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Yang H, Zhu M, Wang M, Zhou H, Zheng J, Qiu L, Fan W, Yang J, Yu Q, Yang Y, Zhang W. Genome-wide comparative analysis reveals selection signatures for reproduction traits in prolific Suffolk sheep. Front Genet 2024; 15:1404031. [PMID: 38911299 PMCID: PMC11193351 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1404031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of genome-wide selection signatures can reveal the potential genetic mechanisms involved in the generation of new breeds through natural or artificial selection. In this study, we screened the genome-wide selection signatures of prolific Suffolk sheep, a new strain of multiparous mutton sheep, to identify candidate genes for reproduction traits and unravel the germplasm characteristics and population genetic evolution of this new strain of Suffolk sheep. Whole-genome resequencing was performed at an effective sequencing depth of 20× for genomic diversity and population structure analysis. Additionally, selection signatures were investigated in prolific Suffolk sheep, Suffolk sheep, and Hu sheep using fixation index (F ST) and heterozygosity H) analysis. A total of 5,236.338 Gb of high-quality genomic data and 28,767,952 SNPs were obtained for prolific Suffolk sheep. Moreover, 99 selection signals spanning candidate genes were identified. Twenty-three genes were significantly associated with KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology terms related to reproduction, growth, immunity, and metabolism. Through selective signal analysis, genes such as ARHGEF4, CATIP, and CCDC115 were found to be significantly correlated with reproductive traits in prolific Suffolk sheep and were highly associated with the mTOR signaling pathway, the melanogenic pathway, and the Hippo signaling pathways, among others. These results contribute to the understanding of the evolution of artificial selection in prolific Suffolk sheep and provide candidate reproduction-related genes that may be beneficial for the establishment of new sheep breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
| | - Mengting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Mingyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Huaqian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Lixia Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jinghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
| | - Qian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
| | - Yonglin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
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Jericó D, Córdoba KM, Urigo F, Enríquez de Salamanca R, Anderson KE, Deybach JC, Ávila MA, Fontanellas A. Exploring current and emerging therapies for porphyrias. Liver Int 2024. [PMID: 38813953 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Porphyrias are rare, mostly inherited disorders resulting from altered activity of specific enzymes in the haem synthesis pathway that lead to accumulation of pathway intermediates. Photocutaneous symptoms occur when excess amounts of photoreactive porphyrins circulate in the blood to the skin, whereas increases in potentially neurotoxic porphyrin precursors are associated with neurovisceral symptoms. Current therapies are suboptimal and their mechanisms are not well established. As described here, emerging therapies address underlying disease mechanisms by introducing a gene, RNA or other specific molecule with the potential to cure or slow progression of the disease. Recent progress in nanotechnology and nanoscience, particularly regarding particle design and formulation, is expanding disease targets. More secure and efficient drug delivery systems have extended our toolbox for transferring specific molecules, especially into hepatocytes, and led to proof-of-concept studies in animal models. Repurposing existing drugs as molecular chaperones or haem synthesis inhibitors is also promising. This review summarizes key examples of these emerging therapeutic approaches and their application for hepatic and erythropoietic porphyrias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jericó
- Solid Tumors Program, Hepatology: Porphyrias & Carcinogenesis Laboratory, CIMA-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karol M Córdoba
- Solid Tumors Program, Hepatology: Porphyrias & Carcinogenesis Laboratory, CIMA-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francesco Urigo
- Solid Tumors Program, Hepatology: Porphyrias & Carcinogenesis Laboratory, CIMA-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Enríquez de Salamanca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Disease-MetabERN, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karl E Anderson
- Porphyria Laboratory and Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jean-Charles Deybach
- French Porphyria Reference Center (CRMR Porphyries France), Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Matías A Ávila
- Solid Tumors Program, Hepatology: Porphyrias & Carcinogenesis Laboratory, CIMA-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Fontanellas
- Solid Tumors Program, Hepatology: Porphyrias & Carcinogenesis Laboratory, CIMA-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Iron Metabolism in the Disorders of Heme Biosynthesis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090819. [PMID: 36144223 PMCID: PMC9505951 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Given its remarkable property to easily switch between different oxidative states, iron is essential in countless cellular functions which involve redox reactions. At the same time, uncontrolled interactions between iron and its surrounding milieu may be damaging to cells and tissues. Heme—the iron-chelated form of protoporphyrin IX—is a macrocyclic tetrapyrrole and a coordination complex for diatomic gases, accurately engineered by evolution to exploit the catalytic, oxygen-binding, and oxidoreductive properties of iron while minimizing its damaging effects on tissues. The majority of the body production of heme is ultimately incorporated into hemoglobin within mature erythrocytes; thus, regulation of heme biosynthesis by iron is central in erythropoiesis. Additionally, heme is a cofactor in several metabolic pathways, which can be modulated by iron-dependent signals as well. Impairment in some steps of the pathway of heme biosynthesis is the main pathogenetic mechanism of two groups of diseases collectively known as porphyrias and congenital sideroblastic anemias. In porphyrias, according to the specific enzyme involved, heme precursors accumulate up to the enzyme stop in disease-specific patterns and organs. Therefore, different porphyrias manifest themselves under strikingly different clinical pictures. In congenital sideroblastic anemias, instead, an altered utilization of mitochondrial iron by erythroid precursors leads to mitochondrial iron overload and an accumulation of ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow. In line with the complexity of the processes involved, the role of iron in these conditions is then multifarious. This review aims to summarise the most important lines of evidence concerning the interplay between iron and heme metabolism, as well as the clinical and experimental aspects of the role of iron in inherited conditions of altered heme biosynthesis.
