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Erol ÖD, Şenocak Ş, Aerts-Kaya F. The Role of Rab GTPases in the development of genetic and malignant diseases. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:255-281. [PMID: 37060515 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Small GTPases have been shown to play an important role in several cellular functions, including cytoskeletal remodeling, cell polarity, intracellular trafficking, cell-cycle, progression and lipid transformation. The Ras-associated binding (Rab) family of GTPases constitutes the largest family of GTPases and consists of almost 70 known members of small GTPases in humans, which are known to play an important role in the regulation of intracellular membrane trafficking, membrane identity, vesicle budding, uncoating, motility and fusion of membranes. Mutations in Rab genes can cause a wide range of inherited genetic diseases, ranging from neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) to immune dysregulation/deficiency syndromes, like Griscelli Syndrome Type II (GS-II) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), as well as a variety of cancers. Here, we provide an extended overview of human Rabs, discussing their function and diseases related to Rabs and Rab effectors, as well as focusing on effects of (aberrant) Rab expression. We aim to underline their importance in health and the development of genetic and malignant diseases by assessing their role in cellular structure, regulation, function and biology and discuss the possible use of stem cell gene therapy, as well as targeting of Rabs in order to treat malignancies, but also to monitor recurrence of cancer and metastasis through the use of Rabs as biomarkers. Future research should shed further light on the roles of Rabs in the development of multifactorial diseases, such as diabetes and assess Rabs as a possible treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Doğuş Erol
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
- Hacettepe University Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şimal Şenocak
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
- Hacettepe University Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatima Aerts-Kaya
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
- Hacettepe University Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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2
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Vittal R, Fisher AJ, Thompson EL, Cipolla EM, Gu H, Mickler EA, Varre A, Agarwal M, Kim KK, Vasko MR, Moore BB, Lama VN. Overexpression of Decay Accelerating Factor Mitigates Fibrotic Responses to Lung Injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:459-470. [PMID: 35895592 PMCID: PMC9564933 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0463oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD55 or decay accelerating factor (DAF), a ubiquitously expressed glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein, confers a protective threshold against complement dysregulation which is linked to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Since lung fibrosis is associated with downregulation of DAF, we hypothesize that overexpression of DAF in fibrosed lungs will limit fibrotic injury by restraining complement dysregulation. Normal primary human alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECs) exposed to exogenous complement 3a or 5a, and primary AECs purified from IPF lungs demonstrated decreased membrane-bound DAF expression with concurrent increase in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress protein, ATF6. Increased loss of extracellular cleaved DAF fragments was detected in normal human AECs exposed to complement 3a or 5a, and in lungs of IPF patients. C3a-induced ATF6 expression and DAF loss was inhibited using pertussis toxin (an enzymatic inactivator of G-protein coupled receptors), in murine AECs. Treatment with soluble DAF abrogated tunicamycin-induced C3a secretion and ER stress (ATF6 and BiP expression) and restored epithelial cadherin. Bleomycin-injured fibrotic mice subjected to lentiviral overexpression of DAF demonstrated diminished levels of local collagen deposition and complement activation. Further analyses showed diminished release of DAF fragments, as well as reduction in apoptosis (TUNEL and caspase 3/7 activity), and ER stress-related transcripts. Loss-of-function studies using Daf1 siRNA demonstrated worsened lung fibrosis detected by higher mRNA levels of Col1a1 and epithelial injury-related Muc1 and Snai1, with exacerbated local deposition of C5b-9. Our studies provide a rationale for rescuing fibrotic lungs via DAF induction that will restrain complement dysregulation and lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Vittal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Amanda J. Fisher
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and
| | - Eric L. Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ellyse M. Cipolla
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Hongmei Gu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine and
| | | | - Ananya Varre
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Manisha Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Kevin K. Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Michael R. Vasko
- Department of Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Vibha N. Lama
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine and
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Nieto-Alamilla G, Behan M, Hossain M, Gochuico BR, Malicdan MCV. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: Gene therapy for pulmonary fibrosis. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 137:187-191. [PMID: 36088816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and often fatal lung disease that manifests in most patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) type 1. Although the pathobiology of HPS pulmonary fibrosis is unknown, several studies highlight the pathogenic roles of different cell types, including type 2 alveolar epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and immune cells. Despite the identification of the HPS1 gene and progress in understanding the pathobiology of HPS pulmonary fibrosis, specific treatment for HPS pulmonary fibrosis is not available, emphasizing the need to identify cellular and molecular targets and to develop therapeutic strategies for this devastating disease. This commentary summarizes recent advances and aims to provide insights into gene therapy for HPS pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Nieto-Alamilla
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Molly Behan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Mahin Hossain
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America; Undergraduate Scholarship Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Bernadette R Gochuico
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America; Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
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4
