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Lund KC, Scottoline B, Jordan BK. Carnitine-Acylcarnitine Translocase Deficiency Masked by Extreme Prematurity. J Pediatr Genet 2023; 12:179-183. [PMID: 37090833 PMCID: PMC10118704 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) deficiency is a rare disorder of long chain fatty acid oxidation with a very high mortality rate due to cardiomyopathy or multiorgan failure. We present the course of a very premature infant with early onset CACT deficiency complicated by multiple episodes of necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, and liver insufficiency, followed by eventual demise. The complications of prematurity, potentiated by the overlay of CACT deficiency, contributed to the difficulty of reaching the ultimate diagnosis of CACT deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli C. Lund
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Brian Scottoline
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Brian K. Jordan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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2
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Alvi M, Rehman K, Akash MSH, Yaqoob A, Shoaib SM. Determination of Metabolomics Profiling in BPA-Induced Impaired Metabolism. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112496. [PMID: 36432690 PMCID: PMC9692868 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) is unavoidable and it has far-reaching negative effects on living systems. This study aimed to explore the toxic effects of BPA in an experimental animal model through a metabolomics approach that is useful in measuring small molecule perturbations. Beside this, we also examined the ameliorative effects of resveratrol (RSV) against BPA-induced disturbances in experimental mice. This study was conducted for 28 days, and the results showed that BPA indeed induced an impairment in amino acid metabolism, taking place in the mitochondria by significantly (p < 0.05) decreasing the levels of certain amino acids, i.e., taurine, threonine, asparagine, leucine, norleucine, and glutamic acid in the mice plasma. However, the administration of RSV did prove effective against the BPA-induced intoxication and significantly (p < 0.05) restored the level of free amino acids. Lipid metabolites, L-carnitine, sphinganine, phytosphingosine, and lysophosphatidylcholine were also determined in the mice serum. A significant (p < 0.05) decline in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD,) glutathione, and catalase levels and an elevation in malondialdehyde level in the BPA group confirmed the generation of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in experimental mice exposed to BPA. The expression of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I), carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT-II), lecithin−cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), carnitine O-octanoyltransferase (CROT), carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT), and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR) genes was significantly upregulated in the liver tissue homogenates of experimental mice exposed to BPA, although RSV regulated the expression of these genes when compared with BPA treated experimental mice. CPT-I, CPT-II, and CACT genes are located in the mitochondria and are involved in the metabolism and transportation of carnitine. Hence, this study confirms that BPA exposure induced oxidative stress, upregulated gene expression, and impaired lipid and amino acid metabolism in experimental mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
| | - Azka Yaqoob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Shoaib
- Drugs Testing Laboratory, Faisalabad, Primary & Secondary Healthcare Department, Government of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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3
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Yaqoob A, Rehman K, Akash MSH, Alvi M, Shoaib SM. Biochemical profiling of metabolomics in heavy metal-intoxicated impaired metabolism and its amelioration using plant-based bioactive compound. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1029729. [PMID: 36330218 PMCID: PMC9623090 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1029729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to Pb is widely spreading and has far-reaching negative effects on living systems. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of Pb, through biochemical profiling and the ameliorative effects of quercetin against Pb-toxicity. Twenty-five male Wistar albino mice were divided into the following five groups. The CON-group received normal saline; the Pb-group received PbAc; the Pb + Q-CRN group received lead acetate followed by quercetin; the Q-CRN group received quercetin; and the CRN group received corn oil. After 4 weeks, the mice were euthanized. It was speculated that Pb significantly increased the levels of serine, threonine, and asparagine and decreased the levels of valine, lysine, and glutamic acid in the plasma of Pb-group, thus impairing amino acid metabolism. However, in the Pb + Q-CRN group, the level of these six amino acids was restored significantly due to the ameliorative effect of quercetin. The presence of lipid metabolites (L-carnitine, sphinganine, phytosphingosine, and lysophosphatidylcholine) in mice serum was confirmed by ESI/MS. The GPx, SOD, GSH, and CAT levels were significantly decreased, and the MDA level was significantly increased, thus confirming the oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the Pb group. The antioxidant effect of quercetin was elucidated in the Pb + Q-CRN group. Expression of CPT-I, CPT-II, LCAT, CROT, CACT, and MTR genes was significantly upregulated in the liver of Pb goup mice. Hence, the findings of this study proved that Pb exposure induced oxidative stress, upregulated gene expression, and impaired the lipid and amino acid metabolism in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azka Yaqoob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Maria Alvi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Shoaib
- Drugs Testing Laboratory, Faisalabad, Primary & Secondary Healthcare Department, Government of the Punjab, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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4
