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Menzel F, Kramp K, Amorim DDS, Gorab E, Uliana JVC, Sauaia H, Monesi N. Pseudolycoriella hygida (Sauaia and Alves)-An Overview of a Model Organism in Genetics, with New Aspects in Morphology and Systematics. INSECTS 2024; 15:118. [PMID: 38392537 PMCID: PMC10889529 DOI: 10.3390/insects15020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Pseudolycoriella hygida (Sauaia & Alves, 1968) is a sciarid that has been continuously cultured in the laboratory for nearly 60 years. Studies on this species have contributed to the understanding of DNA puffs, which are characteristic of Sciaridae, and to the knowledge of more general aspects of insect biology, including cell death, nucleolar organization, and the role of the hormone ecdysone during molting. The genome of Psl. hygida has now been sequenced, and it is the third publicly available sciarid genome. The aim of this work is to expand the current knowledge on Psl. hygida. The morphology of the adults is revisited. The morphology of larvae and pupae is described, together with the behavior of immature stages under laboratory conditions. Cytogenetic maps of the salivary gland polytene chromosomes are presented, together with a comparative analysis of the mitotic chromosomes of six different sciarid species. Pseudolycoriella hygida was originally described as a species of Bradysia and recently moved to Pseudolycoriella. We examine here the systematic position of Psl. hygida in the latter genus. Our results extend the characterization of an unconventional model organism and constitute an important resource for those working on the cytogenetics, ecology, taxonomy, and phylogenetic systematics of sciarids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Menzel
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut (SDEI), Eberswalder Straße 90, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Katja Kramp
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Dalton de Souza Amorim
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Gorab
- Independent Researcher, Rua Marcus Pereira 167/213, São Paulo 05642-020, SP, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Cardoso Uliana
- Programa de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Heni Sauaia
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Nadia Monesi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
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Baird RB, Mongue AJ, Ross L. Why put all your eggs in one basket? Evolutionary perspectives on the origins of monogenic reproduction. Heredity (Edinb) 2023:10.1038/s41437-023-00632-7. [PMID: 37328587 PMCID: PMC10382564 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-023-00632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual reproduction is ubiquitous in eukaryotes, but the mechanisms by which sex is determined are diverse and undergo rapid turnovers in short evolutionary timescales. Usually, an embryo's sex is fated at the moment of fertilisation, but in rare instances it is the maternal genotype that determines the offspring's sex. These systems are often characterised by mothers producing single-sex broods, a phenomenon known as monogeny. Monogenic reproduction is well documented in Hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps), where it is associated with a eusocial lifestyle. However, it is also known to occur in three families in Diptera (true flies): Sciaridae, Cecidomyiidae and Calliphoridae. Here we review current knowledge of monogenic reproduction in these dipteran clades. We discuss how this strange reproductive strategy might evolve, and we consider the potential contributions of inbreeding, sex ratio distorters, and polygenic control of the sex ratio. Finally, we provide suggestions on future work to elucidate the origins of this unusual reproductive strategy. We propose that studying these systems will contribute to our understanding of the evolution and turnover of sex determination systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Baird
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK.
