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Beet CR, Hogg ID, Cary SC, McDonald IR, Sinclair BJ. The Resilience of Polar Collembola (Springtails) in a Changing Climate. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:100046. [PMID: 36683955 PMCID: PMC9846479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2022.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the resilience of polar biota to climate change is essential for predicting the effects of changing environmental conditions for ecosystems. Collembola are abundant in terrestrial polar ecosystems and are integral to food-webs and soil nutrient cycling. Using available literature, we consider resistance (genetic diversity; behavioural avoidance and physiological tolerances; biotic interactions) and recovery potential for polar Collembola. Polar Collembola have high levels of genetic diversity, considerable capacity for behavioural avoidance, wide thermal tolerance ranges, physiological plasticity, generalist-opportunistic feeding habits and broad ecological niches. The biggest threats to the ongoing resistance of polar Collembola are increasing levels of dispersal (gene flow), increased mean and extreme temperatures, drought, changing biotic interactions, and the arrival and spread of invasive species. If resistance capacities are insufficient, numerous studies have highlighted that while some species can recover from disturbances quickly, complete community-level recovery is exceedingly slow. Species dwelling deeper in the soil profile may be less able to resist climate change and may not recover in ecologically realistic timescales given the current rate of climate change. Ultimately, diverse communities are more likely to have species or populations that are able to resist or recover from disturbances. While much of the Arctic has comparatively high levels of diversity and phenotypic plasticity; areas of Antarctica have extremely low levels of diversity and are potentially much more vulnerable to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare R. Beet
- Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato - University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ian D. Hogg
- Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato - University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Canadian High Arctic Research Station, Polar Knowledge Canada, Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, Canada
| | - S. Craig Cary
- Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato - University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Ian R. McDonald
- Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato - University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Brent J. Sinclair
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Lee CK, Laughlin DC, Bottos EM, Caruso T, Joy K, Barrett JE, Brabyn L, Nielsen UN, Adams BJ, Wall DH, Hopkins DW, Pointing SB, McDonald IR, Cowan DA, Banks JC, Stichbury GA, Jones I, Zawar-Reza P, Katurji M, Hogg ID, Sparrow AD, Storey BC, Allan Green TG, Cary SC. Biotic interactions are an unexpected yet critical control on the complexity of an abiotically driven polar ecosystem. Commun Biol 2019; 2:62. [PMID: 30793041 PMCID: PMC6377621 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic factors control ecosystem biodiversity, but their relative contributions remain unclear. The ultraoligotrophic ecosystem of the Antarctic Dry Valleys, a simple yet highly heterogeneous ecosystem, is a natural laboratory well-suited for resolving the abiotic and biotic controls of community structure. We undertook a multidisciplinary investigation to capture ecologically relevant biotic and abiotic attributes of more than 500 sites in the Dry Valleys, encompassing observed landscape heterogeneities across more than 200 km2. Using richness of autotrophic and heterotrophic taxa as a proxy for functional complexity, we linked measured variables in a parsimonious yet comprehensive structural equation model that explained significant variations in biological complexity and identified landscape-scale and fine-scale abiotic factors as the primary drivers of diversity. However, the inclusion of linkages among functional groups was essential for constructing the best-fitting model. Our findings support the notion that biotic interactions make crucial contributions even in an extremely simple ecosystem. Charles Lee, Daniel Laughlin et al. use structural equation modeling to analyze ecological data from more than 500 sites in the Antarctic Dry Valleys. They find that although abiotic factors are the primary drivers of biodiversity variation, biotic interactions are needed to explain the data fully and may play previously underestimated roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles K Lee
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Daniel C Laughlin
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Eric M Bottos
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,Department of Biology, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC, V2C 0C8, Canada
| | - Tancredi Caruso
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Kurt Joy
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - John E Barrett
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Lars Brabyn
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,School of Social Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Uffe N Nielsen
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Byron J Adams
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Laboratories, and Monte L. Bean Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Diana H Wall
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,Department of Biology & School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - David W Hopkins
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,SRUC - Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Stephen B Pointing
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,Yale-NUS College and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 138527, Singapore
| | - Ian R McDonald
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Don A Cowan
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Jonathan C Banks
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,Cawthron Institute, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Glen A Stichbury
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Irfon Jones
- Gateway Antarctica, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand
| | - Peyman Zawar-Reza
- Centre for Atmospheric Research, Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand
| | - Marwan Katurji
- Centre for Atmospheric Research, Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand
| | - Ian D Hogg
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,Polar Knowledge Canada, Canadian High Arctic Research Station, Cambridge, Bay, X0B 0C0, Nunavut, Canada
| | | | - Bryan C Storey
- International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,Gateway Antarctica, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand
| | - T G Allan Green
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.,Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - S Craig Cary
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand. .,International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand. .,College of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19958, USA.
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Hamilton CA, Formanowicz DR, Bond JE. Species delimitation and phylogeography of Aphonopelma hentzi (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae): cryptic diversity in North American tarantulas. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26207. [PMID: 22022570 PMCID: PMC3192178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary objective of this study is to reconstruct the phylogeny of the hentzi species group and sister species in the North American tarantula genus, Aphonopelma, using a set of mitochondrial DNA markers that include the animal "barcoding gene". An mtDNA genealogy is used to consider questions regarding species boundary delimitation and to evaluate timing of divergence to infer historical biogeographic events that played a role in shaping the present-day diversity and distribution. We aimed to identify potential refugial locations, directionality of range expansion, and test whether A. hentzi post-glacial expansion fit a predicted time frame. METHODS AND FINDINGS A Bayesian phylogenetic approach was used to analyze a 2051 base pair (bp) mtDNA data matrix comprising aligned fragments of the gene regions CO1 (1165 bp) and ND1-16S (886 bp). Multiple species delimitation techniques (DNA tree-based methods, a "barcode gap" using percent of pairwise sequence divergence (uncorrected p-distances), and the GMYC method) consistently recognized a number of divergent and genealogically exclusive groups. CONCLUSIONS The use of numerous species delimitation methods, in concert, provide an effective approach to dissecting species boundaries in this spider group; as well they seem to provide strong evidence for a number of nominal, previously undiscovered, and cryptic species. Our data also indicate that Pleistocene habitat fragmentation and subsequent range expansion events may have shaped contemporary phylogeographic patterns of Aphonopelma diversity in the southwestern United States, particularly for the A. hentzi species group. These findings indicate that future species delimitation approaches need to be analyzed in context of a number of factors, such as the sampling distribution, loci used, biogeographic history, breadth of morphological variation, ecological factors, and behavioral data, to make truly integrative decisions about what constitutes an evolutionary lineage recognized as a "species".
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A. Hamilton
- Auburn University Museum of Natural History and Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Formanowicz
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jason E. Bond
- Auburn University Museum of Natural History and Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
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