1
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Phylogenomic data resolve the historical biogeography and ecomorphs of Neotropical forest lizards (Squamata, Diploglossidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 175:107577. [PMID: 35835424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have been conducted on the biogeography and phylogenetic relationships of Neotropical forest lizards (Diploglossidae) because of incomplete taxon sampling, conflicting datasets, and low statistical support at phylogenetic nodes. Here, we enhance a recent nine-gene dataset with a genomic dataset of 3,232 loci and 642,775 aligned base pairs. The resulting phylogeny includes 30 diploglossid species, 10 of the 11 genera, and the three subfamilies. It shows significant support for all supra-specific taxa in either maximum likelihood or Bayesian analyses or both. With this well-supported phylogeny, we further investigate the historical biogeography of the group and how diploglossids reached the Caribbean islands. Our analyses indicate that Antillean diploglossid lizards originated from at least two overwater dispersals from South America. Our tests for the strength of convergent evolution between morphologically similar taxa support the recognition of a soil and a tree ecomorph. In addition, we propose grass, ground, rock, and swamp ecomorphs for species in this family based on ecological and morphological data and analyses.
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2
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Reynolds RG, Miller AH, Pasachnik SA, Knapp CR, Welch ME, Colosimo G, Gerber GP, Drawert B, Iverson JB. Phylogenomics and historical biogeography of West Indian Rock Iguanas (genus Cyclura). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 174:107548. [PMID: 35690377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The genus Cyclura includes nine extant species and six subspecies of West Indian Rock Iguanas and is one of the most imperiled genera of squamate reptiles globally. An understanding of species diversity, evolutionary relationships, diversification, and historical biogeography in this group is crucial for implementing sound long-term conservation strategies. We collected DNA samples from 1 to 10 individuals per taxon from all Cyclura taxa (n = 70 ingroup individuals), focusing where possible on incorporating individuals from different populations of each species. We also collected 1-2 individuals from each of seven outgroup species of iguanas (Iguana delicatissima; five Ctenosaura species) and Anolis sagrei (n = 12 total outgroup individuals). We used targeted genomic sequence capture to isolate and to sequence 1,872 loci comprising of 687,308 base pairs (bp) from each of the 82 individuals from across the nuclear genome. We extracted mitochondrial reads and assembled and annotated mitogenomes for all Cyclura taxa plus outgroup species. We present well-supported phylogenomic gene tree/species tree analyses for all extant species of Cyclura using ASTRAL-III, SVDQuartets, and StarBEAST2 methods, and discuss the taxonomic, biogeographic, and conservation implications of these data. We find a most recent common ancestor of the genus 9.91 million years ago. The earliest divergence within Cyclura separates C. pinguis from a clade comprising all other Cyclura. Within the latter group, a clade comprising C. carinata from the southern Lucayan Islands and C. ricordii from Hispaniola is the sister taxon to a clade comprising the other Cyclura. Among the other Cyclura, the species C. cornuta and C. stejnegeri (from Hispaniola and Isla Mona) form the sister taxon to a clade of species from Jamaica (C. collei), Cuba and Cayman Islands (C. nubila and C. lewisi), and the eastern (C. rileyi) and western (C. cychlura) Lucayan Islands. Cyclura cychlura and C. rileyi form a clade whose sister taxa are C. nubila and C. lewisi. Cyclura collei is the sister taxon to these four species combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Graham Reynolds
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804, USA.