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Li X, Shen J. One potential hotspot SLC25A20 gene variants in Chinese patients with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1029004. [PMID: 36419912 PMCID: PMC9676358 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1029004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency (CACT deficiency) is a rare and life-threatening autosomal recessive disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation caused by variant of SLC25A20 gene. The most prevalent missense variant in the SLC25A20 gene in Asia was c.199-10T > G. Due to the c.199-10T > G variant, CACT deficiency is a severe phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS Herein, we present a neonatal case with c.199-10T > G variant in China and analyze the clinical, biochemical, and genetic aspects of 78 patients previously identified with CACT deficiency. RESULTS The patient presented with a series of severe metabolic crises that rapidly deteriorated and eventually died 3 days after delivery. The sequencing of the patient's genome indicated that he was homozygous for the c.199-10T > G variant. 30 patients were found to have the c.199-10T > G mutation, of which 23 were Chinese and 22 were afflicted by the c.199-10T > G splicing variation. In China, c.199-10T > G allele frequency was 82.6%. CONCLUSION In CACT deficiency, prompt recognition and treatment are critical. Our data suggested that c.199-10T > G may be a potential hotspot SLC25A20 gene mutation in the Chinese population. Detection of single nucleotide polymorphism is possible for high-risk patients and parents in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Li X, Zhao F, Zhao Z, Zhao X, Meng H, Zhang D, Zhao S, Ding M. Neonatal sudden death caused by a novel heterozygous mutation in SLC25A20 gene: A case report and brief literature review. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2021; 54:101990. [PMID: 34784499 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency (CACTD) is a rare and life-threatening autosomal recessive disorder of fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO). Most patients with CACTD develop severe metabolic decompensation which deteriorates progressively and rapidly, causing death in infancy or childhood. As CACTD in some patients is asymptomatic or only with some nonspecific symptoms, the diagnosis is easy to be ignored, resulting in sudden death, which often triggers medical disputes. Herein, we report a case of neonatal sudden death with CACTD. The neonate showed a series of severe metabolic crisis, deteriorated rapidly and eventually died 3 days after delivery. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) screening of dry blood spots before death showed that the level of long-chain acylcarnitines, especially C12-C18 acylcarnitine, was increased significantly, and therefore a diagnosis of inherited metabolic disease (IMD) was suspected. Autopsy and histopathological results demonstrated that there were diffuse vacuoles in the heart and liver of the deceased. Mutation analysis revealed that the patient was a compound heterozygote with c.199-10 T > G and a novel c.1A > T mutation in the SLC25A20 gene. Pathological changes such as heart failure, arrhythmia and cardiac arrest related to mitochondrial FAO disorders are the direct cause of death, while gene mutation is the underlying cause of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebo Li
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Identification in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Identification in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Zuliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Identification in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xiangzhong Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Hao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Identification in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Dianbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Identification in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Shipeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Identification in Universities of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Political Science and Law, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Mingxia Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, PR China.
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Wu S, Kong X, Sun Y, Dai X, Yu W, Chen R, Ma L, Jiang L. FABP3 overexpression promotes vascular fibrosis in Takayasu's arteritis via enhancing fatty acid oxidation in aorta adventitial fibroblasts. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:3071-3081. [PMID: 34718429 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the role of fatty acid-binding protein-3 (FABP3) in vascular fibrosis in Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS The expression of FABP3 and extracellular matrix proteins (ECMs) were detected in aorta tissues from TAK patients (n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 8) by immunohistochemistry. The concentration of serum proteins was determined by ELISA. CCK8 and Ki67 staining were used to measure aorta adventitial fibroblasts (AAFs) proliferation. Widely-targeted lipidomic profiling was used to screen for associated metabolic pathways. Changes in ECMs and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) related enzymes were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The interactions between FABP3 and these enzymes were explored with Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay. RESULTS The expression of FABP3 was increased in the thickened adventitia of TAK patients, and was positively correlated with the serum expression of ECMs. FABP3 knockdown inhibited AAF proliferation and ECMs production, whereas FABP3 overexpression enhanced these processes. Further analysis revealed that FABP3 upregulation promoted carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein (CACT) expressions, two key enzymes in FAO, as well as ATP levels. FABP3 and CACT were co-localized in the adventitia and bound to each other in AAFs. Etomoxir reversed the enhanced FAO, ATP production, AAF proliferation, and ECM production mediated by FABP3 upregulation. Treatment with 60 g/day curcumin granules for three months reduced the level of serum FABP3. Curcumin also inhibited vascular fibrosis by reducing FABP3-enhanced FAO in AAFs. CONCLUSION Elevated FABP3 expression accelerated vascular fibrosis in TAK, which was likely mediated by promoting FAO in AAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiufang Kong
- Department of Rheumatology, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaojuan Dai
- Department of Rheumatology, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wensu Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rongyi Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lili Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Evidence-base Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lindi Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Evidence-base Medicine Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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7
