1
|
Savostyanov KV, Pushkov AA, Shchagina OA, Maltseva VV, Suleymanov EA, Zhanin IS, Mazanova NN, Fisenko AP, Mishakova PS, Polyakov AV, Balanovska EV, Zinchenko RA, Tsygin AN. Genetic Landscape of Nephropathic Cystinosis in Russian Children. Front Genet 2022; 13:863157. [PMID: 35571017 PMCID: PMC9096100 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.863157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephropathic cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by amino acid cystine accumulation and caused by biallelic mutations in the CTNS gene. The analysis methods are as follows: tandem mass spectrometry to determine the cystine concentration in polymorphonuclear blood leukocytes, Sanger sequencing for the entire coding sequence and flanking intron regions of the CTNS gene, multiplex PCR to detect a common mutation—a 57 kb deletion, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification to analyze the number of exon copies in the CTNS gene. Haplotype analysis of chromosomes with major mutations was carried out using microsatellite markers D17S831, D17S1798, D17S829, D17S1828, and D17S1876. In this study, we provide clinical, biochemical, and molecular genetic characteristics of 40 Russian patients with mutations in the CTNS gene, among whom 30 patients were selected from a high-risk group of 85 people as a result of selective screening, which was carried out through cystine concentration measurement in polymorphonuclear blood leukocytes. The most common pathogenic variant, as in most described studies to date, was the 57 kb deletion, which represented 25% of all affected alleles. Previously non-described variants represented 22.5% of alleles. The founder effect in the Karachay and Chechen ethnic groups was shown for the following major variants: c.1015G > A and c.518A > G.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. V. Savostyanov
- National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health Federal State Autonomous Institution of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: K. V. Savostyanov,
| | - A. A. Pushkov
- National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health Federal State Autonomous Institution of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - V. V. Maltseva
- National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health Federal State Autonomous Institution of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - I. S. Zhanin
- National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health Federal State Autonomous Institution of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - N. N. Mazanova
- National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health Federal State Autonomous Institution of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. P. Fisenko
- National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health Federal State Autonomous Institution of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - A. N. Tsygin
- National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health Federal State Autonomous Institution of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jamalpoor A, Othman A, Levtchenko EN, Masereeuw R, Janssen MJ. Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment Options of Nephropathic Cystinosis. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:673-686. [PMID: 33975805 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nephropathic cystinosis is a severe, monogenic systemic disorder that presents early in life and leads to progressive organ damage, particularly affecting the kidneys. It is caused by mutations in the CTNS gene, which encodes the lysosomal transporter cystinosin, resulting in intralysosomal accumulation of cystine. Recent studies demonstrated that the loss of cystinosin is associated with disrupted autophagy dynamics, accumulation of distorted mitochondria, and increased oxidative stress, leading to abnormal proliferation and dysfunction of kidney cells. We discuss these molecular mechanisms driving nephropathic cystinosis. Further, we consider how unravelling molecular mechanisms supports the identification and development of new strategies for cystinosis by the use of small molecules, biologicals, and genetic rescue of the disease in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amer Jamalpoor
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amr Othman
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elena N Levtchenko
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Growth and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven & KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Manoe J Janssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|