| | - Aryeh H Miller
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804, USA; Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | - Charles R Knapp
- Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research, John G. Shedd Aquarium, 1200 S. Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Mark E Welch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762
| | - Giuliano Colosimo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Latium 00133, Italy
| | - Glenn P Gerber
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA 92027, USA
| | - Brian Drawert
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina Asheville, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804, USA
| | - John B Iverson
- Dept. of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN 47374, USA
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3
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Characterization of Color Pattern Dimorphism in Turks and Caicos Boas, Chilabothrus chrysogaster chrysogaster, on Big Ambergris Cay, Turks and Caicos Islands. J HERPETOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1670/18-051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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4
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Aungst ER, Puente-Rolón AR, Reynolds RG. Genetic diversity in the US ex situ populations of the endangered Puerto Rican Boa, Chilabothrus inornatus. Zoo Biol 2020; 39:205-213. [PMID: 32056297 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Puerto Rican Boa (Chilabothrus inornatus) was placed on the US Endangered Species List in 1970. Progress has been made since to clarify the recovery status of this species, though the design of a new recovery plan must include information regarding genetic variation within and among populations of this species. While measures of genetic diversity in wild populations of this species are finally becoming available, relative genetic diversity represented in ex situ populations is unknown, which hampers efforts to develop an ex situ species management plan. Here, we provide an analysis of genetic diversity in US public and private collections (zoos and breeders) using mitochondrial sequence data and five highly polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci. We analyzed 50 boas from the US ex situ population and determined overall genetic diversity and relatedness among these individuals. We then compared these data to mitochondrial and microsatellite data obtained from 176 individuals from wild populations across the native range of the species. We found little inbreeding and a large amount of retained genetic diversity in the US ex situ population of C. inornatus relative to wild populations. Genetic diversity in the ex situ population is similar to that found in wild populations. Ours is only the second explicit attempt to characterize genetic diversity at the molecular level in ex situ populations of boid snakes. We anticipate that these results will inform current breeding strategies as well as offer additional information that will facilitate the continuation of ex situ conservation breeding or management in boas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Aungst
- Department of Biology, 1 University Heights, Asheville, North Carolina
| | | | - R Graham Reynolds
- Department of Biology, 1 University Heights, Asheville, North Carolina
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5
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Newman BC, Henke SE, Wester DB, Shedd TM, Perotto-Baldivieso HL, Rudolph DC. Determining the Suitability of the Jamaican Boa (Chilabothrus subflavus) for Short-Distance Translocation in Cockpit Country, Jamaica. CARIBB J SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.18475/cjos.v49i2.a11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brent C. Newman
- Department of Animal, Rangeland, and Wildlife Sciences, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 228, Kingsville, Texas 78363-8202
| | - Scott E. Henke
- Department of Animal, Rangeland, and Wildlife Sciences, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 228, Kingsville, Texas 78363-8202
| | - David B. Wester
- Department of Animal, Rangeland, and Wildlife Sciences, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 228, Kingsville, Texas 78363-8202
| | - Taylor M. Shedd
- Department of Animal, Rangeland, and Wildlife Sciences, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 228, Kingsville, Texas 78363-8202
| | - Humberto L. Perotto-Baldivieso
- Department of Animal, Rangeland, and Wildlife Sciences, Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 228, Kingsville, Texas 78363-8202
| | - D. Craig Rudolph
- USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, 506 Hayter Street, Nacogdoches, Texas 75965
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Mechanisms of allopatric speciation in an Antillean damselfly genus (Odonata, Zygoptera): Vicariance or long-distance dispersal? Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 137:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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7
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Recent diversification in an ancient lineage of Notothenioid fishes (Bovichtus: Notothenioidei). Polar Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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8
