period in patients homozygotes for the c.985A>G mutation than in patients with other genotypes (average 31 vs 18 months). Even with treatment, median C0 levels remained lower in homozygous patients than in those with other genotypes (14 μmol/L vs 22 μmol/L). Two patients died and another three suffered a metabolic crisis, all of whom were homozygous for the c.985 A>G mutation. Conclusions Our data show a direct association between homozygosity for c.985A>G and lower carnitine values at diagnosis, and a higher dose of carnitine supplementation for maintenance within the normal range. This study contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between genotype and phenotype in newborn patients with MCADD detected through screening which could be useful in improving follow-up strategies and clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luz Couce
- Unidad de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Congénitas del Metabolismo, Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Sturm M, Herebian D, Mueller M, Laryea MD, Spiekerkoetter U. Functional effects of different medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase genotypes and identification of asymptomatic variants. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45110. [PMID: 23028790 PMCID: PMC3444485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency (OMIM 201450) is the most common inherited disorder of fatty acid metabolism presenting with hypoglycaemia, hepatopathy and Reye-like symptoms during catabolism. In the past, the majority of patients carried the prevalent c.985A>G mutation in the ACADM gene. Since the introduction of newborn screening many other mutations with unknown clinical relevance have been identified in asymptomatic newborns. In order to identify functional effects of these mutant genotypes we correlated residual MCAD (OMIM 607008) activities as measured by octanoyl-CoA oxidation in lymphocytes with both genotype and relevant medical reports in 65 newborns harbouring mutant alleles. We identified true disease-causing mutations with residual activities of 0 to 20%. In individuals carrying the c.199T>C or c.127G>A mutation on one allele, residual activities were much higher and in the range of heterozygotes (31%-60%). Therefore, both mutations cannot clearly be associated with a clinical phenotype. This demonstrates a correlation between the octanoyl-CoA oxidation rate in lymphocytes and the clinical outcome. With newborn screening, the natural course of disease is difficult to assess. The octanoyl-CoA oxidation rate, therefore, allows a risk assessment at birth and the identification of new ACADM genotypes associated with asymptomatic disease variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marga Sturm
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Childreńs Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Anderson S, Botti C, Li B, Millonig JH, Lyon E, Millson A, Karabin SS, Brooks SS. Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency detected among Hispanics by New Jersey newborn screening. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:2100-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Andresen BS, Lund AM, Hougaard DM, Christensen E, Gahrn B, Christensen M, Bross P, Vested A, Simonsen H, Skogstrand K, Olpin S, Brandt NJ, Skovby F, Nørgaard-Pedersen B, Gregersen N. MCAD deficiency in Denmark. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 106:175-88. [PMID: 22542437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is the most common defect of fatty acid oxidation. Many countries have introduced newborn screening for MCADD, because characteristic acylcarnitines can easily be identified in filter paper blood spot samples by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), because MCADD is a frequent disease, and because of the success of early treatment initiated before clinical symptoms have emerged. In Denmark we have screened 519,350 newborns for MCADD by MS/MS and identified 58 affected babies. The diagnosis of MCADD was confirmed in all 58 newborns by mutation analysis. This gives an incidence of MCADD detected by newborn screening in Denmark of 1/8954. In sharp contrast to this we found that the incidence of clinically presenting MCADD in Denmark in the 10 year period preceding introduction of MS/MS-based screening was only 1 in 39,691. This means that four times more newborns with MCADD are detected by screening than what is expected based on the number of children presenting clinically in an unscreened population. The mutation spectrum in the newborns detected by screening is different from that observed in clinically presenting patients with a much lower proportion of newborns being homozygous for the prevalent disease-causing c.985A>G mutation. A significant number of the newborns have genotypes with mutations that have not been observed in patients detected clinically. Some of these mutations, like c.199T>C and c.127G>A, are always associated with a milder biochemical phenotype and may cause a milder form of MCADD with a relatively low risk of disease manifestation, thereby explaining part of the discrepancy between the frequency of clinically manifested MCADD and the frequency of MCADD determined by screening. In addition, our data suggest that some of this discrepancy can be explained by a reduced penetrance of the c.985A>G mutation, with perhaps only 50% of c.985A>G homozygotes presenting with disease manifestations. Interestingly, we also report that the observed number of newborns identified by screening who are homozygous for the c.985A>G mutation is twice that predicted from the estimated carrier frequency. We therefore redetermined the carrier frequency in a new sample of 1946 blood spots using a new assay, but this only confirmed that the c.985A>G carrier frequency in Denmark is approximately 1/105. We conclude that MCADD is much more frequent than expected, has a reduced penetrance and that rapid genotyping using the initial blood spot sample is important for correct diagnosis and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brage Storstein Andresen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Faculty of Health Science, Skejby Sygehus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Touw CML, Smit GPA, de Vries M, de Klerk JBC, Bosch AM, Visser G, Mulder MF, Rubio-Gozalbo ME, Elvers B, Niezen-Koning KE, Wanders RJA, Waterham HR, Reijngoud DJ, Derks TGJ. Risk stratification by residual enzyme activity after newborn screening for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehyrogenase deficiency: data from a cohort study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2012; 7:30. [PMID: 22630369 PMCID: PMC3543239 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-7-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the introduction of medium-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency in population newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) programs, subjects have been identified with variant ACADM (gene encoding MCAD enzyme) genotypes that have never been identified in clinically ascertained patients. It could be hypothesised that residual MCAD enzyme activity can contribute in risk stratification of subjects with variant ACADM genotypes. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients identified upon population NBS for MCAD deficiency in the Netherlands between 2007–2010. Clinical, molecular, and enzymatic data were integrated. Results Eighty-four patients from 76 families were identified. Twenty-two percent of the subjects had a variant ACADM genotype. In patients with classical ACADM genotypes, residual MCAD enzyme activity was significantly lower (median 0%, range 0-8%) when compared to subjects with variant ACADM genotypes (range 0-63%; 4 cases with 0%, remainder 20-63%). Patients with (fatal) neonatal presentations before diagnosis displayed residual MCAD enzyme activities <1%. After diagnosis and initiation of treatment, residual MCAD enzyme activities <10% were associated with an increased risk of hypoglycaemia and carnitine supplementation. The prevalence of MCAD deficiency upon screening was 1/8,750 (95% CI 1/7,210–1/11,130). Conclusions Determination of residual MCAD enzyme activity improves our understanding of variant ACADM genotypes and may contribute to risk stratification. Subjects with variant ACADM genotypes and residual MCAD enzyme activities <10% should be considered to have the same risks as patients with classical ACADM genotypes. Parental instructions and an emergency regimen will remain principles of the treatment in any type of MCAD deficiency, as the effect of intercurrent illness on residual MCAD enzyme activity remains uncertain. There are, however, arguments in favour of abandoning the general advice to avoid prolonged fasting in subjects with variant ACADM genotypes and >10% residual MCAD enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina M L Touw
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre of Groningen, PO Box 30 001, CA84, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Landsverk ML, Douglas GV, Tang S, Zhang VW, Wang GL, Wang J, Wong LJC. Diagnostic approaches to apparent homozygosity. Genet Med 2012; 14:877-82. [DOI: 10.1038/gim.2012.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Hoffmann L, Haussmann U, Mueller M, Spiekerkoetter U. VLCAD enzyme activity determinations in newborns identified by screening: a valuable tool for risk assessment. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012; 35:269-77. [PMID: 21932095 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-011-9391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry-based newborn screening correctly identifies individuals with very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD). However, a great number of healthy individuals present with identical acylcarnitine profiles during catabolism in the first three days of life. We routinely perform an enzyme activity assay as confirmation analysis in newborns identified by screening. Whereas VLCAD residual activities of less than 10% are clearly diagnostic and indicate patients at risk of clinical disease, the clinical relevance of higher residual activities is unclear. In this study we assess the molecular basis in 34 individuals with residual activities of 10-50%. We identify two pathogenic mutations in patients that result in residual activities as high as 22%, while individuals with residual activities of 25-50% either present with a heterozygous or no mutation in the VLCAD gene. In addition, confirmed heterozygous parents present with residual activities as low as 32%.In conclusion, we identify individuals with 2 pathogenic mutations and those with only one heterozygous mutation in the residual activity range of 20-30%. Whereas heterozygosity is generally regarded as clinically irrelevant, identification of 2 VLCAD mutations leads to precautions in the management of the children. Based on our data we anticipate that individuals with a residual enzyme activity >20% present with a biochemical phenotype but likely remain asymptomatic throughout life. Studies in greater patient numbers are needed to correlate residual activities >10% with the genotype and the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hoffmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Timmermans S, Buchbinder M. Expanded newborn screening: articulating the ontology of diseases with bridging work in the clinic. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2012; 34:208-220. [PMID: 21929648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9566.2011.01398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Population screening follows the logic of secondary prevention: a population is screened to detect disease early and to initiate treatment before symptoms emerge. However, not all population screening is justifiable under all circumstances. In this article, we unpack Wilson and Jungner's requirement that knowledge about the natural history of a disease must be 'adequate' for screening to proceed. We argue that any prior understanding of disease is inevitably found to be insufficient once population screening is instituted. Drawing upon ethnographic observations of clinical consultations and staff meetings conducted in a California regional clinical centre for metabolic-genetic disorders, we introduce the notion of bridging work to draw attention to the collective activities of the genetics team to revise the ontological nature of conditions unsettled by population-based newborn screening. Bridging work refers to the many activities required to reconcile the promise of technologies with the realities of their implementation. We illustrate how clinicians bridge the gap between what was known about a disease prior to screening and anomalous screening results, leading to an ontological transformation of disease categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Timmermans
- Department of Sociology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095–1551, USA.
