1
|
Attracted to feed, not to be fed upon – on the biology of Toxomerus basalis (Walker, 1836), the kleptoparasitic ‘sundew flower fly’ (Diptera: Syrphidae). JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467422000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The complete life history of the kleptoparasitic ‘sundew flower fly’, Toxomerus basalis, is presented and illustrated. Adults of this species are photographed alive for the first time, including video recordings of larval and adult behaviour. Adult flies of both sexes visit Drosera (sundews) and show territorial behaviour around the plants, avoiding the dangerous sticky traps and demonstrating recognition of their larval host plant. Females lay eggs directly on non-sticky parts of the Drosera host plants, such as on the lower surface of the leaves and flower stalks, but apparently also on other plants growing in close proximity with the sundews.
Collapse
|
2
|
Mengual X, Ståhls G, Skevington JH. Life on an island: the phylogenetic placement of Loveridgeana and Afrotropical Sphaerophoria (Diptera: Syrphidae) inferred from molecular characters. SYST BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1795743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ximo Mengual
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversität der Tiere, Adenauerallee 160, Bonn, D-53113, Germany
| | - Gunilla Ståhls
- Zoology Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, University of Helsinki, PO Box 17, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Jeffrey H. Skevington
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, K1A 0C6, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
López-García GP, Reemer M, Debandi G, Mengual X. New information about the third stage larva and larval habitat of Microdon (Chymophila) bruchi Shannon, 1927 (Diptera, Syrphidae) from Argentina. J NAT HIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1746847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo P. López-García
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Zonas Áridas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Menno Reemer
- European Invertebrate Survey, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Debandi
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Junín, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ximo Mengual
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversität der Tiere, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
A world review of reported myiases caused by flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae), including the first case of human myiasis from Palpada scutellaris (Fabricius, 1805). Parasitol Res 2020; 119:815-840. [PMID: 32006229 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rat-tailed larvae of the syrphid species Palpada scutellaris (Fabricius, 1805) are documented causing an enteric human myiasis in Costa Rica. This is the first time that the genus Palpada is recorded as a human myiasis agent. We report a 68-year-old woman with intestinal pain and bloody diarrhea with several live Palpada larvae present in the stool. Using molecular techniques (DNA barcodes) and both electronic and optical microscopy to study the external morphology, the preimaginal stages of the fly were unambiguously identified. An identification key to all syrphid genera actually known as agents of human and animal myiases is provided for larvae, puparia, and adults. Moreover, a critical world review of more than 100 references of Syrphidae as myiasis agents is also given, with emphasis on the species with rat-tailed larvae.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kočiš Tubić N, Ståhls G, Ačanski J, Djan M, Obreht Vidaković D, Hayat R, Khaghaninia S, Vujić A, Radenković S. An integrative approach in the assessment of species delimitation and structure of the Merodon nanus species group (Diptera: Syrphidae). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-018-0381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
6
|
Mengual X, Ståhls G, Láska P, Mazánek L, Rojo S. Molecular phylogenetics of the predatory lineage of flower fliesEupeodes-Scaeva(Diptera: Syrphidae), with the description of the Neotropical genusAustroscaevagen. nov. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ximo Mengual
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig; Bonn Germany
| | - Gunilla Ståhls
- Zoology Unit; Finnish Museum of Natural History; Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Libor Mazánek
- Department of Zoology; Natural Science Faculty; Palacký University; Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Santos Rojo
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources; University of Alicante; Alicante Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Radenković S, Šašić Zorić L, Djan M, Obreht Vidaković D, Ačanski J, Ståhls G, Veličković N, Markov Z, Petanidou T, Kočiš Tubić N, Vujić A. Cryptic speciation in theMerodon luteomaculatuscomplex (Diptera: Syrphidae) from the eastern Mediterranean. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Radenković
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Šašić Zorić
- BioSense Institute - Research Institute for Information Technologies in Biosystems; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Mihajla Djan
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Dragana Obreht Vidaković
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Jelena Ačanski