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Čandek K, Agnarsson I, Binford GJ, Kuntner M. Biogeography of the Caribbean Cyrtognatha spiders. Sci Rep 2019; 9:397. [PMID: 30674906 PMCID: PMC6344596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Island systems provide excellent arenas to test evolutionary hypotheses pertaining to gene flow and diversification of dispersal-limited organisms. Here we focus on an orbweaver spider genus Cyrtognatha (Tetragnathidae) from the Caribbean, with the aims to reconstruct its evolutionary history, examine its biogeographic history in the archipelago, and to estimate the timing and route of Caribbean colonization. Specifically, we test if Cyrtognatha biogeographic history is consistent with an ancient vicariant scenario (the GAARlandia landbridge hypothesis) or overwater dispersal. We reconstructed a species level phylogeny based on one mitochondrial (COI) and one nuclear (28S) marker. We then used this topology to constrain a time-calibrated mtDNA phylogeny, for subsequent biogeographical analyses in BioGeoBEARS of over 100 originally sampled Cyrtognatha individuals, using models with and without a founder event parameter. Our results suggest a radiation of Caribbean Cyrtognatha, containing 11 to 14 species that are exclusively single island endemics. Although biogeographic reconstructions cannot refute a vicariant origin of the Caribbean clade, possibly an artifact of sparse outgroup availability, they indicate timing of colonization that is much too recent for GAARlandia to have played a role. Instead, an overwater colonization to the Caribbean in mid-Miocene better explains the data. From Hispaniola, Cyrtognatha subsequently dispersed to, and diversified on, the other islands of the Greater, and Lesser Antilles. Within the constraints of our island system and data, a model that omits the founder event parameter from biogeographic analysis is less suitable than the equivalent model with a founder event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemen Čandek
- Evolutionary Zoology Laboratory, Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Evolutionary Zoology Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of the Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ingi Agnarsson
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Greta J Binford
- Department of Biology, Lewis and Clark College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Matjaž Kuntner
- Evolutionary Zoology Laboratory, Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., USA
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Evolutionary Zoology Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of the Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Morgan GS, Albury NA, Rímoli R, Lehman P, Rosenberger AL, Cooke SB. The Cuban Crocodile (Crocodylus rhombifer) from Late Quaternary Underwater Cave Deposits in the Dominican Republic. AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1206/3916.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary S. Morgan
- Vertebrate Paleontology, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nancy A. Albury
- National Museum of the Bahamas/Antiquities, Monuments & Museums Corporation, Marsh Harbour, Abaco, The Bahamas
| | - Renato Rímoli
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Ciudad Universitaria, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, and Museo del Hombre Dominicano, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Phillip Lehman
- Dominican Republic Speleological Society, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Alfred L. Rosenberger
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Brooklyn College, and the Graduate Center, the City University of New York, New York; and New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York
| | - Siobhán B. Cooke
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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10
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Boas of the World (Superfamily Booidae): A Checklist With Systematic, Taxonomic, and Conservation Assessments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3099/mcz48.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Systematic revision of the early Miocene fossil Pseudoepicrates (Serpentes: Boidae): implications for the evolution and historical biogeography of the West Indian boid snakes (Chilabothrus). Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Tucker DB, Hedges SB, Colli GR, Pyron RA, Sites JW. Genomic timetree and historical biogeography of Caribbean island ameiva lizards ( Pholidoscelis: Teiidae). Ecol Evol 2017; 7:7080-7090. [PMID: 28904785 PMCID: PMC5587475 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of Caribbean island ameivas (Pholidoscelis) are not well-known because of incomplete sampling, conflicting datasets, and poor support for many clades. Here, we use phylogenomic and mitochondrial DNA datasets to reconstruct a well-supported phylogeny and assess historical colonization patterns in the group. We obtained sequence data from 316 nuclear loci and one mitochondrial marker for 16 of 19 extant species of the Caribbean endemic genus Pholidoscelis. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out using both concatenation and species tree approaches. To estimate divergence times, we used fossil teiids to calibrate a timetree which was used to elucidate the historical biogeography of these lizards. All phylogenetic analyses recovered four well-supported species groups (clades) recognized previously and supported novel relationships of those groups, including a (P. auberi + P. lineolatus) clade (western + central Caribbean), and a (P. exsul + P. plei) clade (eastern Caribbean). Divergence between Pholidoscelis and its sister clade was estimated to have occurred ~25 Ma, with subsequent diversification on Caribbean islands occurring over the last 11 Myr. Of the six models compared in the biogeographic analyses, the scenario which considered the distance among islands and allowed dispersal in all directions best fit the data. These reconstructions suggest that the ancestor of this group colonized either Hispaniola or Puerto Rico from Middle America. We provide a well-supported phylogeny of Pholidoscelis with novel relationships not reported in previous studies that were based on significantly smaller datasets. We propose that Pholidoscelis colonized the eastern Greater Antilles from Middle America based on our biogeographic analysis, phylogeny, and divergence time estimates. The closing of the Central American Seaway and subsequent formation of the modern Atlantic meridional overturning circulation may have promoted dispersal in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek B. Tucker
- Biology DepartmentUniversity of West FloridaPensacolaFLUSA
- Department of Biology LSB 4102Brigham Young UniversityProvoUTUSA
| | | | - Guarino R. Colli
- Departamento de ZoologiaUniversidade de BrasíliaBrasíliaDFBrazil
| | | | - Jack W. Sites
- Department of Biology LSB 4102Brigham Young UniversityProvoUTUSA
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13
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Newman BC, Henke SE, Koenig SE, Powell RL. Distribution and General Habitat Use Analysis of the Jamaican Boa (Chilabothrus subflavus). SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-16-00031.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brent C. Newman
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Texas A&M University-Kingsville. Kingsville, Texas 78363-8202, USA
| | - Scott E. Henke
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Texas A&M University-Kingsville. Kingsville, Texas 78363-8202, USA
| | - Susan E. Koenig
- Windsor Research Centre, Sherwood Content P.O., Trelawny, Jamaica, West Indies
| | - Randy L. Powell
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Texas A&M University-Kingsville. Kingsville, Texas 78363-8202, USA
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Cryptic species diversity in sub-Antarctic islands: A case study of Lepidonotothen. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 104:32-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Reynolds RG, Collar DC, Pasachnik SA, Niemiller ML, Puente‐Rolón AR, Revell LJ. Ecological specialization and morphological diversification in Greater Antillean boas. Evolution 2016; 70:1882-95. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Graham Reynolds
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138
- Current Address: University of North Carolina Asheville Department of Biology, One University Heights Asheville North Carolina 28804
| | - David C. Collar
- Department of Organismal and Environmental Biology Christopher Newport University Newport News Virginia 23606
| | - Stesha A. Pasachnik
- Institute for Conservation Research San Diego Zoo Escondido California 92027
| | - Matthew L. Niemiller
- Illinois Natural History Survey Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois 61820
| | - Alberto R. Puente‐Rolón
- Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Arecibo Arecibo Puerto Rico 00614
| | - Liam J. Revell
- Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts 02125
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Sex allocation and secondary sex ratio in Cuban boa (Chilabothrus angulifer): mother's body size affects the ratio between sons and daughters. Naturwissenschaften 2016; 103:48. [PMID: 27216175 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-016-1369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Secondary sex ratios of animals with genetically determined sex may considerably deviate from equality. These deviations may be attributed to several proximate and ultimate factors. Sex ratio theory explains some of them as strategic decisions of mothers improving their fitness by selective investment in sons or daughters, e.g. local resource competition hypothesis (LRC) suggests that philopatric females tend to produce litters with male-biased sex ratios to avoid future competition with their daughters. Until now, only little attention has been paid to examine predictions of sex ratio theory in snakes possessing genetic sex determination and exhibiting large variance in allocation of maternal investment. Cuban boa is an endemic viviparous snake producing large-bodied newborns (∼200 g). Extremely high maternal investment in each offspring increases importance of sex allocation. In a captive colony, we collected breeding records of 42 mothers, 62 litters and 306 newborns and examined secondary sex ratios (SR) and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) of newborns. None of the examined morphometric traits of neonates appeared sexually dimorphic. The sex ratio was slightly male biased (174 males versus 132 females) and litter sex ratio significantly decreased with female snout-vent length. We interpret this relationship as an additional support for LRC as competition between mothers and daughters increases with similarity of body sizes between competing snakes.