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Feillet F, Ogier H, Cheillan D, Aquaviva C, Labarthe F, Baruteau J, Chabrol B, de Lonlay P, Valayanopoulos V, Garnotel R, Dobbelaere D, Briand G, Jeannesson E, Vassault A, Vianey-Saban C. [Medium-chain acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency: French consensus for neonatal screening, diagnosis, and management]. Arch Pediatr 2012; 19:184-93. [PMID: 22244319 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2011.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MCAD deficiency is the most common fatty acid oxidation disorder, with the prevalence varying from 1/10,000 to 1/27,000 in the countries adjacent to France. As the High Authority for Health has recently proposed including MCAD deficiency in the panel of diseases neonatally screened for in France, a consensus was written for the management of MCAD deficiency diagnosed either clinically or by neonatal screening. Patients may present acutely with hyperammonemia, hypoglycemia, encephalopathy, and hepatomegaly, mainly after a prolonged fast of intercurrent infection. Sudden death related to heartbeat disorders may also occur. The diagnosis of MCAD deficiency is suspected on the plasma acylcarnitine and/or the urinary organic acid profile. The diagnosis is confirmed by molecular biology and the enzymatic activity for patients who are not homozygous for the main mutation c.985A>G. However, some MCAD-deficient individuals may remain asymptomatic throughout life. The mainstay of treatment consists in avoiding prolonged fast and prescribing l-carnitine for patients who exhibit a deficiency in plasma carnitine. This management has radically modified the natural history of MCAD deficiency. This consensus will allow homogeneous management of these patients once the neonatal screening of MCAD deficiency has been introduced in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Feillet
- Inserm U 954, centre de référence des maladies héréditaires du métabolisme, hôpital de Brabois-Enfants, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre, France.
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Oerton J, Khalid JM, Besley G, Dalton RN, Downing M, Green A, Henderson M, Krywawych S, Leonard J, Andresen BS, Dezateux C. Newborn screening for medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in England: prevalence, predictive value and test validity based on 1.5 million screened babies. J Med Screen 2011; 18:173-81. [PMID: 22166308 PMCID: PMC3243649 DOI: 10.1258/jms.2011.011086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is a rare, life-threatening condition. Early diagnosis by screening asymptomatic newborns may improve outcome, but the benefit to newborns identified with variants not encountered clinically is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To estimate, overall and by ethnic group: screen-positive prevalence and predictive value (PPV); MCADD prevalence; proportion MCADD variants detected of predicted definite or uncertain clinical importance. SETTING All births in areas of high ethnic minority prevalence in England. METHODS Prospective multicentre pilot screening service; testing at age five to eight days; standardized screening, diagnostic and management protocols; independent expert review of screen-positive cases to assign MCADD diagnosis and predicted clinical importance (definite or uncertain). RESULTS Approximately 1.5 million babies (79% white; 10% Asian) were screened. MCADD was confirmed in 147 of 190 babies with a positive screening result (screen-positive prevalence: 1.20 per 10,000; MCADD prevalence: 0.94 per 10,000; PPV 77% [95% CI 71-83]), comprising 103 (70%) with MCADD variants of definite clinical importance (95 white [95%]; 2 Asian [2%]) and 44 (30%) with variants of uncertain clinical importance (29 white [67%]; 12 Asian [28%]). CONCLUSION One baby in every 10,000 born in England is diagnosed with MCADD by newborn screening; around 60 babies each year. While the majority of MCADD variants detected are predicted to be of definite clinical importance, this varies according to ethnic group, with variants of uncertain importance most commonly found in Asian babies. These findings provide support for MCADD screening but highlight the need to take account of the ethnic diversity of the population tested at implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Oerton
- MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
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Clinical validation of cutoff target ranges in newborn screening of metabolic disorders by tandem mass spectrometry: a worldwide collaborative project. Genet Med 2011; 13:230-54. [PMID: 21325949 DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e31820d5e67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To achieve clinical validation of cutoff values for newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry through a worldwide collaborative effort. METHODS Cumulative percentiles of amino acids and acylcarnitines in dried blood spots of approximately 25–30 million normal newborns and 10,742 deidentified true positive cases are compared to assign clinical significance, which is achieved when the median of a disorder range is, and usually markedly outside, either the 99th or the 1st percentile of the normal population. The cutoff target ranges of analytes and ratios are then defined as the interval between selected percentiles of the two populations. When overlaps occur, adjustments are made to maximize sensitivity and specificity taking all available factors into consideration. RESULTS As of December 1, 2010, 130 sites in 45 countries have uploaded a total of 25,114 percentile data points, 565,232 analyte results of true positive cases with 64 conditions, and 5,341 cutoff values. The average rate of submission of true positive cases between December 1, 2008, and December 1, 2010, was 5.1 cases/day. This cumulative evidence generated 91 high and 23 low cutoff target ranges. The overall proportion of cutoff values within the respective target range was 42% (2,269/5,341). CONCLUSION An unprecedented level of cooperation and collaboration has allowed the objective definition of cutoff target ranges for 114 markers to be applied to newborn screening of rare metabolic disorders.
