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Pankey MS, Gochfeld DJ, Gastaldi M, Macartney KJ, Clayshulte Abraham A, Slattery M, Lesser MP. Phylosymbiosis and metabolomics resolve phenotypically plastic and cryptic sponge species in the genus Agelas across the Caribbean basin. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17321. [PMID: 38529721 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Fundamental to holobiont biology is recognising how variation in microbial composition and function relates to host phenotypic variation. Sponges often exhibit considerable phenotypic plasticity and also harbour dense microbial communities that function to protect and nourish hosts. One of the most prominent sponge genera on Caribbean coral reefs is Agelas. Using a comprehensive set of morphological (growth form, spicule), chemical and molecular data on 13 recognised species of Agelas in the Caribbean basin, we were able to define only five species (=clades) and found that many morphospecies designations were incongruent with phylogenomic and population genetic analyses. Microbial communities were also strongly differentiated between phylogenetic species, showing little evidence of cryptic divergence and relatively low correlation with morphospecies assignment. Metagenomic analyses also showed strong correspondence to phylogenetic species, and to a lesser extent, geographical and morphological characters. Surprisingly, the variation in secondary metabolites produced by sponge holobionts was explained by geography and morphospecies assignment, in addition to phylogenetic species, and covaried significantly with a subset of microbial symbionts. Spicule characteristics were highly plastic, under greater impact from geographical location than phylogeny. Our results suggest that while phenotypic plasticity is rampant in Agelas, morphological differences within phylogenetic species affect functionally important ecological traits, including the composition of the symbiotic microbial communities and metabolomic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Pankey
- Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - D J Gochfeld
- National Center for Natural Products Research and Environmental Toxicology, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - M Gastaldi
- Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Antonio Oeste, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - K J Macartney
- Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - A Clayshulte Abraham
- Division of Environmental Toxicology, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - M Slattery
- Division of Environmental Toxicology, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - M P Lesser
- Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
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Santín A, Uriz MJ, Cristobo J, Xavier JR, Ríos P. Unique spicules may confound species differentiation: taxonomy and biogeography of Melonanchora Carter, 1874 and two new related genera (Myxillidae: Poecilosclerida) from the Okhotsk Sea. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12515. [PMID: 35036117 PMCID: PMC8710052 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sponges are amongst the most difficult benthic taxa to properly identify, which has led to a prevalence of cryptic species in several sponge genera, especially in those with simple skeletons. This is particularly true for sponges living in remote or hardly accessible environments, such as the deep-sea, as the inaccessibility of their habitat and the lack of accurate descriptions usually leads to misclassifications. However, species can also remain hidden even when they belong to genera that have particularly characteristic features. In these cases, researchers inevitably pay attention to these peculiar features, sometimes disregarding small differences in the other "typical" spicules. The genus Melonanchora Carter, 1874, is among those well suited for a revision, as their representatives possess a unique type of spicule (spherancorae). After a thorough review of the material available for this genus from several institutions, four new species of Melonanchora, M. tumultuosa sp. nov., M. insulsa sp. nov., M. intermedia sp. nov. and M. maeli sp. nov. are formally described from different localities across the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Additionally, all Melonanchora from the Okhotsk Sea and nearby areas are reassigned to other genera; Melonanchora kobjakovae is transferred to Myxilla (Burtonanchora) while two new genera, Hanstoreia gen. nov. and Arhythmata gen. nov. are created to accommodate Melonanchora globogilva and Melonanchora tetradedritifera, respectively. Hanstoreia gen. nov. is closest to Melonanchora, whereas Arhythmata gen. nov., is closer to Stelodoryx, which is most likely polyphyletic and in need of revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Santín
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María-Jesús Uriz
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Javier Cristobo
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón., Gijón, Asturias, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, EU‑US Marine Biodiversity Group, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana R. Xavier
- CIIMAR–Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pilar Ríos