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Role of phlebotomy in the treatment of liver damage related to erythropoietic porphyria. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6100. [PMID: 35414164 PMCID: PMC9005698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver damage affects the prognosis of patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). However, there is no radical cure for EPP patients with severe liver damage. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of phlebotomy in patients with severe liver damage. We examined seven patients diagnosed with EPP and liver damage between 2010 and 2020. Of the 7 cases, phlebotomy was performed in 3 cases with severe hepatic disorder, and the improvement effect of hepatic disorder was observed in all cases. In addition, as an additional study, we also investigated the mechanism by which liver damage becomes more severe. Liver biopsy samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of adenosine triphosphate-binding transporter G2 (ABCG2). Liver biopsies were performed in 3 of 7 patients with EPP. Of these three patients, ABCG2 expression was low in two patients, especially in the protoporphyrin (PP) deposition area. Two patients with reduced ABCG2 expression subsequently developed severe liver damage. However, the causal relationship between the decreased expression of ABCG2 and the exacerbation of liver damage has not been directly proved, and further investigation is required in the future. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of phlebotomy in EPP patients with severe liver damage.
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Iron, Heme Synthesis and Erythropoietic Porphyrias: A Complex Interplay. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120798. [PMID: 34940556 PMCID: PMC8705723 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietic porphyrias are caused by enzymatic dysfunctions in the heme biosynthetic pathway, resulting in porphyrins accumulation in red blood cells. The porphyrins deposition in tissues, including the skin, leads to photosensitivity that is present in all erythropoietic porphyrias. In the bone marrow, heme synthesis is mainly controlled by intracellular labile iron by post-transcriptional regulation: translation of ALAS2 mRNA, the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the pathway, is inhibited when iron availability is low. Moreover, it has been shown that the expression of ferrochelatase (FECH, an iron-sulfur cluster enzyme that inserts iron into protoporphyrin IX to form heme), is regulated by intracellular iron level. Accordingly, there is accumulating evidence that iron status can mitigate disease expression in patients with erythropoietic porphyrias. This article will review the available clinical data on how iron status can modify the symptoms of erythropoietic porphyrias. We will then review the modulation of heme biosynthesis pathway by iron availability in the erythron and its role in erythropoietic porphyrias physiopathology. Finally, we will summarize what is known of FECH interactions with other proteins involved in iron metabolism in the mitochondria.
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Erwin AL, Balwani M. Porphyrias in the Age of Targeted Therapies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101795. [PMID: 34679493 PMCID: PMC8534485 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The porphyrias are a group of eight rare genetic disorders, each caused by the deficiency of one of the enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway, resulting in the excess accumulation of heme precursors and porphyrins. Depending on the tissue site as well as the chemical characteristics of the accumulating substances, the clinical features of different porphyrias vary substantially. Heme precursors are neurotoxic, and their accumulation results in acute hepatic porphyria, while porphyrins are photoactive, and excess amounts cause cutaneous porphyrias, which present with photosensitivity. These disorders are clinically heterogeneous but can result in severe clinical manifestations, long-term complications and a significantly diminished quality of life. Medical management consists mostly of the avoidance of triggering factors and symptomatic treatment. With an improved understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and disease mechanisms, new treatment approaches have become available, which address the underlying defects at a molecular or cellular level, and promise significant improvement, symptom prevention and more effective treatment of acute and chronic disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika L. Erwin
- Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Cleveland Clinic & Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-444-9249
| | - Manisha Balwani
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
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