| | - Andrew J Mongue
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Laura Ross
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK
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Kato M, Yamamori L, Imada Y, Sota T. Recent origin and diversification accompanied by repeated host shifts of thallus-mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on liverworts and hornworts. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222347. [PMID: 37282533 PMCID: PMC10244969 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the vast diversity of phytophagous insects that feed on vascular plants (tracheophytes), insects that feed on bryophytes remain understudied. Agromyzidae, one of the most species-rich phytophagous clades in Diptera, consists mainly of leaf-mining species that feed on tracheophytes. However, a recent discovery of thallus-mining species on liverworts and hornworts within the Liriomyza group of Phytomyzinae provides an opportunity to study host shifts between tracheophytes and bryophytes. This study aimed to explore the origin and diversification of thallus-miners and estimate the pattern and timing of host shifts. Phylogenetic analysis of Phytomyzinae has revealed that the thallus-mining agromyzids formed a separate clade, which was sister to a fern pinnule-miner. The diversification of bryophyte-associated agromyzids since the Oligocene involved multiple host shifts across various bryophyte taxa. The diversification of the thallus-mining Phytoliriomyza may have occurred at the same time as the leaf-mining agromyzid flies on herbaceous plants, indicating a dynamic history of interactions between bryophytes and herbivores in angiosperms-dominated ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kato
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Luna Yamamori
- Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, 459 Shirahama-cho, Nishimuro, Wakayama 649-2211, Japan
| | - Yume Imada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Teiji Sota
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Köhler A, Schmitt T. Northern Richness, Southern Dead End-Origin and Dispersal Events of Pseudolycoriella (Sciaridae, Diptera) between New Zealand's Main Islands. INSECTS 2023; 14:548. [PMID: 37367364 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Sciaridae (Diptera) is a widespread insect family of which some species can reach high abundances in arboreal habitats. This trait, together with their (passive) mobility, enables them to quickly colonise suitable habitats. To reveal the biogeographic history of the New Zealand members of the sciarid genus Pseudolycoriella, we analysed three molecular markers of selected species and populations in a Bayesian approach. At the intra- and interspecific levels, we detected a pattern of northern richness vs. southern purity, which has probably developed as a result of Pleistocene glacial cycles. Since the late Miocene, we identified 13 dispersal events across the sea strait separating New Zealand's main islands. As nine of these dispersal events were south-directed, North Island can be considered the centre of radiation for this genus. An unequivocal re-colonisation of North Island was only observed once. Based on the inclusion of three undescribed species from Tasmania and on previously published data, three colonisations of New Zealand are likely, all of them assumed to be of Australian origin. One of these most probably took place during the late Miocene, and the other two during the late Pliocene or at the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Köhler
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- Entomology and Biogeography, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Trinca V, Carli S, Uliana JVC, Garbelotti CV, Mendes da Silva M, Kunes V, Meleiro LP, Brancini GTP, Menzel F, Andrioli LPM, Torres TT, Ward RJ, Monesi N. Biocatalytic potential of Pseudolycoriella CAZymes (Sciaroidea, Diptera) in degrading plant and fungal cell wall polysaccharides. iScience 2023; 26:106449. [PMID: 37020966 PMCID: PMC10068558 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil biota has a crucial impact on soil ecology, global climate changes, and effective crop management and studying the diverse ecological roles of dipteran larvae deepens the understanding of soil food webs. A multi-omics study of Pseudolycoriella hygida comb. nov. (Diptera: Sciaroidea: Sciaridae) aimed to characterize carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) for litter degradation in this species. Manual curation of 17,881 predicted proteins in the Psl. hygida genome identified 137 secreted CAZymes, of which 33 are present in the saliva proteome, and broadly confirmed by saliva CAZyme catalytic profiling against plant cell wall polysaccharides and pNP-glycosyl substrates. Comparisons with two other sciarid species and the outgroup Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) identified 42 CAZyme families defining a sciarid CAZyme profile. The litter-degrading potential of sciarids corroborates their significant role as decomposers, yields insights to the evolution of insect feeding habits, and highlights the importance of insects as a source of biotechnologically relevant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Trinca
- Programa de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Sibeli Carli
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Cardoso Uliana
- Programa de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Victal Garbelotti
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Mariana Mendes da Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Vitor Kunes
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Luana Parras Meleiro
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Thomaz Pereira Brancini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Frank Menzel
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut (SDEI), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Luiz Paulo Moura Andrioli