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón., Gijón, Asturias, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Hernández-Hernández T, Miller EC, Román-Palacios C, Wiens JJ. Speciation across the Tree of Life. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:1205-1242. [PMID: 33768723 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Much of what we know about speciation comes from detailed studies of well-known model systems. Although there have been several important syntheses on speciation, few (if any) have explicitly compared speciation among major groups across the Tree of Life. Here, we synthesize and compare what is known about key aspects of speciation across taxa, including bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and major animal groups. We focus on three main questions. Is allopatric speciation predominant across groups? How common is ecological divergence of sister species (a requirement for ecological speciation), and on what niche axes do species diverge in each group? What are the reproductive isolating barriers in each group? Our review suggests the following patterns. (i) Based on our survey and projected species numbers, the most frequent speciation process across the Tree of Life may be co-speciation between endosymbiotic bacteria and their insect hosts. (ii) Allopatric speciation appears to be present in all major groups, and may be the most common mode in both animals and plants, based on non-overlapping ranges of sister species. (iii) Full sympatry of sister species is also widespread, and may be more common in fungi than allopatry. (iv) Full sympatry of sister species is more common in some marine animals than in terrestrial and freshwater ones. (v) Ecological divergence of sister species is widespread in all groups, including ~70% of surveyed species pairs of plants and insects. (vi) Major axes of ecological divergence involve species interactions (e.g. host-switching) and habitat divergence. (vii) Prezygotic isolation appears to be generally more widespread and important than postzygotic isolation. (viii) Rates of diversification (and presumably speciation) are strikingly different across groups, with the fastest rates in plants, and successively slower rates in animals, fungi, and protists, with the slowest rates in prokaryotes. Overall, our study represents an initial step towards understanding general patterns in speciation across all organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Hernández-Hernández
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, U.S.A.,Catedrática CONACYT asignada a LANGEBIO-UGA Cinvestav, Libramiento Norte Carretera León Km 9.6, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth C Miller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, U.S.A
| | - Cristian Román-Palacios
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, U.S.A
| | - John J Wiens
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, U.S.A
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Koch H, DeGiorgio M. Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Species Trees from Gene Trees in the Presence of Ancestral Population Structure. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:3977-3995. [PMID: 32022857 PMCID: PMC7061232 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Though large multilocus genomic data sets have led to overall improvements in phylogenetic inference, they have posed the new challenge of addressing conflicting signals across the genome. In particular, ancestral population structure, which has been uncovered in a number of diverse species, can skew gene tree frequencies, thereby hindering the performance of species tree estimators. Here we develop a novel maximum likelihood method, termed TASTI (Taxa with Ancestral structure Species Tree Inference), that can infer phylogenies under such scenarios, and find that it has increasing accuracy with increasing numbers of input gene trees, contrasting with the relatively poor performances of methods not tailored for ancestral structure. Moreover, we propose a supertree approach that allows TASTI to scale computationally with increasing numbers of input taxa. We use genetic simulations to assess TASTI's performance in the three- and four-taxon settings and demonstrate the application of TASTI on a six-species Afrotropical mosquito data set. Finally, we have implemented TASTI in an open-source software package for ease of use by the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Koch
- Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Michael DeGiorgio
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University
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PAcheco C, Carballo JL, Cruz-Barraza JA, Schönberg CHL, Calcinai B. Delimiting boundaries between species: excavating sponges close to Cliona mucronata (Demospongiae). SYST BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1776785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian PAcheco
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mazatlán, México
| | - José Luis Carballo
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mazatlán, México
| | - JosÉ Antonio Cruz-Barraza
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mazatlán, México
| | - Christine Hanna Lydia Schönberg
- Oceans Graduate School and UWA Oceans Institute, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
- Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, Western Australia
| | - Barbara Calcinai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Le Marche, Italia
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Mote S, Schönberg CHL, Samaai T, Gupta V, Ingole B. A new clionaid sponge infests live corals on the west coast of India (Porifera, Demospongiae, Clionaida). SYST BIODIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2018.1513430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambhaji Mote
- CSIR–National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India
| | - Christine H. L. Schönberg
- Oceans Graduate School and UWA Oceans Institute of The University of Western Australia, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, the University of Western Australia, Fairway Entrance 4, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, WA 6986, Australia
| | - Toufiek Samaai
- Department of Environmental Affairs, Oceans and Coasts Branch, Oceans and Coasts Research Chief Directorate, Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Directorate, Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, 8012, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Biology Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
