1
|
Alterations in the Plasma Protein Expression Pattern in Congenital Analbuminemia—A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030407. [PMID: 36979342 PMCID: PMC10046341 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumin is a highly abundant plasma protein with multiple functions, including the balance of fluid between body compartments and fatty acid trafficking. Humans with congenital analbuminemia (CAA) do not express albumin due to homozygosity for albumin gene mutation. Lessons about physiological control could be learned from CAA. Remarkably, these patients exhibit an apparently normal lifespan, without substantial impairments in physical functionality. There was speculation that tolerance to albumin deficiency would be characterized by significant upregulation of other plasma proteins to compensate for analbuminemia. It is unknown but possible that changes in plasma protein expression observed in CAA are required for the well-documented survival and general wellness. A systematic review of published case reports was performed to assess plasma protein pattern remodeling in CAA patients who were free of other illnesses that would confound interpretation. From a literature search in Pubmed, Scopus, and Purdue Libraries (updated October 2022), concentration of individual plasma proteins and protein classes were assessed. Total plasma protein concentration was below the reference range in the vast majority of CAA patients in the analysis, as upregulation of other proteins was not sufficient to prevent the decline of total plasma protein when albumin was absent. Nonetheless, an impressive level of evidence in the literature indicated upregulated plasma levels of multiple globulin classes and various specific proteins which may have metabolic functions in common with albumin. The potential role of this altered plasma protein expression pattern in CAA is discussed, and the findings may have implications for other populations with hypoalbuminemia.
Collapse
|
2
|
Mariano C, Alves AC, Medeiros AM, Chora JR, Antunes M, Futema M, Humphries SE, Bourbon M. The familial hypercholesterolaemia phenotype: Monogenic familial hypercholesterolaemia, polygenic hypercholesterolaemia and other causes. Clin Genet 2021; 97:457-466. [PMID: 31893465 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a monogenic disorder characterised by high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations and increased cardiovascular risk. However, in clinically defined FH cohorts worldwide, an FH-causing variant is only found in 40%-50% of the cases. The aim of this work was to characterise the genetic cause of the FH phenotype in Portuguese clinical FH patients. Between 1999 and 2017, 731 index patients (311 children and 420 adults) who met the Simon Broome diagnostic criteria had been referred to our laboratory. LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, APOE, LIPA, LDLRAP1, ABCG5/8 genes were analysed by polymerase chain reaction amplification and Sanger sequencing. The 6-SNP LDL-C genetic risk score (GRS) for polygenic hypercholesterolaemia was validated in the Portuguese population and cases with a GRS over the 25th percentile were considered to have a high likelihood of polygenic hypercholesterolaemia. An FH-causing mutation was found in 39% of patients (94% in LDLR, 5% APOB and 1% PCSK9), while at least 29% have polygenic hypercholesterolaemia and 1% have other lipid disorders. A genetic cause for the FH phenotype was found in 503 patients (69%). All known causes of the FH phenotype should be investigated in FH cohorts to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cibelle Mariano
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Research and Development Unit, Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Alves
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Research and Development Unit, Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Medeiros
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Research and Development Unit, Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Rita Chora
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Research and Development Unit, Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marília Antunes
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centre of Statistics and its Applications - CEAUL, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Futema
- Centre for Heart Muscle Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mafalda Bourbon
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Research and Development Unit, Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Diseases, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cabrejas Núñez MJ, Izquierdo Álvarez C, Gónzalez Vioque E, Almería Lafuente A, Silvestre Mardomingo RÁ. Detección y diagnóstico molecular de un nuevo caso de analbuminemia congénita. Med Clin (Barc) 2020; 154:275-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
4
|