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Teixeira Torres
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Richard John Ward
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
- Corresponding author
| | - Nadia Monesi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
- Corresponding author
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Hong TK, Lee SH, Shin JS, Jang KH, Na ES, Park CS, Kim CH, Kim JR, Balusamy SR, Perumalsamy H. Toxicological and molecular adverse effect of Illicium verum fruit constituents toward Bradysia procera. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1131-1139. [PMID: 36358028 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bradysia procera, a ginseng stem fungus gnat, is one of the most serious insect pests of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng), causing significant damage to plant growth. The goal of this study was to determine the toxicity and mechanism of action of phenylpropanoids (trans-anethole and estragole) isolated from the methanol extract and hydrodistillate of Illicium verum fruit against third-instar larvae and eggs of Bradysia procera. RESULTS The filter-paper mortality bioassay revealed that estragole [median lethal concentration (LC50 ) = 4.68 g/cm2 ] has a significant fumigant effect, followed by trans-anethole (LC50 = 43.92 g/cm2 ). However, estragole had the lowest toxic effect when compared to commercially available insecticides. After 7 days, estragole and trans-anethole at 75 g/cm2 inhibited egg hatchability up to 97% and 93%, respectively. At 0.09 g/cm2 , insecticides had an inhibitory effect on egg-hatching ability ranging from 88% to 94%. Furthermore, in both closed and open containers, these active constituents were able to consistently induce vapor-phased toxicity. Both estragole and trans-anethole have the ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is involved in neurotransmitter function. However, the active constituent estragole from I. verum fruit acted as a potent AChE inhibitor and had a slightly lower effect on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) than octopamine alone. CONCLUSION This finding suggests that estragole may influence Bradysia procera neurotransmitter function via both the AChE and octopaminergic receptors. More research is needed to demonstrate the potential applications of I. verum fruit-derived products as potential larvicides and ovicides for Bradysia procera population control. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyun Hong
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seop Shin
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hwa Jang
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of efficacy, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Shik Na
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chol-Soo Park
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Fundamental Technology, R&D Headquaters, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ran Kim
- Plant Qurantine Technology Center, Animal and Plant Qurantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | | | - Haribalan Perumalsamy
- Institute for Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Creative Convergence Education, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Vilkamaa P, Burdíková N, Ševčík J. The Genus Spinopygina gen. nov. (Diptera, Sciaridae) from Western North America: Preliminary Molecular Phylogeny and Description of Seven New Species. INSECTS 2023; 14:173. [PMID: 36835741 PMCID: PMC9961837 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The genus Spinopygina gen. nov. (type species Camptochaeta uniceps Hippa & Vilkamaa, 1994) from western North America is described. The genus includes the following eight species: Spinopygina acerfalx sp. nov.; S. aurifera sp. nov.; S. camura sp. nov.; S. edura sp. nov.; S. peltata sp. nov.; S. plena sp. nov.; S. quadracantha sp. nov.; and S. uniceps (Hippa & Vilkamaa, 1994) comb. nov., transferred from Corynoptera Winnertz. The new species are described and Spinopygina uniceps is re-diagnosed. The species are keyed and illustrated. In the maximum-likelihood phylogenetic hypothesis based on four gene fragments (28S, 18S, 16S and COI), Spinopygina gen. nov. appears as the sister group of Claustropyga Hippa, Vilkamaa & Mohrig, 2003. In the same analysis, a remarkable, undescribed species is placed within Camptochaeta Hippa & Vilkamaa clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Vilkamaa
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 17, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nikola Burdíková
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, CZ-710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ševčík
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, CZ-710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Silesian Museum, Nádražní Okruh 31, CZ-74601 Opava, Czech Republic
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Ouazzani NHE, Kettani K. Distribution of black fungus gnats (Diptera, Sciaridae) in Morocco, with an updated list of species and an emphasis on Moroccan crop pest species. BIOSYSTEMS DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.15421/012234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work deals with the spatial distribution of the sciarid species (black fungus gnats) recorded from Morocco throughout the major biogeographical regions: Rif, Eastern Morocco, Atlantic Plain, Middle Atlas, High Atlas, and Anti-Atlas, providing for the first time an atlas of the distribution of Moroccan sciarid fauna. The analysis of the species distribution showed differences between the regions, revealing that the High Atlas and the Rif hosted the greatest specific richness. Of the surveyed sites, forests, crop fields, and aquatic habitats seem to be the most favourable for supporting many sciarid species. Ecological preferences for each