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Murray RL, Gwynne DT, Bussière LF. Mating and Sexual Selection in Empidine Dance Flies (Empididae). INSECTS 2022; 13:839. [PMID: 36135540 PMCID: PMC9502509 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Species whose behaviour or morphology diverges from typical patterns can provide unique insights on the evolutionary forces that promote diversity. Darwin recognised that while elaborate sexually selected traits mostly occurred among males, in a few species females possess such traits. Some species from the subfamily Empidinae (Diptera: Empididae) are among the animals that are often invoked to illustrate female ornaments. Empidines include taxa that exhibit varying levels of female ornament expression; some species possess multiple, elaborate female-specific ornaments while others have fewer and more modest adornments, and many species are altogether lacking discernible sexual ornamentation. This continuous variation in display traits in the Empidinae provides unique opportunities to explore the causes and consequences of sexually selected ornament expression. Here, we review the literature on sexual selection and mating systems in these flies and synthesise the evidence for various evolutionary forces that could conceivably create this impressive morphological and behavioural diversity, despite evolutionary constraints on female ornament exaggeration that help to explain its general rarity among animals. We also suggest some aspects of diversity that remain relatively unexplored or poorly understood, and close by offering suggestions for future research progress in the evolutionary ecology of mating behaviour among empidine flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind L. Murray
- Biology Department, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Darryl T. Gwynne
- Biology Department, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Luc F. Bussière
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences & Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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2
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Lin C, Yang D. The mitochondrial genome of Lichtwardtia dentalis Zhang, Masunaga et Yang, 2009 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:2266-2268. [PMID: 34286094 PMCID: PMC8266247 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1948369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-legged fly Lichtwardtia dentalis Zhang, Masunaga et Yang, 2009 belongs to the subfamily Dolichopodinae of Dolichopodidae. The newly sequenced mitogenome of L. dentalis is a new representative of the subfamily. The nearly complete mitogenome is 15,124 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs). All genes have similar locations and encoding directions with that of other published mitogenomes of Dolichopodidae. The nucleotide composition biases toward A and T with the overall A + T % is 73.9%. All protein-coding genes initiate with standard start codon ATN except COI and NAD1, and TAA/TAG are conventionally used as stop codons. All tRNAs, ranging from 62 to 71 bp, have a clover-leaf structure. Based on the result of the phylogenetic analysis, Dolichopodidae and Empididae were monophyletic, and the relationships among subfamilies of Dolichopodidae were Diaphorinae + (Peloropeodinae + (Xanthochlorinae + (Medeterinae + Dolichopodinae))). The monophyly of the subfamily Dolichopodinae and the sister relationship between Dolichopus and Lichtwardtia were also strongly supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- Institute of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, PR China
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ding Yang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
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3
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Kanavalová L, Grootaert P, Kubík Š, Barták M. Four new West Palaearctic species and new distributional records of Hybotidae (Diptera). Zookeys 2021; 1019:141-162. [PMID: 33679172 PMCID: PMC7921071 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1019.61496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Megagrapha starki Barták & Grootaert, sp. nov. (Poland, Russia, Slovakia), Oedalea portugalica Barták & Grootaert, sp. nov. (Portugal), Hybos conicus Grootaert & Barták, sp. nov. (Greece, Turkey), and Platypalpus obscuroides Barták & Grootaert, sp. nov. (Slovakia) are described and illustrated. Diagnostic characters are discussed. The female of Syndyas merzi Shamshev & Grootaert, 2012 is described for the first time. New distributional records are presented: Megagrapha europaea Papp & Földvári, 2001 is first reported from Slovakia and Syndyas merzi Shamshev & Grootaert, 2012 is first reported from Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Kanavalová
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha-Suchdol, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Patrick Grootaert
- Department of Entomology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B – 1000, Brussels, BelgiumDepartment of Entomology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural SciencesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Štěpán Kubík
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha-Suchdol, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Miroslav Barták
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha-Suchdol, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
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4
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Souza Amorim DD, Riccardi PR, Rafael JA. First Known Extant Species of Alavesia (Diptera: Atelestidae) in the Neotropical Region: Alavesia leukoprosopa, sp. nov., from the Southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1206/3962.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Raile Riccardi
- Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
