1
|
Li B, Liu F, Chen X, Chen T, Zhang J, Liu Y, Yao Y, Hu W, Zhang M, Wang B, Liu L, Chen K, Wu Y. FARS2 Deficiency Causes Cardiomyopathy by Disrupting Mitochondrial Homeostasis and the Mitochondrial Quality Control System. Circulation 2024; 149:1268-1284. [PMID: 38362779 PMCID: PMC11017836 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.064489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common heritable heart disease. Although HCM has been reported to be associated with many variants of genes involved in sarcomeric protein biomechanics, pathogenic genes have not been identified in patients with partial HCM. FARS2 (the mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase), a type of mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, plays a role in the mitochondrial translation machinery. Several variants of FARS2 have been suggested to cause neurological disorders; however, FARS2-associated diseases involving other organs have not been reported. We identified FARS2 as a potential novel pathogenic gene in cardiomyopathy and investigated its effects on mitochondrial homeostasis and the cardiomyopathy phenotype. METHODS FARS2 variants in patients with HCM were identified using whole-exome sequencing, Sanger sequencing, molecular docking analyses, and cell model investigation. Fars2 conditional mutant (p.R415L) or knockout mice, fars2-knockdown zebrafish, and Fars2-knockdown neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were engineered to construct FARS2 deficiency models both in vivo and in vitro. The effects of FARS2 and its role in mitochondrial homeostasis were subsequently evaluated using RNA sequencing and mitochondrial functional analyses. Myocardial tissues from patients were used for further verification. RESULTS We identified 7 unreported FARS2 variants in patients with HCM. Heart-specific Fars2-deficient mice presented cardiac hypertrophy, left ventricular dilation, progressive heart failure accompanied by myocardial and mitochondrial dysfunction, and a short life span. Heterozygous cardiac-specific Fars2R415L mice displayed a tendency to cardiac hypertrophy at age 4 weeks, accompanied by myocardial dysfunction. In addition, fars2-knockdown zebrafish presented pericardial edema and heart failure. FARS2 deficiency impaired mitochondrial homeostasis by directly blocking the aminoacylation of mt-tRNAPhe and inhibiting the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins, ultimately contributing to an imbalanced mitochondrial quality control system by accelerating mitochondrial hyperfragmentation and disrupting mitochondrion-related autophagy. Interfering with the mitochondrial quality control system using adeno-associated virus 9 or specific inhibitors mitigated the cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by FARS2 deficiency by restoring mitochondrial homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings unveil the previously unrecognized role of FARS2 in heart and mitochondrial homeostasis. This study may provide new insights into the molecular diagnosis and prevention of heritable cardiomyopathy as well as therapeutic options for FARS2-associated cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics (B.L., X.C., T.C., J.Z., Y.L., Y.Y., W.H., M.Z., Y.W.), Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Neurobiology (F.L.), Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xihui Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics (B.L., X.C., T.C., J.Z., Y.L., Y.Y., W.H., M.Z., Y.W.), Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tangdong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics (B.L., X.C., T.C., J.Z., Y.L., Y.Y., W.H., M.Z., Y.W.), Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics (B.L., X.C., T.C., J.Z., Y.L., Y.Y., W.H., M.Z., Y.W.), Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics (B.L., X.C., T.C., J.Z., Y.L., Y.Y., W.H., M.Z., Y.W.), Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics (B.L., X.C., T.C., J.Z., Y.L., Y.Y., W.H., M.Z., Y.W.), Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weihong Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics (B.L., X.C., T.C., J.Z., Y.L., Y.Y., W.H., M.Z., Y.W.), Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics (B.L., X.C., T.C., J.Z., Y.L., Y.Y., W.H., M.Z., Y.W.), Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Xijing Hospital (B.W., L.L.), Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liwen Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Xijing Hospital (B.W., L.L.), Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K.K. Leung Brain Research Center (K.C.), Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuanming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Genetics (B.L., X.C., T.C., J.Z., Y.L., Y.Y., W.H., M.Z., Y.W.), Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital (Y.W.), Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Licchetta L, Di Giorgi L, Santucci M, Taruffi L, Stipa C, Minardi R, Carelli V, Bisulli F. Biallelic pathogenic variants of PARS2 cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2311. [PMID: 38087948 PMCID: PMC10767575 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biallelic pathogenic variants in the mitochondrial prolyl-tRNA synthetase 2 gene (PARS2, OMIM * 612036) have been associated with Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy-75 (DEE-75, MIM #618437). This condition is typically characterized by early-onset refractory infantile spasms with hypsarrhythmia, intellectual disability, microcephaly, cerebral atrophy with hypomyelination, lactic acidemia, and cardiomyopathy. Most affected individuals do not survive beyond the age of 10 years. METHODS We describe a patient with early-onset DEE, consistently showing an EEG pattern of Spike-and-Wave Activation in Sleep (SWAS) since childhood. The patient underwent extensive clinical, metabolic and genetic investigations, including whole exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS WES analysis identified compound heterozygous variants in PARS2 that have been already reported as pathogenic. A literature review of PARS2-associated DEE, focusing mainly on the electroclinical phenotype, did not reveal the association of SWAS with pathogenic variants in PARS2. Notably, unlike previously reported cases with the same genotype, this patient had longer survival without cardiac involvement or lactic acidosis, suggesting potential genetic modifiers contributing to disease variability. CONCLUSION These findings widen the genetic heterogeneity of DEE-SWAS, including PARS2 as a causative gene in this syndromic entity, and highlight the importance of prolonged sleep EEG recording for the recognition of SWAS as a possible electroclinical evolution of PARS2-related DEE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Licchetta