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Ryder B, Inbar-Feigenberg M, Glamuzina E, Halligan R, Vara R, Elliot A, Coman D, Minto T, Lewis K, Schiff M, Vijay S, Akroyd R, Thompson S, MacDonald A, Woodward AJM, Gribben JEL, Grunewald S, Belaramani K, Hall M, van der Haak N, Devanapalli B, Tolun AA, Wilson C, Bhattacharya K. New insights into carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency from 23 cases: Management challenges and potential therapeutic approaches. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:903-915. [PMID: 33634872 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carnitine acyl-carnitine translocase deficiency (CACTD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of mitochondrial long-chain fatty-acid transport. Most patients present in the first 2 days of life, with hypoketotic hypoglycaemia, hyperammonaemia, cardiomyopathy or arrhythmia, hepatomegaly and elevated liver enzymes. Multi-centre international retrospective chart review of clinical presentation, biochemistry, treatment modalities including diet, subsequent complications, and mode of death of all patients. Twenty-three patients from nine tertiary metabolic units were identified. Seven attenuated patients of Pakistani heritage, six of these homozygous c.82G>T, had later onset manifestations and long-term survival without chronic hyperammonemia. Of the 16 classical cases, 15 had cardiac involvement at presentation comprising cardiac arrhythmias (9/15), cardiac arrest (7/15), and cardiac hypertrophy (9/15). Where recorded, ammonia levels were elevated in all but one severe case (13/14 measured) and 14/16 had hypoglycaemia. Nine classical patients survived longer-term-most with feeding difficulties and cognitive delay. Hyperammonaemia appears refractory to ammonia scavenger treatment and carglumic acid, but responds well to high glucose delivery during acute metabolic crises. High-energy intake seems necessary to prevent decompensation. Anaplerosis utilising therapeutic d,l-3-hydroxybutyrate, Triheptanoin and increased protein intake, appeared to improve chronic hyperammonemia and metabolic stability where trialled in individual cases. CACTD is a rare disorder of fatty acid oxidation with a preponderance to severe cardiac dysfunction. Long-term survival is possible in classical early-onset cases with long-chain fat restriction, judicious use of glucose infusions, and medium chain triglyceride supplementation. Adjunctive therapies supporting anaplerosis may improve longer-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony Ryder
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- National Metabolic Service, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michal Inbar-Feigenberg
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Glamuzina
- National Metabolic Service, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Halligan
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Evelina Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Roshni Vara
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Evelina Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Aoife Elliot
- Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David Coman
- Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine University of Queensland and Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tahlee Minto
- Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katherine Lewis
- Queensland Lifespan Metabolic Medicine Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Manuel Schiff
- Reference Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, AP-HP, Necker University Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM U1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Suresh Vijay
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rhonda Akroyd
- National Metabolic Service, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sue Thompson
- Department of Metabolic Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospitals' Network NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anita MacDonald
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Abigail J M Woodward
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Joanne E L Gribben
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Grunewald
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health University College London, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Kiran Belaramani
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Ngau Tau Kok, Hong Kong
| | - Madeleine Hall
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine & Nutrition, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Natalie van der Haak
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine & Nutrition, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Beena Devanapalli
- Department of Metabolic Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospitals' Network NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adviye Ayper Tolun
- Department of Metabolic Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospitals' Network NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Callum Wilson
- National Metabolic Service, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kaustuv Bhattacharya
- Department of Metabolic Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospitals' Network NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Chinen Y, Yanagi K, Nakamura S, Nakayama N, Kamiya M, Nakayashiro M, Kaname T, Naritomi K, Nakanishi K. A novel homozygous missense SLC25A20 mutation in three CACT-deficient patients: clinical and autopsy data. Hum Genome Var 2020; 7:11. [PMID: 32337051 PMCID: PMC7162975 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-020-0098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) deficiency is a fatty acid ß-oxidation disorder of the carnitine shuttle in mitochondria, with a high mortality rate in childhood. We evaluated three patients, including two siblings, with neonatal-onset CACT deficiency and revealed identical homozygous missense mutations of p.Arg275Gln within the SLC25A20 gene. One patient died from hypoglycemia and arrhythmia at 26 months; his pathological autopsy revealed increased and enlarged mitochondria in the heart but not in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutsugu Chinen
- Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa Japan
- Genetic Counseling Room, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nishihara, Okinawa Japan
| | - Kumiko Yanagi
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sadao Nakamura
- Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa Japan
| | - Noriko Nakayama
- Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa Japan
| | - Motoko Kamiya
- Department of Pediatrics, Naha City Hospital, Naha, Okinawa Japan