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5
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Sinclair BJ, Grimaldi DA. Cretaceous Diversity of the Relict Genus Alavesia Waters and Arillo (Diptera: Empidoidea: Atelestidae). AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1206/3961.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Sinclair
- Canadian National Collection of Insects & Canadian Food Inspection Agency, OPL-Entomology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David A. Grimaldi
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, New York
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6
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Kanavalová L, Kubík Š, Barták M. Two new West Palaearctic species of Atelestus Walker (Diptera, Atelestidae) and new distributional records of the family. Zookeys 2020; 955:147-158. [PMID: 32855596 PMCID: PMC7423777 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.955.53698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Atelestus turcicus Barták, sp. nov. (Turkey) and Atelestus ibericus Barták, sp. nov. (Spain) are described and illustrated. A key to all known Palaearctic species of Atelestus is provided and the main diagnostic characters are discussed. The female of Nemedina acutiformis Carles-Tolrá, 2008 is described for the first time. New distributional records are presented: Atelestus dissonans Collin, 1961 - first records from Spain and Bulgaria, A. pulicarius (Fallén, 1816) - first record from Turkey, Nemedina alamirabilis Chandler, 1981 - first record from Bulgaria and N. acutiformis Carles-Tolrá, 2008 - first record from Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Kanavalová
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Štěpán Kubík
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Miroslav Barták
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha-Suchdol, Czech RepublicCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
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7
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Murray RL, Herridge EJ, Ness RW, Wiberg RAW, Bussière LF. Competition for access to mates predicts female-specific ornamentation and male investment in relative testis size. Evolution 2020; 74:1741-1754. [PMID: 32352568 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sexually selected ornaments are highly variable and the factors that drive variation in ornament expression are not always clear. Rare instances of female-specific ornament evolution (such as in some dance fly species) are particularly puzzling. While some evidence suggests that such rare instances represent straightforward reversals of sexual selection intensity, the distinct nature of trade-offs between ornaments and offspring pose special constraints in females. To examine whether competition for access to mates generally favors heightened ornament expression, we built a phylogeny and conducted a comparative analysis of Empidinae dance fly taxa that display female-specific ornaments. We show that species with more female-biased operational sex ratios in lek-like mating swarms have greater female ornamentation, and in taxa with more ornate females, male relative testis investment is increased. These findings support the hypothesis that ornament diversity in dance flies depends on female receptivity to mates, which is associated with contests for nutritious nuptial gifts provided by males. Moreover, our results suggest that increases in female receptivity lead to higher levels of sperm competition among males. The incidence of both heightened premating sexual selection on females and postmating selection on males contradicts assertions that sex roles are straightforwardly reversed in dance flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind L Murray
- Biology Department, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada.,Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Herridge
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Rob W Ness
- Biology Department, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - R Axel W Wiberg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Evolutionary Biology, University of Basel, Basel, 4051, Switzerland
| | - Luc F Bussière
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
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8
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Narayanan Kutty S, Meusemann K, Bayless KM, Marinho MAT, Pont AC, Zhou X, Misof B, Wiegmann BM, Yeates D, Cerretti P, Meier R, Pape T. Phylogenomic analysis of Calyptratae: resolving the phylogenetic relationships within a major radiation of Diptera. Cladistics 2019; 35:605-622. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Narayanan Kutty
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore 14 Science Dr 4 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Karen Meusemann
- Biology I, Evolutionary Biology & Ecology University of Freiburg Hauptstraße 1 Freiburg (Brsg.) Germany
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK)/Zentrum für Molekulare Biodiversitätsforschung (ZMB) Bonn Germany
- Australian National Insect Collection CSIRO National Research Collections Australia (NRCA) Acton, ACT Canberra Australia
| | - Keith M. Bayless
- Department of Entomology California Academy of Sciences San Francisco CA USA
- Department of Entomology North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Marco A. T. Marinho
- Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Pelotas Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Adrian C. Pont
- Oxford University Museum of Natural History Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PW UK
| | - Xin Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
- Department of Entomology China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China
| | - Bernhard Misof
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK)/Zentrum für Molekulare Biodiversitätsforschung (ZMB) Bonn Germany
| | - Brian M. Wiegmann