- The Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Vishal Gupta
- CSIR–National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India
| | - Baban Ingole
- CSIR–National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, India
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Population structure and connectivity in the Mediterranean sponge Ircinia fasciculata are affected by mass mortalities and hybridization. Heredity (Edinb) 2016; 117:427-439. [PMID: 27599575 PMCID: PMC5117837 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent episodes of mass mortalities in the Mediterranean Sea have been reported for the closely related marine sponges Ircinia fasciculata and Ircinia variabilis that live in sympatry. In this context, the assessment of the genetic diversity, bottlenecks and connectivity of these sponges has become urgent in order to evaluate the potential effects of mass mortalities on their latitudinal range. Our study aims to establish (1) the genetic structure, connectivity and signs of bottlenecks across the populations of I. fasciculata and (2) the hybridization levels between I. fasciculata and I. variabilis. To accomplish the first objective, 194 individuals of I. fasciculata from 12 locations across the Mediterranean were genotyped at 14 microsatellite loci. For the second objective, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences of 16 individuals from both species were analyzed along with genotypes at 12 microsatellite loci of 40 individuals coexisting in 3 Mediterranean populations. We detected strong genetic structure along the Mediterranean for I. fasciculata, with high levels of inbreeding in all locations and bottleneck signs in most locations. Oceanographic barriers like the Almeria-Oran front, North-Balearic front and the Ligurian-Thyrrenian barrier seem to be impeding gene flow for I. fasciculata, adding population divergence to the pattern of isolation by distance derived from the low dispersal abilities of sponge larvae. Hybridization between both species occurred in some populations that might be increasing genetic diversity and somewhat palliating the genetic loss caused by population decimation in I. fasciculata.
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Andreakis N, Høj L, Kearns P, Hall MR, Ericson G, Cobb RE, Gordon BR, Evans-Illidge E. Diversity of Marine-Derived Fungal Cultures Exposed by DNA Barcodes: The Algorithm Matters. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136130. [PMID: 26308620 PMCID: PMC4550264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine fungi are an understudied group of eukaryotic microorganisms characterized by unresolved genealogies and unstable classification. Whereas DNA barcoding via the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) provides a robust and rapid tool for fungal species delineation, accurate classification of fungi is often arduous given the large number of partial or unknown barcodes and misidentified isolates deposited in public databases. This situation is perpetuated by a paucity of cultivable fungal strains available for phylogenetic research linked to these data sets. We analyze ITS barcodes produced from a subsample (290) of 1781 cultured isolates of marine-derived fungi in the Bioresources Library located at the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS). Our analysis revealed high levels of under-explored fungal diversity. The majority of isolates were ascomycetes including representatives of the subclasses Eurotiomycetidae, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetidae, Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetidae, Xylariomycetidae and Saccharomycetidae. The phylum Basidiomycota was represented by isolates affiliated with the genera Tritirachium and Tilletiopsis. BLAST searches revealed 26 unknown OTUs and 50 isolates corresponding to previously uncultured, unidentified fungal clones. This study makes a significant addition to the availability of barcoded, culturable marine-derived fungi for detailed future genomic and physiological studies. We also demonstrate the influence of commonly used alignment algorithms and genetic distance measures on the accuracy and comparability of estimating Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) by the automatic barcode gap finder (ABGD) method. Large scale biodiversity screening programs that combine datasets using algorithmic OTU delineation pipelines need to ensure compatible algorithms have been used because the algorithm matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Andreakis
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - Lone Høj
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - Philip Kearns
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - Michael R. Hall
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - Gavin Ericson
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - Rose E. Cobb
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - Benjamin R. Gordon
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