- BioSense Institute - Research Institute for Information Technologies in Biosystems; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Gunilla Ståhls
- Zoology Unit; Finnish Museum of Natural History; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Nevena Veličković
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Zlata Markov
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Theodora Petanidou
- Laboratory of Biogeography and Ecology; Department of Geography; University of the Aegean; Mytilene Greece
| | - Nataša Kočiš Tubić
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - Ante Vujić
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Burt T, Mengual X. Origin and diversification of hoverflies: a revision of the genera Asarkina and Allobaccha – A BIG4 Consortium PhD project. RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2017. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.3.e19860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
9
|
Mengual X. A taxonomic revision of the genus Asiobaccha Violovitsh (Diptera: Syrphidae). J NAT HIST 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2016.1206634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ximo Mengual
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversität der Tiere, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Young AD, Lemmon AR, Skevington JH, Mengual X, Ståhls G, Reemer M, Jordaens K, Kelso S, Lemmon EM, Hauser M, De Meyer M, Misof B, Wiegmann BM. Anchored enrichment dataset for true flies (order Diptera) reveals insights into the phylogeny of flower flies (family Syrphidae). BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:143. [PMID: 27357120 PMCID: PMC4928351 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anchored hybrid enrichment is a form of next-generation sequencing that uses oligonucleotide probes to target conserved regions of the genome flanked by less conserved regions in order to acquire data useful for phylogenetic inference from a broad range of taxa. Once a probe kit is developed, anchored hybrid enrichment is superior to traditional PCR-based Sanger sequencing in terms of both the amount of genomic data that can be recovered and effective cost. Due to their incredibly diverse nature, importance as pollinators, and historical instability with regard to subfamilial and tribal classification, Syrphidae (flower flies or hoverflies) are an ideal candidate for anchored hybrid enrichment-based phylogenetics, especially since recent molecular phylogenies of the syrphids using only a few markers have resulted in highly unresolved topologies. Over 6200 syrphids are currently known and uncovering their phylogeny will help us to understand how these species have diversified, providing insight into an array of ecological processes, from the development of adult mimicry, the origin of adult migration, to pollination patterns and the evolution of larval resource utilization. RESULTS We present the first use of anchored hybrid enrichment in insect phylogenetics on a dataset containing 30 flower fly species from across all four subfamilies and 11 tribes out of 15. To produce a phylogenetic hypothesis, 559 loci were sampled to produce a final dataset containing 217,702 sites. We recovered a well resolved topology with bootstrap support values that were almost universally >95 %. The subfamily Eristalinae is recovered as paraphyletic, with the strongest support for this hypothesis to date. The ant predators in the Microdontinae are sister to all other syrphids. Syrphinae and Pipizinae are monophyletic and sister to each other. Larval predation on soft-bodied hemipterans evolved only once in this family. CONCLUSIONS Anchored hybrid enrichment was successful in producing a robustly supported phylogenetic hypothesis for the syrphids. Subfamilial reconstruction is concordant with recent phylogenetic hypotheses, but with much higher support values. With the newly designed probe kit this analysis could be rapidly expanded with further sampling, opening the door to more comprehensive analyses targeting problem areas in syrphid phylogenetics and ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Donovan Young
- />Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6 Canada
- />Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Alan R. Lemmon
- />Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Dirac Science Library, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4102 USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Skevington
- />Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6 Canada
- />Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Ximo Mengual
- />Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Adenauerallee 160, Bonn, D-53113 Germany
| | - Gunilla Ståhls
- />Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Zoology unit, P.O.Box 17, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Menno Reemer
- />Naturalis Biodiversity Center, EIS, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kurt Jordaens
- />Invertebrates Section, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Scott Kelso
- />Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6 Canada
| | - Emily Moriarty Lemmon
- />Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Dr., P.O. Box 3064295, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295 USA
| | - Martin Hauser
- />Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, California Department of Food & Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832-1448 USA
| | - Marc De Meyer