- Department of Entomology North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - David Yeates
- Australian National Insect Collection CSIRO National Research Collections Australia (NRCA) Acton, ACT Canberra Australia
| | - Pierfilippo Cerretti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘Charles Darwin’ Sapienza Università di Roma Rome Italy
| | - Rudolf Meier
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore 14 Science Dr 4 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Thomas Pape
- Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 15 Copenhagen DK–2100 Denmark
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9
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Tkoč M, Tóthová A, Ståhls G, Chandler PJ, Vaňhara J. Molecular phylogeny of flat-footed flies (Diptera: Platypezidae): main clades supported by new morphological evidence. ZOOL SCR 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Tkoč
- Department of Entomology; National Museum; Cirkusová 1740, CZ-193 00 Praha 9 Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Viničná 7, CZ-128 00 Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Tóthová
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University in Brno; Kamenice 753/5, CZ-625 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Gunilla Ståhls
- Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History; University of Helsinki; PO Box 17, 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Jaromír Vaňhara
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University in Brno; Kamenice 753/5, CZ-625 00 Brno Czech Republic
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10
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Watts M, Winkler IS, Daugeron C, de Carvalho CJ, Turner SP, Wiegmann BM. Where do the Neotropical Empidini lineages (Diptera: Empididae: Empidinae) fit in a worldwide context? Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 95:67-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Winkler IS, Blaschke JD, Davis DJ, Stireman JO, O'Hara JE, Cerretti P, Moulton JK. Explosive radiation or uninformative genes? Origin and early diversification of tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 88:38-54. [PMID: 25841383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Molecular phylogenetic studies at all taxonomic levels often infer rapid radiation events based on short, poorly resolved internodes. While such rapid episodes of diversification are an important and widespread evolutionary phenomenon, much of this poor phylogenetic resolution may be attributed to the continuing widespread use of "traditional" markers (mitochondrial, ribosomal, and some nuclear protein-coding genes) that are often poorly suited to resolve difficult, higher-level phylogenetic problems. Here we reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among a representative set of taxa of the parasitoid fly family Tachinidae and related outgroups of the superfamily Oestroidea. The Tachinidae are one of the most species rich, yet evolutionarily recent families of Diptera, providing an ideal case study for examining the differential performance of loci in resolving phylogenetic relationships and the benefits of adding more loci to phylogenetic analyses. We assess the phylogenetic utility of nine genes including both traditional genes (e.g., CO1 mtDNA, 28S rDNA) and nuclear protein-coding genes newly developed for phylogenetic analysis. Our phylogenetic findings, based on a limited set of taxa, include: a close relationship between Tachinidae and the calliphorid subfamily Polleninae, monophyly of Tachinidae and the subfamilies Exoristinae and Dexiinae, subfamily groupings of Dexiinae+Phasiinae and Tachininae+Exoristinae, and robust phylogenetic placement of the somewhat enigmatic genera Strongygaster, Euthera, and Ceracia. In contrast to poor resolution and phylogenetic incongruence of "traditional genes," we find that a more selective set of highly informative genes is able to more precisely identify regions of the phylogeny that experienced rapid radiation of lineages, while more accurately depicting their phylogenetic context. Although much expanded taxon sampling is necessary to effectively assess the monophyly of and relationships among major tachinid lineages and their relatives, we show that a small number of well-chosen nuclear protein-coding genes can successfully resolve even difficult phylogenetic problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac S Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; Department of Biology, Linfield College, McMinnville, OR 97128, USA
| | - Jeremy D Blaschke
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Daniel J Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - John O Stireman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | - James E O'Hara
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Pierfilippo Cerretti
- DAFNAE-Entomology, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy; Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin', 'Sapienza' Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - John K Moulton
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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12