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaFull member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Lucia Di Giorgi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaFull member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced DiagnosticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Margherita Santucci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Lisa Taruffi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaFull member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Carlotta Stipa
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaFull member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Raffaella Minardi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaFull member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Valerio Carelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaFull member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Francesca Bisulli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaFull member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang Z, Chen H, Lu Y, Gao Y, Sun H, Wang J, Jin L, Chu J, Xu S. Genetic evidence of tri-genealogy hypothesis on the origin of ethnic minorities in Yunnan. BMC Biol 2022; 20:166. [PMID: 35864541 PMCID: PMC9306206 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yunnan is located in Southwest China and consists of great cultural, linguistic, and genetic diversity. However, the genomic diversity of ethnic minorities in Yunnan is largely under-investigated. To gain insights into population history and local adaptation of Yunnan minorities, we analyzed 242 whole-exome sequencing data with high coverage (~ 100-150 ×) of Yunnan minorities representing Achang, Jingpo, Dai, and Deang, who were linguistically assumed to be derived from three ancient lineages (the tri-genealogy hypothesis), i.e., Di-Qiang, Bai-Yue, and Bai-Pu. RESULTS Yunnan minorities show considerable genetic differences. Di-Qiang populations likely migrated from the Tibetan area about 6700 years ago. Genetic divergence between Bai-Yue and Di-Qiang was estimated to be 7000 years, and that between Bai-Yue and Bai-Pu was estimated to be 5500 years. Bai-Pu is relatively isolated, but gene flow from surrounding Di-Qiang and Bai-Yue populations was also found. Furthermore, we identified genetic variants that are differentiated within Yunnan minorities possibly due to the living circumstances and habits. Notably, we found that adaptive variants related to malaria and glucose metabolism suggest the adaptation to thalassemia and G6PD deficiency resulting from malaria resistance in the Dai population. CONCLUSIONS We provided genetic evidence of the tri-genealogy hypothesis as well as new insights into the genetic history and local adaptation of the Yunnan minorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiayou Chu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, 650118, China.
| | - Shuhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zou Y, Yang Y, Fu X, He X, Liu M, Zong T, Li X, Htet Aung L, Wang Z, Yu T. The regulatory roles of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase in cardiovascular disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:372-387. [PMID: 34484863 PMCID: PMC8399643 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are widely found in organisms, which can activate amino acids and make them bind to tRNA through ester bond to form the corresponding aminoyl-tRNA. The classic function of ARS is to provide raw materials for protein biosynthesis. Recently, emerging evidence demonstrates that ARSs play critical roles in controlling inflammation, immune responses, and tumorigenesis as well as other important physiological and pathological processes. With the recent development of genome and exon sequencing technology, as well as the discovery of new clinical cases, ARSs have been reported to be closely associated with a variety of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly angiogenesis and cardiomyopathy. Intriguingly, aminoacylation was newly identified and reported to modify substrate proteins, thereby regulating protein activity and functions. Sensing the availability of intracellular amino acids is closely related to the regulation of a variety of cell physiology. In this review, we summarize the research progress on the mechanism of CVDs caused by abnormal ARS function and introduce the clinical phenotypes and characteristics of CVDs related to ARS dysfunction. We also highlight the potential roles of aminoacylation in CVDs. Finally, we discuss some of the limitations and challenges of present research. The current findings suggest the significant roles of ARSs involved in the progress of CVDs, which present the potential clinical values as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets in CVD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zou
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Fu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqin He
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixin Liu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyu Zong
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lynn Htet Aung
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China.,Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|