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Papadopoulou A, Knowles LL. Genomic tests of the species-pump hypothesis: Recent island connectivity cycles drive population divergence but not speciation in Caribbean crickets across the Virgin Islands. Evolution 2015; 69:1501-1517. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Papadopoulou
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Museum of Zoology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - L. Lacey Knowles
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Museum of Zoology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
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Rodríguez-Robles JA, Jezkova T, Fujita MK, Tolson PJ, García MA. Genetic divergence and diversity in the Mona and Virgin Islands Boas, Chilabothrus monensis (Epicrates monensis) (Serpentes: Boidae), West Indian snakes of special conservation concern. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 88:144-53. [PMID: 25837733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation reduces the extent and connectivity of suitable habitats, and can lead to changes in population genetic structure. Limited gene flow among isolated demes can result in increased genetic divergence among populations, and decreased genetic diversity within demes. We assessed patterns of genetic variation in the Caribbean boa Chilabothrus monensis (Epicrates monensis) using two mitochondrial and seven nuclear markers, and relying on the largest number of specimens of these snakes examined to date. Two disjunct subspecies of C. monensis are recognized: the threatened C. m. monensis, endemic to Mona Island, and the rare and endangered C. m. granti, which occurs on various islands of the Puerto Rican Bank. Mitochondrial and nuclear markers revealed unambiguous genetic differences between the taxa, and coalescent species delimitation methods indicated that these snakes likely are different evolutionary lineages, which we recognize at the species level, C. monensis and C. granti. All examined loci in C. monensis (sensu stricto) are monomorphic, which may indicate a recent bottleneck event. Each population of C. granti exclusively contains private mtDNA haplotypes, but five of the seven nuclear genes assayed are monomorphic, and nucleotide diversity is low in the two remaining markers. The faster pace of evolution of mtDNA possibly reflects the present-day isolation of populations of C. granti, whereas the slower substitution rate of nuDNA may instead mirror the relatively recent episodes of connectivity among the populations facilitated by the lower sea level during the Pleistocene. The small degree of overall genetic variation in C. granti suggests that demes of this snake could be managed as a single unit, a practice that would significantly increase their effective population size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Rodríguez-Robles
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, USA.
| | - Tereza Jezkova
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, USA.
| | - Matthew K Fujita
- Department Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, 501 S. Nedderman Drive, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
| | - Peter J Tolson
- Department of Conservation and Research, The Toledo Zoo, P.O. Box 140130, Toledo, OH 43614-0130, USA.
| | - Miguel A García
- Bureau of Fisheries and Wildlife, Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, P.O. Box 366147, San Juan, PR 00936-6147, USA; Center for Applied Tropical Ecology and Conservation, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23341, Río Piedras, PR 00931-3341, USA.
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Book Reviews. COPEIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1643/ot-14-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Reynolds RG, Puente-Rolón AR, Platenberg R, Tyler RK, Tolson PJ, Revell LJ. Large divergence and low diversity suggest genetically informed conservation strategies for the endangered Virgin Islands Boa (Chilabothrus monensis). Glob Ecol Conserv 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Graham Reynolds R, Niemiller ML, Revell LJ. Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: Multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 71:201-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Keck BP, Hulsey CD. Continental monophyly of cichlid fishes and the phylogenetic position of Heterochromis multidens. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 73:53-9. [PMID: 24472673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The incredibly species-rich cichlid fish faunas of both the Neotropics and Africa are generally thought to be reciprocally monophyletic. However, the phylogenetic affinity of the African cichlid Heterochromis multidens is ambiguous, and this distinct lineage could make African cichlids paraphyletic. In past studies, Heterochromis has been variously suggested to be one of the earliest diverging lineages within either the Neotropical or the African cichlid radiations, and it has even been hypothesized to be the sister lineage to a clade containing all Neotropical and African cichlids. We examined the phylogenetic relationships among a representative sample of cichlids with a dataset of 29 nuclear loci to assess the support for the different hypotheses of the phylogenetic position of Heterochromis. Although individual gene trees in some instances supported alternative relationships, a majority of gene trees, integration of genes into species trees, and hypothesis testing of putative topologies all supported Heterochromis as belonging to the clade of African cichlids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Keck
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - C Darrin Hulsey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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