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Kutty SN, Pont AC, Meier R, Pape T. Complete tribal sampling reveals basal split in Muscidae (Diptera), confirms saprophagy as ancestral feeding mode, and reveals an evolutionary correlation between instar numbers and carnivory. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 78:349-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Nagy ZT, Sonet G, Mortelmans J, Vandewynkel C, Grootaert P. Using DNA barcodes for assessing diversity in the family Hybotidae (Diptera, Empidoidea). Zookeys 2013:263-78. [PMID: 24453562 PMCID: PMC3890682 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.365.6070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Empidoidea is one of the largest extant lineages of flies, but phylogenetic relationships among species of this group are poorly investigated and global diversity remains scarcely assessed. In this context, one of the most enigmatic empidoid families is Hybotidae. Within the framework of a pilot study, we barcoded 339 specimens of Old World hybotids belonging to 164 species and 22 genera (plus two Empis as outgroups) and attempted to evaluate whether patterns of intra- and interspecific divergences match the current taxonomy. We used a large sampling of diverse Hybotidae. The material came from the Palaearctic (Belgium, France, Portugal and Russian Caucasus), the Afrotropic (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and the Oriental realms (Singapore and Thailand). Thereby, we optimized lab protocols for barcoding hybotids. Although DNA barcodes generally well distinguished recognized taxa, the study also revealed a number of unexpected phenomena: e.g., undescribed taxa found within morphologically very similar or identical specimens, especially when geographic distance was large; some morphologically distinct species showed no genetic divergence; or different pattern of intraspecific divergence between populations or closely related species. Using COI sequences and simple Neighbour-Joining tree reconstructions, the monophyly of many species- and genus-level taxa was well supported, but more inclusive taxonomical levels did not receive significant bootstrap support. We conclude that in hybotids DNA barcoding might be well used to identify species, when two main constraints are considered. First, incomplete barcoding libraries hinder efficient (correct) identification. Therefore, extra efforts are needed to increase the representation of hybotids in these databases. Second, the spatial scale of sampling has to be taken into account, and especially for widespread species or species complexes with unclear taxonomy, an integrative approach has to be used to clarify species boundaries and identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán T Nagy
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny (JEMU), Rue Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gontran Sonet
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny (JEMU), Rue Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonas Mortelmans
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny (Entomology), Rue Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camille Vandewynkel
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'eau et environnement, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Avenue Albert Thomas, 23, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Patrick Grootaert
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny (Entomology), Rue Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Trautwein MD, Wiegmann BM, Yeates DK. Overcoming the effects of rogue taxa: Evolutionary relationships of the bee flies. PLOS CURRENTS 2011; 3:RRN1233. [PMID: 21686308 PMCID: PMC3088465 DOI: 10.1371/currents.rrn1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bombyliidae (5000 sp.), or bee flies, are a lower brachyceran family of flower-visiting flies that, as larvae, act as parasitoids of other insects. The evolutionary relationships are known from a morphological analysis that yielded minimal support for higher-level groupings. We use the protein-coding gene CAD and 28S rDNA to determine phylogeny and to test the monophyly of existing subfamilies, the divisions Tomophtalmae, and 'the sand chamber subfamilies'. Additionally, we demonstrate that consensus networks can be used to identify rogue taxa in a Bayesian framework. Pruning rogue taxa post-analysis from the final tree distribution results in increased posterior probabilities. We find 8 subfamilies to be monophyletic and the subfamilies Heterotropinae and Mythicomyiinae to be the earliest diverging lineages. The large subfamily Bombyliinae is found to be polyphyletic and our data does not provide evidence for the monophyly of Tomophthalmae or the 'sand chamber subfamilies'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Trautwein
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27695 and CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Australian National Insect Collection, PO Box 1700 Canberra ACT 2601
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15
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Germann C, Wimmer C, Bernasconi MV. Molecular data sheds light on the classification of long-legged flies (Diptera:Dolichopodidae). INVERTEBR SYST 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/is11029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dolichopodidae (long-legged flies) is the world’s fourth largest dipteran family, but a phylogeny based on a broad global taxon sample is still lacking. We present here a first molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for Dolichopodidae, based on 157 dolichopodid species in 68 genera and 15 subfamilies from the Old and New World, and seven empidoid species (Empididae, Hybotidae) as outgroups. Both relatively fast-evolving mitochondrial markers (COI, 12S, 16S) and a more conserved nuclear marker (18S) were used, the latter being widely employed to study the phylogeny at higher taxonomic levels. We present strong evidence for Microphorinae as sister group to Dolichopodidae sensu stricto, and for the monophyletic Parathalassiinae as part of Dolichopodidae sensu stricto. Monophyly of Achalcinae, Dolichopodinae, and Sciapodinae is supported and Stolidosomatinae are placed within Sympycninae. Diaphorinae, Medeterinae, Neurigoninae, Rhaphiinae, and Sympycninae are paraphyletic, and Hydrophorinae and Peloropeodinae polyphyletic. Our broad taxon sample allows us to gain new insights into the complex systematics of Dolichopodidae. Our results highlight several problems with the traditional classification, which have considerable consequences for the systematic status of some taxa. The poor resolution observed in deep divergences supports previous hypotheses suggesting a rapid early radiation of Dolichopodidae.