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Suezawa T, Kanagaki S, Korogi Y, Nakao K, Hirai T, Murakami K, Hagiwara M, Gotoh S. Modeling of lung phenotype of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type I using patient-specific iPSCs. Respir Res 2021; 22:284. [PMID: 34736469 PMCID: PMC8570015 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Somatic cells differentiated from patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could be a useful tool in human cell-based disease research. Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and a platelet dysfunction. HPS patients often suffer from lethal HPS associated interstitial pneumonia (HPSIP). Lung transplantation has been the only treatment for HPSIP. Lysosome-related organelles are impaired in HPS, thereby disrupting alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells with lamellar bodies. HPSIP lungs are characterized by enlarged lamellar bodies. Despite species differences between human and mouse in HPSIP, most studies have been conducted in mice since culturing human AT2 cells is difficult. Methods We generated patient-specific iPSCs from patient-derived fibroblasts with the most common bi-allelic variant, c.1472_1487dup16, in HPS1 for modeling severe phenotypes of HPSIP. We then corrected the variant of patient-specific iPSCs using CRISPR-based microhomology-mediated end joining to obtain isogenic controls. The iPSCs were then differentiated into lung epithelial cells using two different lung organoid models, lung bud organoids (LBOs) and alveolar organoids (AOs), and explored the phenotypes contributing to the pathogenesis of HPSIP using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Results The LBOs derived from patient-specific iPSCs successfully recapitulated the abnormalities in morphology and size. Proteomic analysis of AOs involving iPSC-derived AT2 cells and primary lung fibroblasts revealed mitochondrial dysfunction in HPS1 patient-specific alveolar epithelial cells. Further, giant lamellar bodies were recapitulated in patient-specific AT2 cells. Conclusions The HPS1 patient-specific iPSCs and their gene-corrected counterparts generated in this study could be a new research tool for understanding the pathogenesis of HPSIP caused by HPS1 deficiency in humans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-021-01877-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Suezawa
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kanagaki
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yohei Korogi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakao
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Murakami
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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5
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Velázquez-Díaz P, Nakajima E, Sorkhdini P, Hernandez-Gutierrez A, Eberle A, Yang D, Zhou Y. Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome and Lung Disease: Pathogenesis and Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644671. [PMID: 33841163 PMCID: PMC8028140 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS) is a rare, genetic, multisystem disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), bleeding diathesis, immunodeficiency, granulomatous colitis, and pulmonary fibrosis. HPS pulmonary fibrosis (HPS-PF) occurs in 100% of patients with subtype HPS-1 and has a similar presentation to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Upon onset, individuals with HPS-PF have approximately 3 years before experiencing signs of respiratory failure and eventual death. This review aims to summarize current research on HPS along with its associated pulmonary fibrosis and its implications for the development of novel treatments. We will discuss the genetic basis of the disease, its epidemiology, and current therapeutic and clinical management strategies. We continue to review the cellular processes leading to the development of HPS-PF in alveolar epithelial cells, lymphocytes, mast cells, and fibrocytes, along with the molecular mechanisms that contribute to its pathogenesis and may be targeted in the treatment of HPS-PF. Finally, we will discuss emerging new cellular and molecular approaches for studying HPS, including lentiviral-mediated gene transfer, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), organoid and 3D-modelling, and CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Parand Sorkhdini
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Adam Eberle
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dongqin Yang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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6
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Yokoyama T, Gochuico BR. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome pulmonary fibrosis: a rare inherited interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/159/200193. [PMID: 33536261 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0193-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive interstitial lung disease of unknown aetiology with a poor prognosis. Studying genetic diseases associated with pulmonary fibrosis provides insights into the pathogenesis of the disease. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterised by abnormal biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles, manifests with oculocutaneous albinism and excessive bleeding of variable severity. Pulmonary fibrosis is highly prevalent in three out of 10 genetic types of HPS (HPS-1, HPS-2 and HPS-4). Thus, genotyping of individuals with HPS is clinically relevant. HPS-1 tends to affect Puerto Rican individuals due to a genetic founder effect. HPS pulmonary fibrosis shares some clinical features with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), including dyspnoea, cough, restrictive lung physiology and computed tomography (CT) findings of fibrosis. In contrast to IPF, HPS pulmonary fibrosis generally affects children (HPS-2) or middle-aged adults (HPS-1 or HPS-4) and may be associated with ground-glass opacification in CT scans. Histopathology of HPS pulmonary fibrosis, and not IPF, shows vacuolated hyperplastic type II cells with enlarged lamellar bodies and alveolar macrophages with lipofuscin-like deposits. Antifibrotic drugs approved as treatment for IPF are not approved for HPS pulmonary fibrosis. However, lung transplantation has been performed in patients with severe HPS pulmonary fibrosis. HPS pulmonary fibrosis serves as a model for studying fibrotic lung disease and fibrosis in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadafumi Yokoyama
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Dept of Pediatrics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Bernadette R Gochuico
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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7