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Zuniga A, Li L. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for comprehensive analysis of urinary acylcarnitines. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 689:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Relevance of expanded neonatal screening of medium-chain acyl co-a dehydrogenase deficiency: outcome of a decade in galicia (Spain). JIMD Rep 2011. [PMID: 23430840 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2011_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
Abstract
Neonatal screening of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is of major importance due to the significant morbidity and mortality in undiagnosed patients. MCADD screening has been performed routinely in Galicia since July 2000, and until now 199,943 newborns have been screened. We identified 11 cases of MCADD, which gives an incidence of 1/18,134. During this period, no false negative screens have been detected. At diagnosis, all identified newborns were asymptomatic. Our data showed that octanoylcarnitine (C8) and C8/C10 ratio are the best markers for screening of MCADD. C8 was increased in all patients and C8/C10 was increased in all but one patient.The common mutation, c.985A > G, was found in homozygosity in seven newborns and in compound heterozygosity in three, while one patient did not carry the common mutation at all. In addition, two novel mutations c.245G > C (p.W82S) and c.542A > G (p.D181G) were identified. Ten of the 11 identified newborns did not experience any episodes of decompensation. The patient with the highest level of medium chain acylcarnitines at diagnosis, who was homozygous for the c.985A > G mutation, died at the age of 2 years due to a severe infection.This is the first report of the results from neonatal screening for MCADD in Spain. Our data provide further evidence of the benefits of MCADD screening and contribute to better understanding of this disease.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The potential of newborn blood-spot screening is expanding rapidly with the development of new analytical techniques and treatment methods. At the same time, some existing programmes, particularly that for congenital hypothyroidism, are coming under scrutiny because of suspicion that they are being shaped by analytical performance rather than evidence of clinical need. Screening policy varies greatly from country to country. CONCLUSION Ethical and political considerations may sometimes override formal scientific decision models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney J Pollitt
- Clinical Chemistry and Newborn Screening, The Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
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Kennedy S, Potter BK, Wilson K, Fisher L, Geraghty M, Milburn J, Chakraborty P. The first three years of screening for medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) by newborn screening ontario. BMC Pediatr 2010; 10:82. [PMID: 21083904 PMCID: PMC2996355 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-10-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is a disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and is one of the most common inborn errors of metabolism. Identification of MCADD via newborn screening permits the introduction of interventions that can significantly reduce associated morbidity and mortality. This study reports on the first three years of newborn screening for MCADD in Ontario, Canada. Methods Newborn Screening Ontario began screening for MCADD in April 2006, by quantification of acylcarnitines (primarily octanoylcarnitine, C8) in dried blood spots using tandem mass spectrometry. Babies with positive screening results were referred to physicians at one of five regional Newborn Screening Treatment Centres, who were responsible for diagnostic evaluation and follow-up care. Results From April 2006 through March 2009, approximately 439 000 infants were screened for MCADD in Ontario. Seventy-four infants screened positive, with a median C8 level of 0.68 uM (range 0.33-30.41 uM). Thirty-one of the screen positive infants have been confirmed to have MCADD, while 36 have been confirmed to be unaffected. Screening C8 levels were higher among infants with MCADD (median 8.93 uM) compared to those with false positive results (median 0.47 uM). Molecular testing was available for 29 confirmed cases of MCADD, 15 of whom were homozygous for the common c.985A > G mutation. Infants homozygous for the common mutation tended to have higher C8 levels (median 12.13 uM) relative to compound heterozygotes for c.985A > G and a second detectable mutation (median 2.01 uM). Eight confirmed mutation carriers were identified among infants in the false positive group. The positive predictive value of a screen positive for MCADD was 46%. The estimated birth prevalence of MCADD in Ontario is approximately 1 in 14 000. Conclusions The birth prevalence of MCADD and positive predictive value of the screening test were similar to those identified by other newborn screening programs internationally. We observed some evidence of correlation between genotype and biochemical phenotype (C8 levels), and between C8 screening levels and eventual diagnosis. Current research priorities include further examining the relationships among genotype, biochemical phenotype, and clinical phenotype, with the ultimate goal of improving clinical risk prediction in order to provide tailored disease management advice and genetic counselling to families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Kennedy
- Newborn Screening Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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