- Present Address: Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Mami Nakayashiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center Children’s Medical Center, Haebaru, Okinawa Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Naritomi
- Okinawa Nanbu Habilitation and Medical Center, Naha, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakanishi
- Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa Japan
- Genetic Counseling Room, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nishihara, Okinawa Japan
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9
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Mulder NL, Havinga R, Kluiver J, Groen AK, Kruit JK. AAV8-mediated gene transfer of microRNA-132 improves beta cell function in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:123-132. [PMID: 30400037 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have emerged as essential regulators of beta cell function and beta cell proliferation. One of these microRNAs, miR-132, is highly induced in several obesity models and increased expression of miR-132 in vitro modulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic benefits of miR-132 overexpression on beta cell function in vivo. To overexpress miR-132 specifically in beta cells, we employed adeno-associated virus (AAV8)-mediated gene transfer using the rat insulin promoter in a double-stranded, self-complementary AAV vector to overexpress miR-132. Treatment of mice with dsAAV8-RIP-mir132 increased miR-132 expression in beta cells without impacting expression of miR-212 or miR-375. Surprisingly, overexpression of miR-132 did not impact glucose homeostasis in chow-fed animals. Overexpression of miR-132 did improve insulin secretion and hence glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet-fed mice. Furthermore, miR-132 overexpression increased beta cell proliferation in mice fed a high-fat diet. In conclusion, our data show that AAV8-mediated gene transfer of miR-132 to beta cells improves beta cell function in mice in response to a high-fat diet. This suggests that increased miR-132 expression is beneficial for beta cell function during hyperglycemia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels L Mulder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Havinga
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Kluiver
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janine K Kruit
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Knottnerus SJG, Bleeker JC, Wüst RCI, Ferdinandusse S, IJlst L, Wijburg FA, Wanders RJA, Visser G, Houtkooper RH. Disorders of mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation and the carnitine shuttle. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2018; 19:93-106. [PMID: 29926323 PMCID: PMC6208583 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-018-9448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation is an essential pathway for energy production, especially during prolonged fasting and sub-maximal exercise. Long-chain fatty acids are the most abundant fatty acids in the human diet and in body stores, and more than 15 enzymes are involved in long-chain fatty acid oxidation. Pathogenic mutations in genes encoding these enzymes result in a long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorder in which the energy homeostasis is compromised and long-chain acylcarnitines accumulate. Symptoms arise or exacerbate during catabolic situations, such as fasting, illness and (endurance) exercise. The clinical spectrum is very heterogeneous, ranging from hypoketotic hypoglycemia, liver dysfunction, rhabdomyolysis, cardiomyopathy and early demise. With the introduction of several of the long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (lcFAOD) in newborn screening panels, also asymptomatic individuals with a lcFAOD are identified. However, despite early diagnosis and dietary therapy, a significant number of patients still develop symptoms emphasizing the need for individualized treatment strategies. This review aims to function as a comprehensive reference for clinical and laboratory findings for clinicians who are confronted with pediatric and adult patients with a possible diagnosis of a lcFAOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan J G Knottnerus
- Dutch Fatty Acid Oxidation Expertise Center, Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584, EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Dutch Fatty Acid Oxidation Expertise Center, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeannette C Bleeker
- Dutch Fatty Acid Oxidation Expertise Center, Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584, EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Dutch Fatty Acid Oxidation Expertise Center, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob C I Wüst
- Dutch Fatty Acid Oxidation Expertise Center, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Dutch Fatty Acid Oxidation Expertise Center, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk IJlst
- Dutch Fatty Acid Oxidation Expertise Center, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frits A Wijburg
- Dutch Fatty Acid Oxidation Expertise Center, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Dutch Fatty Acid Oxidation Expertise Center, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gepke Visser
- Dutch Fatty Acid Oxidation Expertise Center, Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584, EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Dutch Fatty Acid Oxidation Expertise Center, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Dutch Fatty Acid Oxidation Expertise Center, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wang X, Mu X, Zhang J, Huang Q, Alamdar A, Tian M, Liu L, Shen H. Serum metabolomics reveals that arsenic exposure disrupted lipid and amino acid metabolism in rats: a step forward in understanding chronic arsenic toxicity. Metallomics 2015; 7:544-52. [PMID: 25697676 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00002e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water threatens public health worldwide. Although its multiorgan toxicity has been reported, the impact of chronic arsenic exposure on the metabolic network remains obscure. In this study, male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 0.5, 2 or 10 ppm sodium arsenite for three months. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry based metabolomics approach was utilized to unveil the global metabolic response to chronic arsenic exposure in rats. Distinct serum metabolome profiles were found to be associated with the doses. Eighteen differential metabolites were identified, and most of them showed dose-dependent responses to arsenic exposure. Metabolic abnormalities mainly involved lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. The metabolic alterations were further confirmed by hepatic gene expression. Expressions of cpt2, lcat, cact, crot and mtr were significantly elevated in high dose groups. This study provides novel evidence to support the association between arsenic exposure and metabolic disruption, and it contributes to understanding the mechanism of chronic arsenic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Wang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