Minchiotti L, Caridi G, Campagnoli M, Lugani F, Galliano M, Kragh-Hansen U. Diagnosis, Phenotype, and Molecular Genetics of Congenital Analbuminemia. Front Genet 2019; 10:336. [PMID: 31057599 PMCID: PMC6478806 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital analbuminemia (CAA) is an inherited, autosomal recessive disorder with an incidence of 1:1,000,000 live birth. Affected individuals have a strongly decreased concentration, or complete absence, of serum albumin. The trait is usually detected by serum protein electrophoresis and immunochemistry techniques. However, due to the existence of other conditions in which the albumin concentrations are very low or null, analysis of the albumin (ALB) gene is necessary for the molecular diagnosis. CAA can lead to serious consequences in the prenatal period, because it can cause miscarriages and preterm birth, which often is due to oligohydramnios and placental abnormalities. Neonatally and in early childhood the trait is a risk factor that can lead to death, mainly from fluid retention and infections in the lower respiratory tract. By contrast, CAA is better tolerated in adulthood. Clinically, in addition to the low level of albumin, the patients almost always have hyperlipidemia, but they usually also have mild oedema, reduced blood pressure and fatigue. The fairly mild symptoms in adulthood are due to compensatory increment of other plasma proteins. The condition is rare; clinically, only about 90 cases have been detected worldwide. Among these, 53 have been studied by sequence analysis of the ALB gene, allowing the identification of 27 different loss of function (LoF) pathogenic variants. These include a variant in the start codon, frame-shift/insertions, frame-shift/deletions, nonsense variants, and variants affecting splicing. Most are unique, peculiar for each affected family, but one, a frame-shift deletion called Kayseri, has been found to cause about one third of the known cases allowing to presume a founder effect. This review provides an overview of the literature about CAA, about supportive and additional physiological and pharmacological information obtained from albumin-deficient mouse and rat models and a complete and up-to-date dataset of the pathogenic variants identified in the ALB gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianluca Caridi
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini (IRCCS), Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Lugani
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini (IRCCS), Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Galliano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Caridi G, Maout A, Artan R, Campagnoli M, Lugani F, Abada MEA, Sayar E, Galliano M, Minchiotti L. Congenital Analbuminemia in Unrelated Algerian and Turkish Families is Caused by the Same Molecular Defect in the Albumin Gene. Ann Lab Med 2019; 38:185-188. [PMID: 29214768 PMCID: PMC5736683 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2018.38.2.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Caridi
- Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - Abdelbasset Maout
- Blood Transfusion Center, Laboratory of Medical Virology, Mustapha Bacha University Hospital Center, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Reha Artan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Francesca Lugani
- Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - Mohamed El Amine Abada
- Blood Transfusion Center, Laboratory of Medical Virology, Mustapha Bacha University Hospital Center, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ersin Sayar
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Monica Galliano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Caridi G, Dagnino M, Erdeve O, Di Duca M, Yildiz D, Alan S, Atasay B, Arsan S, Campagnoli M, Galliano M, Minchiotti L. Congenital analbuminemia caused by a novel aberrant splicing in the albumin gene. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2014; 24:151-8. [PMID: 24627724 PMCID: PMC3936982 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2014.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Congenital analbuminemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder manifested by the presence of a very low amount of circulating serum albumin. It is an allelic heterogeneous defect, caused by variety of mutations within the albumin gene in homozygous or compound heterozygous state. Herein we report the clinical and molecular characterization of a new case of congenital analbuminemia diagnosed in a female newborn of consanguineous (first degree cousins) parents from Ankara, Turkey, who presented with a low albumin concentration (< 8 g/L) and severe clinical symptoms. Materials and methods: The albumin gene of the index case was screened by single-strand conformation polymorphism, heteroduplex analysis, and direct DNA sequencing. The effect of the splicing mutation was evaluated by examining the cDNA obtained by reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from the albumin mRNA extracted from proband’s leukocytes. Results: DNA sequencing revealed that the proband is homozygous, and both parents are heterozygous, for a novel G>A transition at position c.1652+1, the first base of intron 12, which inactivates the strongly conserved GT dinucleotide at the 5′ splice site consensus sequence of this intron. The splicing defect results in the complete skipping of the preceding exon (exon 12) and in a frame-shift within exon 13 with a premature stop codon after the translation of three mutant amino acid residues. Conclusions: Our results confirm the clinical diagnosis of congenital analbuminemia in the proband and the inheritance of the trait and contribute to shed light on the molecular genetics of analbuminemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Caridi
- Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Dagnino
- Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - Omer Erdeve
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Marco Di Duca
- Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - Duran Yildiz