species are discussed, indicating a clear preference for medium altitudes ranging from 500 to 1000 m. Alongside the study on the distribution of species, a review of the species recorded in Morocco and gathered from the literature has enabled us to update the checklist of sciarid species, which comprises 65 so far in Morocco. Particular emphasis focused on black fungus gnats considered potentially harmful, with the aim of assessing their distribution in the country, has revealed that Bradysia transitata, B. trivittata, B. xenoreflexa, Lycoriella sativae, Scatopsciara subarmata were collected from strawberry greenhouses (Rosaceae: strawberries), Bradysia placida, B. santorina, B. scabricornis, B. tilicola, B. trivittata and Camptochaeta jeskei were collected from fruit trees (Rosaceae: almond trees), Bradysia santorina, Corynoptera saccata and C. semipedestris were found on palms (Arecaceae: date palms), Scatopsciara atomaria and S. curvilinea were captured in crop fields (Poaceae, Fabaceae), Bradysia scabricornis, Bradysiopsis vittata were collected from Liliaceae, Scatopsciara atomaria was also found on Asteraceae and Solanaceae, and Corynoptera praeparvula was exclusively reported from Solanaceae.
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Trinca V, Uliana JVC, Ribeiro GKS, Torres TT, Monesi N. Characterization of the mitochondrial genomes of Bradysia hygida, Phytosciara flavipes and Trichosia splendens (Diptera: Sciaridae) and novel insights on the control region of sciarid mitogenomes. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:482-496. [PMID: 35332955 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sciarids, also called "fungus gnats" are small, almost entirely dark-coloured insects. Sciarid larvae feed on different substrates and can infest agricultural crops and mushroom nurseries, causing economic losses. Of the 2174 Diptera mitogenome sequences currently available in GenBank, only eight are from the Sciaridae family, none of which are complete circular molecules. Here we describe the mitogenome sequences of three sciarid species: Phytosciara flavipes, Trichosia splendens and Bradysia hygida and provide novel insights on the control region of sciarid mitogenomes. The assembled mitogenomes range from 16,062 bp in P. flavipes to 17,095 bp in B. hygida. All 13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs characteristic of insect mitogenomes were identified, but the sequence of the control region could not be determined. Experimental results suggest that the B. hygida control region is about 21 kb long resulting in a 37 kb long mitogenome which constitutes the largest insect mitochondrial genome described so far. Phylogenetic analysis using all Bibionomorpha mitogenome sequences available in GenBank strongly supports the Sciaridae monophyly and led to the identification of species and subfamily specific gene rearrangements. Our study extends the knowledge of this large and diverse insect family that includes agricultural pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Trinca
- Programa de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Cardoso Uliana
- Programa de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Geyza Katrinny Sousa Ribeiro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Teixeira Torres
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadia Monesi
- Programa de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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10
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Wang Y, Liu C, Wang Q, Wu H, Huang J. The complete mitochondrial genome of Bradysia impatiens (Diptera: Sciaridae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2022; 7:1140-1142. [PMID: 35756443 PMCID: PMC9225757 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2022.2080594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficient Preparation of Biopesticide, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficient Preparation of Biopesticide, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficient Preparation of Biopesticide, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Wu
- National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficient Preparation of Biopesticide, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhao Huang
- National Joint Local Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficient Preparation of Biopesticide, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Chromosome End Diversification in Sciarid Flies. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112425. [PMID: 33167604 PMCID: PMC7694509 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dipterans exhibit a remarkable diversity of chromosome end structures in contrast to the conserved system defined by telomerase and short repeats. Within dipteran families, structure of chromosome termini is usually conserved within genera. With the aim to assess whether or not the evolutionary distance between genera implies chromosome end diversification, this report exploits two representatives of Sciaridae, Rhynchosciara americana, and Trichomegalosphyspubescens. Methods: Probes and plasmid microlibraries obtained by chromosome end microdissection, in situ hybridization, cloning, and sequencing are among the methodological approaches employed in this work. Results: The data argue for the existence of either specific terminal DNA sequences for each chromosome tip in T. pubescens, or sequences common to all chromosome ends but their extension does not allow detection by in situ hybridization. Both sciarid species share terminal sequences that are significantly underrepresented in chromosome ends of T. pubescens. Conclusions: The data suggest an unusual terminal structure in T. pubescens chromosomes compared to other dipterans investigated. A putative, evolutionary process of repetitive DNA expansion that acted differentially to shape chromosome ends of the two flies is also discussed.