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12
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Tian X, Liang WC, Feng Y, Wang J, Zhang VW, Chou CH, Huang HD, Lam CW, Hsu YY, Lin TS, Chen WT, Wong LJ, Jong YJ. Expanding genotype/phenotype of neuromuscular diseases by comprehensive target capture/NGS. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2015; 1:e14. [PMID: 27066551 PMCID: PMC4807910 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To establish and evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach to simultaneously analyze all genes known to be responsible for the most clinically and genetically heterogeneous neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) involving spinal motoneurons, neuromuscular junctions, nerves, and muscles. Methods: All coding exons and at least 20 bp of flanking intronic sequences of 236 genes causing NMDs were enriched by using SeqCap EZ solution-based capture and enrichment method followed by massively parallel sequencing on Illumina HiSeq2000. Results: The target gene capture/deep sequencing provides an average coverage of ∼1,000× per nucleotide. Thirty-five unrelated NMD families (38 patients) with clinical and/or muscle pathologic diagnoses but without identified causative genetic defects were analyzed. Deleterious mutations were found in 29 families (83%). Definitive causative mutations were identified in 21 families (60%) and likely diagnoses were established in 8 families (23%). Six families were left without diagnosis due to uncertainty in phenotype/genotype correlation and/or unidentified causative genes. Using this comprehensive panel, we not only identified mutations in expected genes but also expanded phenotype/genotype among different subcategories of NMDs. Conclusions: Target gene capture/deep sequencing approach can greatly improve the genetic diagnosis of NMDs. This study demonstrated the power of NGS in confirming and expanding clinical phenotypes/genotypes of the extremely heterogeneous NMDs. Confirmed molecular diagnoses of NMDs can assist in genetic counseling and carrier detection as well as guide therapeutic options for treatable disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Tian
- Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories (X.T., Y.F., J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics (W.-C.L., Y.-J.J.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.-J.J.), and Department of Pathology (W.-T.C.), Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine (Y.-J.J.), College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (C.-H.C., H.-D.H.), and Department of Biological Science and Technology (H.-D.H., Y.-J.J.), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Pathology (C.W.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; and Department of Neurology (T.-S.L.), National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chen Liang
- Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories (X.T., Y.F., J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics (W.-C.L., Y.-J.J.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.-J.J.), and Department of Pathology (W.-T.C.), Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine (Y.-J.J.), College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (C.-H.C., H.-D.H.), and Department of Biological Science and Technology (H.-D.H., Y.-J.J.), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Pathology (C.W.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; and Department of Neurology (T.-S.L.), National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yanming Feng
- Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories (X.T., Y.F., J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics (W.-C.L., Y.-J.J.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.-J.J.), and Department of Pathology (W.-T.C.), Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine (Y.-J.J.), College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (C.-H.C., H.-D.H.), and Department of Biological Science and Technology (H.-D.H., Y.-J.J.), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Pathology (C.W.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; and Department of Neurology (T.-S.L.), National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jing Wang
- Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories (X.T., Y.F., J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics (W.-C.L., Y.-J.J.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.-J.J.), and Department of Pathology (W.-T.C.), Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine (Y.-J.J.), College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (C.-H.C., H.-D.H.), and Department of Biological Science and Technology (H.-D.H., Y.-J.J.), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Pathology (C.W.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; and Department of Neurology (T.-S.L.), National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Victor Wei Zhang
- Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories (X.T., Y.F., J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics (W.-C.L., Y.-J.J.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.-J.J.), and Department of Pathology (W.-T.C.), Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine (Y.-J.J.), College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (C.-H.C., H.-D.H.), and Department of Biological Science and Technology (H.-D.H., Y.-J.J.), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Pathology (C.W.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; and Department of Neurology (T.-S.L.), National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chou
- Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories (X.T., Y.F., J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics (W.-C.L., Y.-J.J.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.-J.J.), and Department of Pathology (W.-T.C.), Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine (Y.-J.J.), College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (C.-H.C., H.-D.H.), and Department of Biological Science and Technology (H.-D.H., Y.-J.J.), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Pathology (C.W.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; and Department of Neurology (T.-S.L.), National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories (X.T., Y.F., J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics (W.-C.L., Y.-J.J.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.-J.J.), and Department of Pathology (W.-T.C.), Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine (Y.-J.J.), College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (C.-H.C., H.-D.H.), and Department of Biological Science and Technology (H.-D.H., Y.-J.J.), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Pathology (C.W.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; and Department of Neurology (T.-S.L.), National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching Wan Lam
- Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories (X.T., Y.F., J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics (W.-C.L., Y.-J.J.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.-J.J.), and Department of Pathology (W.-T.C.), Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine (Y.-J.J.), College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (C.-H.C., H.-D.H.), and Department of Biological Science and Technology (H.-D.H., Y.-J.J.), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Pathology (C.W.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; and Department of Neurology (T.-S.L.), National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yun Hsu
- Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories (X.T., Y.F., J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics (W.-C.L., Y.-J.J.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.-J.J.), and Department of Pathology (W.-T.C.), Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine (Y.-J.J.), College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (C.-H.C., H.-D.H.), and Department of Biological Science and Technology (H.-D.H., Y.-J.J.), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Pathology (C.W.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; and Department of Neurology (T.-S.L.), National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Thy-Sheng Lin
- Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories (X.T., Y.F., J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics (W.-C.L., Y.-J.J.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.-J.J.), and Department of Pathology (W.-T.C.), Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine (Y.-J.J.), College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (C.-H.C., H.-D.H.), and Department of Biological Science and Technology (H.-D.H., Y.-J.J.), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Pathology (C.W.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; and Department of Neurology (T.-S.L.), National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Tzu Chen
- Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories (X.T., Y.F., J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics (W.-C.L., Y.-J.J.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.-J.J.), and Department of Pathology (W.-T.C.), Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine (Y.-J.J.), College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (C.-H.C., H.-D.H.), and Department of Biological Science and Technology (H.-D.H., Y.-J.J.), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Pathology (C.W.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; and Department of Neurology (T.-S.L.), National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Jun Wong
- Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories (X.T., Y.F., J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics (W.-C.L., Y.-J.J.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.-J.J.), and Department of Pathology (W.-T.C.), Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine (Y.-J.J.), College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (C.-H.C., H.-D.H.), and Department of Biological Science and Technology (H.-D.H., Y.-J.J.), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Pathology (C.W.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; and Department of Neurology (T.-S.L.), National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Jyh Jong
- Baylor Miraca Genetics Laboratories (X.T., Y.F., J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics (W.-C.L., Y.-J.J.), Department of Laboratory Medicine (Y.-J.J.), and Department of Pathology (W.-T.C.), Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine (Y.-J.J.), College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.W., V.W.Z., L.-J.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (C.-H.C., H.-D.H.), and Department of Biological Science and Technology (H.-D.H., Y.-J.J.), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Pathology (C.W.L.), The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; and Department of Neurology (T.-S.L.), National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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13
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Vatanavicharn N, Yamada K, Aoyama Y, Fukao T, Densupsoontorn N, Jirapinyo P, Sathienkijkanchai A, Yamaguchi S, Wasant P. Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency: Two neonatal cases with common splicing mutation and in vitro bezafibrate response. Brain Dev 2015; 37:698-703. [PMID: 25459972 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disorders are among the causes of acute encephalopathy- or myopathy-like illness. Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) deficiency is a rare FAO disorder, which represent an energy production insufficiency during prolonged fasting, febrile illness, or increased muscular activity. CACT deficiency is caused by mutations of the SLC25A20 gene. Most patients developed severe metabolic decompensation in the neonatal period and died in infancy despite aggressive treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS We herein report the clinical findings of two unrelated cases of CACT deficiency with mutation confirmation, and in vitro bezafibrate responses using in vitro probe acylcarnitine (IVP) assay. Patients 1 and 2 are products of nonconsanguineous parents. Both patients developed cardiac arrest at day 3 of life but survived the initial events. Their blood chemistry revealed hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis. The acylcarnitine profiles in both patients demonstrated increased long-chain acylcarnitines, suggesting CACT or carnitine palmitoyltransferase-2 (CPT2) deficiency. RESULTS The mutation analysis identified homozygous IVS2-10T>G in the SLC25A20 gene in both patients, confirming the diagnosis of CACT deficiency. The IVP assay revealed increased C16, C16:1, but decreased C2 with improvement by bezafibrate in the cultured fibroblasts. The short-term clinical trial of bezafibrate in Patient 1 did not show clinical improvement, and died after starting the trial for 6 months. CONCLUSION This splicing mutation has been identified in other Asian populations indicating a possible founder effect. IVP assay of cultured fibroblasts could determine a response to bezafibrate treatment. A long-term clinical trial of more enrolled patients is required for evaluation of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithiwat Vatanavicharn