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Yasuda N, Taquet C, Nagai S, Fortes M, Fan TY, Harii S, Yoshida T, Sito Y, Nadaoka K. Genetic diversity, paraphyly and incomplete lineage sorting of mtDNA, ITS2 and microsatellite flanking region in closely related Heliopora species (Octocorallia). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 93:161-71. [PMID: 26231382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Examining genetic diversity and lineage sorting of different genes in closely related species provide useful information for phylogenetic analyses and ultimately for understanding the origins of biodiversity. In this study, we examined inter- and intraspecific genetic variation in internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), partial mitochondrial gene (mtMutS), and nuclear microsatellite flanking region in two closely related octocoral species (Heliopora coerulea, HC-A and HC-B). These species were recently identified in a population genetic study using microsatellite markers. The two species have different reproductive timing, which ecologically promotes lineage sorting. In this study, we examined whether species boundaries could be detected by the commonly used nuclear ITS2 and mtMutS, as well as by possibly neutral microsatellite flanking sequences. Haplotype network analysis of microsatellite flanking region revealed that a possible ancestral haplotype was still shared between the two species, indicating on-going lineage sorting. Haplotype network analysis of ITS2 and microsatellite flanking region revealed shared haplotypes between the two lineages. The two species shared fewer ITS2 sequences than microsatellite flanking region sequences. The almost fixed point mutation at the tip of helix 3 of ITS2 was not associated with the secondary structure or compensatory base changes (CBCs). The phylogenetic tree of ITS2 showed paraphyly and that of the microsatellite flanking region indicated that lineage sorting for the two species may be incomplete. Much higher intra- and inter-individual variation of ITS2 was observed in HC-B than that in HC-A, highlighting the importance of examining ITS2 from multiple individuals to estimate genetic diversity. The mitochondrial mtMutS gene sequences from 39 individuals, including both species collected from Japan and Taiwan, showed no variation because of slow rates of mitochondrial nucleotide substitution. This study suggests caution is warranted when reciprocal monophyly in a phylogenetic tree is used as the criterion for delimiting closely related octocoral species based on ITS2 or mtMtuS sequences. Detection of boundaries between closely related species requires multi-locus analysis, such as genetic admixture analysis using multiple individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Yasuda
- Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi-1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
| | - Coralie Taquet
- UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, Université de la Polynésie Française, B.P. 6570, 98702 FAA'A Aéroport, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Satoshi Nagai
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Aquatic Genomics Research Center, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-k, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan
| | - Miguel Fortes
- Marine Science Institute CS, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Tung-Yung Fan
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Saki Harii
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa 905-0227, Japan
| | - Terutoyo Yoshida
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi-1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yuta Sito
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi-1-1, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nadaoka
- Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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DeBiasse MB, Hellberg ME. Discordance between morphological and molecular species boundaries among Caribbean species of the reef sponge Callyspongia. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:663-75. [PMID: 25691989 PMCID: PMC4328770 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sponges are among the most species-rich and ecologically important taxa on coral reefs, yet documenting their diversity is difficult due to the simplicity and plasticity of their morphological characters. Genetic attempts to identify species are hampered by the slow rate of mitochondrial sequence evolution characteristic of sponges and some other basal metazoans. Here we determine species boundaries of the Caribbean coral reef sponge genus Callyspongia using a multilocus, model-based approach. Based on sequence data from one mitochondrial (COI), one ribosomal (28S), and two single-copy nuclear protein-coding genes, we found evolutionarily distinct lineages were not concordant with current species designations in Callyspongia. While C. fallax,C. tenerrima, and C. plicifera were reciprocally monophyletic, four taxa with different morphologies (C. armigera,C. longissima,C. eschrichtii, and C. vaginalis) formed a monophyletic group and genetic distances among these taxa overlapped distances within them. A model-based method of species delimitation supported collapsing these four into a single evolutionary lineage. Variation in spicule size among these four taxa was partitioned geographically, not by current species designations, indicating that in Callyspongia, these key taxonomic characters are poor indicators of genetic differentiation. Taken together, our results suggest a complex relationship between morphology and species boundaries in sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa B DeBiasse
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803
- Correspondence Melissa B DeBiasse, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803., Tel: 225 578 4284; Fax: 225 578 2597; E-mail:
| | - Michael E Hellberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803
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Weber AAT, Pawlowski J. Wide Occurrence of SSU rDNA Intragenomic Polymorphism in Foraminifera and its Implications for Molecular Species Identification. Protist 2014; 165:645-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abdul Wahab M, Fromont J, Whalan S, Webster N, Andreakis N. Combining morphometrics with molecular taxonomy: How different are similar foliose keratose sponges from the Australian tropics? Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 73:23-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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