- />Invertebrates Section, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Bernhard Misof
- />Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Zentrum für molekulare Biodiversitätsforschung, Adenauerallee 160, Bonn, D-53113 Germany
| | - Brian M. Wiegmann
- />Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fleischmann A, Rivadavia F, Gonella PM, Pérez-Bañón C, Mengual X, Rojo S. Where Is My Food? Brazilian Flower Fly Steals Prey from Carnivorous Sundews in a Newly Discovered Plant-Animal Interaction. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153900. [PMID: 27144980 PMCID: PMC4856264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A new interaction between insects and carnivorous plants is reported from Brazil. Larvae of the predatory flower fly Toxomerus basalis (Diptera: Syrphidae: Syrphinae) have been found scavenging on the sticky leaves of several carnivorous sundew species (Drosera, Droseraceae) in Minas Gerais and São Paulo states, SE Brazil. This syrphid apparently spends its whole larval stage feeding on prey trapped by Drosera leaves. The nature of this plant-animal relationship is discussed, as well as the Drosera species involved, and locations where T. basalis was observed. 180 years after the discovery of this flower fly species, its biology now has been revealed. This is (1) the first record of kleptoparasitism in the Syrphidae, (2) a new larval feeding mode for this family, and (3) the first report of a dipteran that shows a kleptoparasitic relationship with a carnivorous plant with adhesive flypaper traps. The first descriptions of the third instar larva and puparium of T. basalis based on Scanning Electron Microscope analysis are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fleischmann
- Botanische Staatssammlung München, Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-Center LMU, Center of Geobiology and Biodiversity Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Paulo M. Gonella
- Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celeste Pérez-Bañón
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Recursos Naturales / Instituto CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ximo Mengual
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversität der Tiere, Bonn, Germany
| | - Santos Rojo
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Recursos Naturales / Instituto CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Buenaventura E, Whitmore D, Pape T. Molecular phylogeny of the hyperdiverse genusSarcophaga(Diptera: Sarcophagidae), and comparison between algorithms for identification of rogue taxa. Cladistics 2016; 33:109-133. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Buenaventura
- Natural History Museum of Denmark; Universitetsparken 15 Copenhagen DK-2100 Denmark
| | - Daniel Whitmore
- Department of Life Sciences; Natural History Museum; Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK
| | - Thomas Pape
- Natural History Museum of Denmark; Universitetsparken 15 Copenhagen DK-2100 Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mengual X, Thompson FC. Australian Allograpta Osten Sacken (Diptera, Syrphidae). Zookeys 2015; 513:65-78. [PMID: 26257569 PMCID: PMC4524278 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.513.9671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Allograptaterraenovae sp. n. and Allograptanotiale sp. n. are described from Australia. Notes on the Australian species of Allograpta and an identification key to them are also given. The lectotype of Allograptajavana Wiedemann is designated, and the species Syrphuspallidus Bigot is synonymized under Allograptaaustralensis (Schiner).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ximo Mengual
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversität der Tiere, Adenauerallee 160, D–53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - F. Christian Thompson
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mengual X, Ståhls G, Rojo S. Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic ranking of pipizine flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) with implications for the evolution of aphidophagy. Cladistics 2015; 31:491-508. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ximo Mengual
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig; Adenauerallee 160 D-53113 Bonn Germany
| | - Gunilla Ståhls
- Finnish Museum of Natural History; Zoology unit; FI-00014 University of Helsinki; PO Box 17 Helsinki Finland
| | - Santos Rojo
- Departmento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales⁄Instituto Universitario CIBIO; Universidad de Alicante; Apdo 99. E-03080 Alicante Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mengual X. Black-tie dress code: two new species of the genus Toxomerus (Diptera, Syrphidae). Zookeys 2011; 140:1-26. [PMID: 22144857 PMCID: PMC3208516 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.140.1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxomerus hauseri Mengual sp. n. and Toxomerus picudus Mengual sp. n. are described from Peru and Ecuador respectively. Toxomerus circumcintus (Enderlein, 1938) is treated as a valid species and not considered synonym of Toxomerus marginatus, and Toxomerus ovatus (Hull, 1942) is considered junior synonym of Toxomerus nitidus (Schiner, 1868). An identification key for the Toxomerus species with dark abdomens is given along with diagnoses for each studied species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ximo Mengual
- Department of Entomology, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|