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Kenji Yamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yuka Aoyama
- Medical Information Sciences Division, United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukao
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Narumon Densupsoontorn
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pipop Jirapinyo
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Achara Sathienkijkanchai
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Seiji Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Pornswan Wasant
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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14
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Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency: experience with four cases in Spain and review of the literature. JIMD Rep 2015; 20:11-20. [PMID: 25614308 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2014_382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disease in the mitochondrial transport of long-chain fatty acids. Despite early diagnosis and treatment, the disease still has a high mortality rate. METHODS Clinical symptoms, long-term follow-up, and biochemical and molecular results of four cases are described and compared with the reviewed literature data of 55 cases. RESULTS Two cases with neonatal onset, carrying in homozygosity the novel variant sequences p.Gly20Asp (c.59G>A) and p.Arg179Gly (c.536A>G), died during an intercurrent infectious process in the first year of life despite adequate dietetic treatment (frequent feeding, high-carbohydrate/low-fat diet, MCT, carnitine). The other two cases, one with infantile onset and the other diagnosed in the newborn period after a previous affected sibling, show excellent development at 4 and 16 years of age under treatment. The review shows that the most frequent presenting symptoms of CACT deficiency are hypoketotic hypoglycemia, hyperammonemia, hepatomegaly, cardiomyopathy and/or arrhythmia, and respiratory distress. The onset of symptoms is predominantly neonatal in 82% and infantile in 18%. The mortality rate is high (65%), most in the first year of life due to myocardiopathy or sudden death. Outcomes seem to correlate better with the absence of cardiac disease and with a higher long-chain fatty acid oxidation rate in cultured fibroblasts than with residual enzyme activity. CONCLUSION Diagnosis before the occurrence of clinical symptoms by tandem MS-MS and very early therapeutic intervention together with good dietary compliance could lead to a better prognosis, especially in milder clinical cases.
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Soni MS, Rabaglia ME, Bhatnagar S, Shang J, Ilkayeva O, Mynatt R, Zhou YP, Schadt EE, Thornberry NA, Muoio DM, Keller MP, Attie AD. Downregulation of carnitine acyl-carnitine translocase by miRNAs 132 and 212 amplifies glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Diabetes 2014; 63:3805-14. [PMID: 24969106 PMCID: PMC4207388 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that micro-RNAs (miRNAs) 132 and 212 are differentially upregulated in response to obesity in two mouse strains that differ in their susceptibility to obesity-induced diabetes. Here we show the overexpression of miRNAs 132 and 212 enhances insulin secretion (IS) in response to glucose and other secretagogues including nonfuel stimuli. We determined that carnitine acyl-carnitine translocase (CACT; Slc25a20) is a direct target of these miRNAs. CACT is responsible for transporting long-chain acyl-carnitines into the mitochondria for β-oxidation. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of CACT in β-cells led to the accumulation of fatty acyl-carnitines and enhanced IS. The addition of long-chain fatty acyl-carnitines promoted IS from rat insulinoma β-cells (INS-1) as well as primary mouse islets. The effect on INS-1 cells was augmented in response to suppression of CACT. A nonhydrolyzable ether analog of palmitoyl-carnitine stimulated IS, showing that β-oxidation of palmitoyl-carnitine is not required for its stimulation of IS. These studies establish a link between miRNA-dependent regulation of CACT and fatty acyl-carnitine-mediated regulation of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufaddal S Soni
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Mary E Rabaglia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | | | - Jin Shang
- Department of Metabolic Disorders-Diabetes, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Randall Mynatt
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Yun-Ping Zhou
- Department of Metabolic Disorders-Diabetes, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Nancy A Thornberry
- Department of Metabolic Disorders-Diabetes, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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Improved molecular diagnosis by the detection of exonic deletions with target gene capture and deep sequencing. Genet Med 2014; 17:99-107. [PMID: 25032985 PMCID: PMC4338802 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2014.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to demonstrate the detection of exonic deletions using target capture and deep sequencing data. Methods: Sequence data from target gene capture followed by massively parallel sequencing were analyzed for the detection of exonic deletions using the normalized mean coverage of individual exons. We compared the results with those obtained from high-density exon-targeted array comparative genomic hybridization and applied similar analysis to examine samples from patients with pathogenic exonic deletions. Results: Thirty-eight samples, each containing 2,134, 2,833, or 4,688 coding exons from different panels, with a total of 103,863 exons, were analyzed by capture–massively parallel sequencing and array comparative genomic hybridization. Ten deletions detected by array comparative genomic hybridization were all detected by massively parallel sequencing, whereas only two of three duplications were detected. We were able to detect all pathogenic exonic deletions in 11 positive cases. Thirty-one exonic copy number changes from nine perspective clinical samples were also identified. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated the feasibility of using the same set of sequence data to detect both point mutations and exonic deletions, thus improving the diagnostic power of massively parallel sequencing–based assays.