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Amorim DDS, Greenwalt DE. Cretaceous and Eocene fossils of the rare extant genus Synneuron Lundstrom (Diptera: Canthyloscledidae): evidence of a true Pangean clade. Cladistics 2020; 36:413-423. [PMID: 34618966 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The first two fossil species of the canthyloscelid genus Synneuron are described based on compression wings. Synneuron eomontana sp. nov. is described from the Middle Eocene Coal Creek Member of the Kishenehn Formation, in the USA, and Synneuron jelli sp. nov. is described from the Lower Cretaceous Koonwarra Fossil Bed of the Korumburra Group, in Australia. The wings are illustrated and compared to the extant species of the genus, to species of the three other recent genera of Canthyloscelidae and to an anisopodid. A phylogenetic analysis of the relationships between the species of Synneuron was performed. The Eocene fossil S. eomontana appears as sister of the pair of recent Holarctic species of the genus, while the Australian Cretaceous species S. jelli is sister of the clade with the species of Synneuron of the northern hemisphere. The sister group of Synneuron is the canthyloscelid clade (Hyperoscelis + Canthyloscelis), for which a middle Jurassic fossil is known. At the early Cretaceous, Gondwana was already separated from Laurasia and the disjunction between the species of Synneuron in Australia and the northern hemisphere clade of the genus suggest a true pangeic origin for the genus. The biology of the canthyloscelid larvae is shaped by its trophic specialization-xylosaprophagous. This suggests that the transition from the Pangean Jurassic gymnosperm-dominated forests to the late Cretaceous angiosperm-dominated forests may be related to the low recent diversity of Synneuron or of the canthyloscelids in the world-and maybe to the extinction of the genus in the southern hemisphere. This major turnover of the vegetation type along the Cretaceous may be also somehow related to the complete extinction of other groups of flies strictly associated with gymnosperms, as may be the case of the lower brachyceran family Zhangsolvidae. This speculation needs additional corroboration from other groups, that will become available with the combination of systematics, paleontology and biogeographical information of different early Cretaceous clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton de Souza Amorim
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Dale E Greenwalt
- Department of Paleobiology, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012 MRC 121, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA
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13
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Five mitochondrial genomes of black fungus gnats (Sciaridae) and their phylogenetic implications. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:200-205. [PMID: 32004603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sciaridae is a family of great species diversity, distributed worldwide, that includes important agricultural pests of cultivated mushrooms and plants produced in greenhouses. Here we sequenced five nearly complete mitochondrial genomes representing three subfamilies of Sciaridae. The lengths of these mitogenomes range from 13,849 bp to 16,923 bp with 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 20-22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and a control region (CR). Compared with other dipteran species, rearrangements in Sciaridae are more common. Inversion or transition is observed frequently of trnL2, and in the tRNA clusters trnI-trnQ-trnM, trnW-trnC-trnY, and trnA-trnR-trnN-trnS1-trnE-trnF. Phylogenetic relationships within the family were reconstructed based on these newly sequenced species, combined with the published mitogenomes of related families, and recovered the topology within Sciaroidea as Cecidomyiidae + (Sciaridae + Keroplatidae). Relationships recovered within Sciaridae were Sciarinae + ('Pseudolycoriella group' + Megalosphyinae).