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16
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Trautwein MD, Wiegmann BM, Yeates DK. A multigene phylogeny of the fly superfamily Asiloidea (Insecta): Taxon sampling and additional genes reveal the sister-group to all higher flies (Cyclorrhapha). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 56:918-30. [PMID: 20399874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Asiloidea are a group of 9 lower brachyceran fly families, considered to be the closest relative to the large Metazoan radiation Eremoneura (Cyclorrhapha+Empidoidea). The evidence for asiloid monophyly is limited, and few characters define the relationships between the families of Asiloidea and Eremoneura. Additionally, enigmatic genera, Hilarimorpha and Apystomyia, retain morphological characters of both asiloids and higher flies. We use the nuclear protein-coding gene CAD and 28S rDNA to test the monophyly of Asiloidea and to resolve its relationship to Eremoneura. We explore the effects of taxon sampling on support values and topological stability, the resolving power of additional genes, and hypothesis testing using four-cluster likelihood mapping. We find that: (1) the 'asiloid' genus Apystomyia is sister to Cyclorrhapha, (2) the remaining asiloids are monophyletic at the exclusion of the family Bombyliidae, and (3) our best estimate of relationships places the asiloid flies excluding Bombyliidae as the sister-group to Eremoneura, though high support is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Trautwein
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Placement of Conopidae (Diptera) within Schizophora based on mtDNA and nrDNA gene regions. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 56:91-103. [PMID: 20362064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The first attempt to phylogenetically place Conopidae using molecular characters, as well as the largest molecular analysis of relationships within Schizophora (Diptera) to date, is presented. Twenty-eight taxa from 11 acalyptrate families and seven acalyptrate superfamilies are represented. Nearly 12,800 bp of sequence data from 10 genes representing both mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase I (COI), cytochrome b (cytB), and 12S) and nuclear genes (28S, the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase region of CAD (CAD), elongation factor-1alpha (EF-1alpha), white, alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AATS), triose phosphate isomerase (TPI), and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD)) are analysed. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses strongly support the monophyly of both Conopidae and Schizophora. While in the parsimony analysis, Conopidae are placed as sister to the remaining Schizophora, the Bayesian analysis recovers a Conopidae+Lauxaniidae clade. The value of nuclear, mitochondrial, ribosomal, and protein-coding gene sequence data for answering phylogenetic questions at different levels of divergence is evaluated.
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Jaglarz MK, Kubrakiewicz J, Bilinski SM. A novel pattern of follicular epithelium morphogenesis in higher dipterans. ZOOLOGY 2010; 113:91-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Winkler IS, Rung A, Scheffer SJ. Hennig's orphans revisited: testing morphological hypotheses in the "Opomyzoidea" (Diptera: Schizophora). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2009; 54:746-62. [PMID: 20040375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The acalyptrate fly superfamily Opomyzoidea, as currently recognized, is a poorly-known group of 14 families. The composition of this group and relationships among included families have been controversial. Furthermore, the delimitation of two opomyzoid families, Aulacigastridae and Periscelididae, has been unstable with respect to placement of the genera Stenomicra, Cyamops, and Planinasus. To test the monophyly of Opomyzoidea, previously proposed relationships between families, and the position of the three problematic genera, we sequenced over 3300bp of nucleotide sequence data from the 28S ribosomal DNA and CAD (rudimentary) genes from 29 taxa representing all opomyzoid families, as well as 13 outgroup taxa. Relationships recovered differed between analyses, and only branches supporting well-established monophyletic families were recovered with high support, with a few exceptions. Opomyzoidea and its included subgroup, Asteioinea, were found to be non-monophyletic. Stenomicra, Cyamops, and Planinasus group consistently with Aulacigastridae, contrary to recent classifications. Xenasteiidae and Australimyzidae, two small, monogeneric families placed in separate superfamilies, were strongly supported as sister groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac S Winkler
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Kutty SN, Pape T, Pont A, Wiegmann BM, Meier R. The Muscoidea (Diptera: Calyptratae) are paraphyletic: Evidence from four mitochondrial and four nuclear genes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2008; 49:639-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pilgrim EM, von Dohlen CD, Pitts JP. Molecular phylogenetics of Vespoidea indicate paraphyly of the superfamily and novel relationships of its component families and subfamilies. ZOOL SCR 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00340.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Audzijonyte A, Daneliya ME, Mugue N, Väinölä R. Phylogeny of Paramysis (Crustacea: Mysida) and the origin of Ponto-Caspian endemic diversity: Resolving power from nuclear protein-coding genes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2008; 46:738-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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