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Huizing M, Malicdan MCV, Wang JA, Pri-Chen H, Hess RA, Fischer R, O'Brien KJ, Merideth MA, Gahl WA, Gochuico BR. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: Mutation update. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:543-580. [PMID: 31898847 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a group of 10 autosomal recessive multisystem disorders, each defined by the deficiency of a specific gene. HPS-associated genes encode components of four ubiquitously expressed protein complexes: Adaptor protein-3 (AP-3) and biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BLOC-1) through -3. All individuals with HPS exhibit albinism and a bleeding diathesis; additional features occur depending on the defective protein complex. Pulmonary fibrosis is associated with AP-3 and BLOC-3 deficiency, immunodeficiency with AP-3 defects, and gastrointestinal symptoms are more prevalent and severe in BLOC-3 deficiency. Therefore, identification of the HPS subtype is valuable for prognosis, clinical management, and treatment options. The prevalence of HPS is estimated at 1-9 per 1,000,000. Here we summarize 264 reported and novel variants in 10 HPS genes and estimate that ~333 Puerto Rican HPS subjects and ~385 with other ethnicities are reported to date. We provide pathogenicity predictions for missense and splice site variants and list variants with high minor allele frequencies. Current cellular and clinical aspects of HPS are also summarized. This review can serve as a manifest for molecular diagnostics and genetic counseling aspects of HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Huizing
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - May C V Malicdan
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jennifer A Wang
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hadass Pri-Chen
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Richard A Hess
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roxanne Fischer
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin J O'Brien
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Melissa A Merideth
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William A Gahl
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bernadette R Gochuico
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and a bleeding diathesis due to platelet dysfunction. More than 50% of cases worldwide are diagnosed on the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. Genetic testing plays a growing role in diagnosis; however, not all patients with HPS have identified genetic mutations. In Puerto Rico, patients with HPS are often identified shortly after birth by their albinism, although the degree of hypopigmentation is highly variable. Ten subtypes have been described. Patients with HPS-1, HPS-2, and HPS-4 tend to develop pulmonary fibrosis in Puerto Rico; 100% of patients with HPS-1 develop HPS-PF. HPS-PF and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are considered similar entities (albeit with distinct causes) because both can show similar histological disease patterns. However, in contrast to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, HPS-PF manifests much earlier, often at 30-40 years of age. The progression of HPS-PF is characterized by the development of dyspnea and increasingly debilitating hypoxemia. No therapeutic interventions are currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of HPS and HPS-PF. However, the approval of two new antifibrotic drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, has prompted new interest in identifying drugs capable of reversing or halting the progression of HPS-PF. Thus, lung transplantation remains the only potentially life-prolonging treatment. At present, two clinical trials are recruiting patients with HPS-PF to identify biomarkers for disease progression. Advances in the diagnosis and management of these patients will require the establishment of multidisciplinary centers of excellence staffed by experts in this disease.
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9
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Kirshenbaum AS, Cruse G, Desai A, Bandara G, Leerkes M, Lee CCR, Fischer ER, O’Brien KJ, Gochuico BR, Stone K, Gahl WA, Metcalfe DD. Immunophenotypic and Ultrastructural Analysis of Mast Cells in Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome Type-1: A Possible Connection to Pulmonary Fibrosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159177. [PMID: 27459687 PMCID: PMC4961407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome type-1 (HPS-1) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in HPS1 which result in reduced expression of the HPS-1 protein, defective lysosome-related organelle (LRO) transport and absence of platelet delta granules. Patients with HPS-1 exhibit oculocutaneous albinism, colitis, bleeding and pulmonary fibrosis postulated to result from a dysregulated immune response. The effect of the HPS1 mutation on human mast cells (HuMCs) is unknown. Since HuMC granules classify as LROs along with platelet granules and melanosomes, we set out to determine if HPS-1 cutaneous and CD34+ culture-derived HuMCs have distinct granular and cellular characteristics. Cutaneous and cultured CD34+-derived HuMCs from HPS-1 patients were compared with normal cutaneous and control HuMCs, respectively, for any morphological and functional differences. One cytokine-independent HPS-1 culture was expanded, cloned, designated the HP proMastocyte (HPM) cell line and characterized. HPS-1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) alveolar interstitium showed numerous HuMCs; HPS-1 dermal mast cells exhibited abnormal granules when compared to healthy controls. HPS-1 HuMCs showed increased CD63, CD203c and reduced mediator release following FcɛRI aggregation when compared with normal HuMCs. HPM cells also had the duplication defect, expressed FcɛRI and intracytoplasmic proteases and exhibited less mediator release following FcɛRI aggregation. HPM cells constitutively released IL-6, which was elevated in patients' serum, in addition to IL-8, fibronectin-1 (FN-1) and galectin-3 (LGALS3). Transduction with HPS1 rescued the abnormal HPM morphology, cytokine and matrix secretion. Microarray analysis of HPS-1 HuMCs and non-transduced HPM cells confirmed upregulation of differentially expressed genes involved in fibrogenesis and degranulation. Cultured HPS-1 HuMCs appear activated as evidenced by surface activation marker expression, a decrease in mediator content and impaired releasibility. The near-normalization of constitutive cytokine and matrix release following rescue by HPS1 transduction of HPM cells suggests that HPS-1 HuMCs may contribute to pulmonary fibrosis and constitute a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold S. Kirshenbaum
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Glenn Cruse
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Avanti Desai
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Geethani Bandara
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maarten Leerkes
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chyi-Chia R. Lee
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth R. Fischer
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. O’Brien
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bernadette R. Gochuico
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kelly Stone
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William A. Gahl
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dean D. Metcalfe
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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