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Three novel mutations in the carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) gene in patients with CACT deficiency and in healthy individuals. J Hum Genet 2013; 58:788-93. [PMID: 24088670 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2013.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT2) are key enzymes for transporting long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria. Deficiencies of these enzymes, which are clinically characterized by life-threatening non-ketotic hypoglycemia and rhabdomyolysis, cannot be distinguished by acylcarnitine analysis performed using tandem mass spectrometry. We had previously reported the CPT2 genetic structure and its role in CPT2 deficiency. Here, we analyzed the CACT gene in 2 patients diagnosed clinically with CACT deficiency, 18 patients with non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis and 58 healthy individuals, all of whom were confirmed to have normal CPT2 genotypes. To facilitate CACT genotyping, we used heat-denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), which helped identify five distinct patterns. The abnormal heteroduplex fragments were subjected to CACT-specific DNA sequencing. We found that one patient with CACT deficiency, Case 1, carried c.576G>A and c.199-10t>g mutations, whereas Case 2 was heterozygous for c.106-2a>t and c.576G>A. We also found that one patient with non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis and one healthy individual were heterozygous for c.804delG and the synonymous mutation c.516T>C, respectively. In summary, c.576G>A, c.106-2a>t and c.516T>C are novel CACT gene mutations. Among the five mutations identified, three were responsible for CACT deficiency. We have also demonstrated the successful screening of CACT mutations by DHPLC.
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Wang J, Zhan H, Li FY, Pursley AN, Schmitt ES, Wong LJ. Targeted array CGH as a valuable molecular diagnostic approach: experience in the diagnosis of mitochondrial and metabolic disorders. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 106:221-30. [PMID: 22494545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) targeted to coding exons of genes of interest has been proven to be a valuable diagnostic tool to complement with Sanger sequencing for the detection of large deletions/duplications. We have developed a custom designed oligonucleotide aCGH platform for this purpose. This array platform provides tiled coverage of the entire mitochondrial genome and high-density coverage of a set of nuclear genes involving mitochondrial and metabolic disorders and can be used to evaluate large deletions in targeted genes. A total of 1280 DNA samples from patients suspected of having mitochondrial or metabolic disorders were evaluated using this targeted aCGH. We detected 40 (3%) pathogenic large deletions in unrelated individuals, including 6 in genes responsible for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndromes, 23 in urea cycle genes, 11 in metabolic and related genes. Deletion breakpoints have been confirmed in 31 cases by PCR and sequencing. The possible deletion mechanism has been discussed. These results illustrate the successful utilization of targeted aCGH to detect large deletions in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. This technology is particularly useful as a complementary diagnostic test in the context of a recessive disease when only one mutant allele is found by sequencing. For female carriers of X-linked disorders, if sequencing analysis does not detect point mutations, targeted aCGH should be considered for the detection of large heterozygous deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Landsverk ML, Douglas GV, Tang S, Zhang VW, Wang GL, Wang J, Wong LJC. Diagnostic approaches to apparent homozygosity. Genet Med 2012; 14:877-82. [DOI: 10.1038/gim.2012.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Indiveri C, Iacobazzi V, Tonazzi A, Giangregorio N, Infantino V, Convertini P, Console L, Palmieri F. The mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier: Function, structure and physiopathology. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 32:223-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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