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serdar Alan
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Begum Atasay
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saadet Arsan
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Monica Galliano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Minchiotti L, Galliano M, Caridi G, Kragh-Hansen U, Peters T. Congenital analbuminaemia: molecular defects and biochemical and clinical aspects. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:5494-502. [PMID: 23612153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA and mRNA sequencing of the coding regions of the human albumin gene (ALB) and of its intron/exon junctions has revealed twenty-one different molecular defects causing congenital analbuminaemia (CAA). SCOPE OF REVIEW To describe the mutations in molecular terms and to present the current knowledge about the most important biochemical and clinical effects of CAA. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS CAA is rare, but its frequency seems to be significantly higher in restricted and minimally admixed populations. The condition affects especially the lipid metabolism but apart from a possible increased risk for atherosclerotic complications, it is generally associated with mild clinical symptoms in adults. By contrast, several reports indicate that analbuminaemic individuals may be at risk during the perinatal and childhood periods, in which they seem to show increased morbidity and mortality. The twenty-one causative defects include seven nonsense mutations, seven changes affecting splicing, five frame-shift/deletions, one frame-shift/insertion and one mutation in the start codon. These results indicate that the trait is an allelic heterogeneous disorder caused by homozygous (nineteen cases) or compound heterozygous (single case) inheritance of defects. Most mutations are unique, but one, named Kayseri, is responsible for about half of the known cases. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Study of the defects in the ALB resulting in CAA allows the identification of "hot spot" regions and contributes to understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the trait. Such studies could also give molecular information about different aspects of ALB regulation and shed light on the regulatory mechanisms involved in the synthesis of the protein. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Serum Albumin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Minchiotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Caridi G, Dagnino M, Lugani F, Shalev SA, Campagnoli M, Galliano M, Spiegel R, Minchiotti L. A novel mutation in the albumin gene (c.1A>C) resulting in analbuminemia. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:72-8. [PMID: 23176518 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analbuminemia (OMIM # 103600) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder manifested by the absence or severe reduction of circulating serum albumin in homozygous or compound heterozygous subjects. The trait is caused by a variety of mutations within the albumin gene. DESIGN We report here the clinical and molecular characterisation of two new cases of congenital analbuminemia diagnosed in two members of the Druze population living in a Galilean village (Northern Israel) on the basis of their low level of circulating albumin. The albumin gene was screened by single-strand conformation polymorphism and heteroduplex analysis, and the mutated region was submitted to DNA sequencing. RESULTS Both the analbuminemic subjects resulted homozygous for a previously unreported c.1 A>C transversion, for which we suggest the name Afula from the hospital where the two cases were investigated. This mutation causes the loss of the primary start codon ATG for Met1, which is replaced by a - then untranslated - triplet CTG for Leu. (p.Met1Leu). The use of an alternative downstream ATG codon would probably give rise to a completely aberrant polypeptide chain, leading to a misrouted intracellular transport and a premature degradation. CONCLUSIONS The discovery of this new ALB mutation, probably inherited from a common ancestor, sheds light on the molecular mechanism underlying the analbuminemic trait and may serve in the development of a rapid genetic test for the identification of a-symptomatic heterozygous carriers in the Druze population in the Galilee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Caridi
- Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bibi A, Jouini L, Sahli CA, Hadj Fredj S, Abidi K, Gharsallah L, Mathlouthi S, Ouali F, Siala H, Belhaj R, Sammoud A, Messaoud T. Detection of a novel splicing mutation causing analbuminemia in a Libyan family. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:1183-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
10
|
Caridi G, Dagnino M, Di Duca M, Akyuz F, Boztas G, Besisik F, Demir K, Ormeci A, Gokturk S, Cefle K, Ozturk Ş, Palanduz S, Campagnoli M, Galliano M, Minchiotti L. A novel two bases deletion in the albumin gene causes analbuminaemia in a young Turkish man. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:950-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
11
|
Caridi G, Dagnino M, Di Duca M, Santra S, Ball S, Sulaiman RA, Campagnoli M, Galliano M, Minchiotti L. A two-base-pairs deletion in the albumin gene causes a new case of analbuminemia. Clin Chem Lab Med 2012; 50:2221-3. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|