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Uliana JVC, Brancini GTP, Hombría JCG, Digiampietri LA, Andrioli LP, Monesi N. Characterizing the embryonic development of B. hygida (Diptera: Sciaridae) following enzymatic treatment to permeabilize the serosal cuticle. Mech Dev 2018; 154:270-276. [PMID: 30081091 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the evolution of the developmental programs active during dipteran embryogenesis depends on comparative studies. As a counterpoint to the intensively investigated and highly derived cyclorrhaphan flies that include the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, we are studying the basal Diptera Bradysia hygida, a member of the Sciaridae family that is amenable to laboratory cultivation. Here we describe the B. hygida embryogenesis, which lasts 9 days at 22 °C. The use of standard fixation D. melanogaster protocols resulted in embryos refractory to DAPI staining and to overcome this, a new enzyme-based method was developed. Calcofluor-White staining of enzimatically-treated embryos revealed that this method removes chitin from the serosal cuticle surrounding the B. hygida embryo. Chitin is one of the main components of serosal cuticles and searches in a B. hygida embryonic transcriptome database revealed conservation of the chitin synthesis pathway, further supporting the occurrence of chitin biosynthesis in B. hygida embryos. Combining the enzymatic treatment protocol with the use of both DIC and fluorescence microscopy allowed the first complete description of the B. hygida embryogenesis. Our results constitute an important step towards the understanding of early development of a basal Diptera and pave the way for future evo-devo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vitor Cardoso Uliana
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, sem número, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Thomaz Pereira Brancini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, sem número, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Luciano Antonio Digiampietri
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, R. Arlindo Béttio 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, 03828-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Paulo Andrioli
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, R. Arlindo Béttio 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, 03828-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nadia Monesi
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, sem número, Monte Alegre, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Molecular phylogeny of Macrosiphini (Hemiptera: Aphididae): An evolutionary hypothesis for the Pterocomma-group habitat adaptation. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 121:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Ševčík J, Kaspřák D, Mantič M, Fitzgerald S, Ševčíková T, Tóthová A, Jaschhof M. Molecular phylogeny of the megadiverse insect infraorder Bibionomorpha sensu lato (Diptera). PeerJ 2016; 4:e2563. [PMID: 27781163 PMCID: PMC5075709 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogeny of the insect infraorder Bibionomorpha (Diptera) is reconstructed based on the combined analysis of three nuclear (18S, 28S, CAD) and three mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI) gene markers. All the analyses strongly support the monophyly of Bibionomorpha in both the narrow (sensu stricto) and the broader (sensu lato) concepts. The major lineages of Bibionomorpha sensu lato (Sciaroidea, Bibionoidea, Anisopodoidea, and Scatopsoidea) and most of the included families are supported as monophyletic groups. Axymyiidae was not found to be part of Bibionomorpha nor was it found to be its sister group. Bibionidae was paraphyletic with respect to Hesperinidae and Keroplatidae was paraphyletic with respect to Lygistorrhinidae. The included Sciaroidea incertae sedis (except Ohakunea Edwards) were found to belong to one clade, but the relationships within this group and its position within Sciaroidea require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ševčík
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - David Kaspřák
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Mantič
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Scott Fitzgerald
- Pacific Northwest Diptera Research Lab, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Tereza Ševčíková
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Tóthová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Developmental ecdysteroid titers and DNA puffs in larvae of two sciarid species, Rhynchosciara americana and Rhynchosciara milleri (Diptera: Sciaridae). Genetica 2015; 143:597-612. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-015-9859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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18
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Oliveira SS, Albertoni FF, Borkent CJ, Amorim DS. First record of Neoempheria Osten Sacken (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) biology in the Neotropical region, with associations between its larvae and fungi. Biodivers Data J 2015:e5073. [PMID: 26175610 PMCID: PMC4493349 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.3.e5073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Members of the family Mycetophilidae (Diptera) have life cycles that are typically associated with fungus. Their biology is relatively well known in the Palaearctic, though other regions are poorly known, and there are no associations recorded between mycetophilid immatures and fungi in the Neotropical region. Here we report the first association between a mycetophilid—Neoempheriapuncticoxa Edwards—and fungi in this region. Immatures of N.puncticoxa were collected on fungi and some were reared in the laboratory until adult emergence. The immature stages and adult of N.puncticoxa are described and re-described respectively, and high resolution images and illustrations of the habitus, wings, thorax, male and female terminalia, immatures, and in situ specimens are given. New information We report the first association between Mycetophilidae and fungi in the Neotropical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Siqueira Oliveira
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
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Deady R, Heller K, Work T, Venier L. Peyerimhoffiajaschhoforum (Diptera, Sciaridae), a new deadwood inhabiting species from Canada. Biodivers Data J 2014:e4200. [PMID: 25425943 PMCID: PMC4238070 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.2.e4200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of black fungus gnat from Canada, Peyerimhoffiajaschhoforumsp. n., is presented with a description, illustrations, biotope information and a brief discussion of the placement and concept of the genus Peyerimhoffia. P.jaschhoforum is characterized by a unique gonostylar structure where the apex is hollowed but not enclosed and contains a mass of mega setae housed within. P.jaschhoforum was reared from decomposing jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) deadwood using both in-situ and ex-situ photoeclectors. We documented three additional specimens originating from Fennoscandia that resemble P.jaschhoforum but differ based on a broader tegmen, placement of setigerous papillae behind the tegmen and the fused intercoxal area. Based on this, these specimens are assigned to a new subspecies, Peyerimhoffiajaschhoforumfennoscandicassp. n.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Deady
- Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM), Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Timothy Work
- Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Lisa Venier
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, Canada
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Vilkamaa P. Checklist of the family Sciaridae (Diptera) of Finland. Zookeys 2014:151-64. [PMID: 25337014 PMCID: PMC4200454 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.441.7381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A checklist of the family Sciaridae (Diptera) recorded from Finland is provided. The genus Sciarosoma Chandler with a disputed family placement is also included in the list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Vilkamaa
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, P.O. Box 17, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Ševčík J, Kaspřák D, Mantič M, Ševčíková T, Tóthová A. Molecular phylogeny of the fungus gnat family Diadocidiidae and its position within the infraorder Bibionomorpha (Diptera). ZOOL SCR 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ševčík
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Science; University of Ostrava; Chittussiho 10 Ostrava CZ-710 00 Czech Republic
- Silesian Museum; Tyršova 1 Opava CZ-746 01 Czech Republic
| | - David Kaspřák
- Life Science Research Centre; Faculty of Science; University of Ostrava; Chittussiho 10 Ostrava CZ-710 00 Czech Republic
| | - Michal Mantič
- Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Science; University of Ostrava; Chittussiho 10 Ostrava CZ-710 00 Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Ševčíková
- Life Science Research Centre & Institute of Environmental Technologies; Faculty of Science; University of Ostrava; Chittussiho 10 Ostrava CZ-710 00 Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Tóthová
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Kotlářská 2 Brno CZ-611 37 Czech Republic
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Huang J, Shi K, Zhang SJ, Wu H. Taxonomy of the genus Peyerimhoffia Kieffer from Mainland China, with a description of seven new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zookeys 2014:67-83. [PMID: 24624020 PMCID: PMC3950422 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.382.4948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomy of the genus Peyerimhoffia Kieffer in China was studied. Eight species were recognized, including seven new species that are herein described and illustrated: P. hamatasp. n., P. obesasp. n., P. sparsulasp. n., P. longiprojectasp. n., P. brachypoduasp. n., P. yunnanasp. n., and P. shennongjianasp. n. In addition, P. vagabunda (Winnertz, 1867) is reported for the first time from China. A key to these Chinese species is provided.
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