1
|
Grohar MC, Medic A, Ivancic T, Veberic R, Jogan J. Color Variation and Secondary Metabolites' Footprint in a Taxonomic Complex of Phyteuma sp. (Campanulaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2894. [PMID: 36365351 PMCID: PMC9658285 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the genus Phyteuma, the taxonomic delimitation of some species is difficult since a high variability of morphological traits, such as flower color, is present, probably due to high levels of hybridization. Historic descriptions and the morphological traits used in the taxonomic keys are sometimes unclear and lead to misinterpretations. Here, a detailed analysis of flower color variability in different populations of sympatric P. spicatum, P. ovatum, and P. persicifolium constitutes a new approach to clarifying the taxonomic statuses. The numeric analysis of color, providing colorimetric variables, together with the detailed description of the metabolic profiles of populations with different flower colors, constitute a unique chemical fingerprint that identifies species and subspecies with clear markers. This study is the most complete metabolic research on genus Phyteuma, since we identified and quantified 44 phenolic compounds using HPLC-MS, comprising 14 phenolic acids, 23 flavonols and flavones, and, for the first time in the genus, 7 anthocyanins involved in flower color variability. This approach contributes to clarifying the differences between species, which is particularly relevant in taxonomic complexes such as the present, where morphology fails to clearly differentiate taxa at specific and intraspecific levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cecilia Grohar
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aljaz Medic
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tea Ivancic
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Veberic
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Jogan
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Smyčka J, Roquet C, Boleda M, Alberti A, Boyer F, Douzet R, Perrier C, Rome M, Valay JG, Denoeud F, Šemberová K, Zimmermann NE, Thuiller W, Wincker P, Alsos IG, Coissac E, Lavergne S. Tempo and drivers of plant diversification in the European mountain system. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2750. [PMID: 35585056 PMCID: PMC9117672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is still limited consensus on the evolutionary history of species-rich temperate alpine floras due to a lack of comparable and high-quality phylogenetic data covering multiple plant lineages. Here we reconstructed when and how European alpine plant lineages diversified, i.e., the tempo and drivers of speciation events. We performed full-plastome phylogenomics and used multi-clade comparative models applied to six representative angiosperm lineages that have diversified in European mountains (212 sampled species, 251 ingroup species total). Diversification rates remained surprisingly steady for most clades, even during the Pleistocene, with speciation events being mostly driven by geographic divergence and bedrock shifts. Interestingly, we inferred asymmetrical historical migration rates from siliceous to calcareous bedrocks, and from higher to lower elevations, likely due to repeated shrinkage and expansion of high elevation habitats during the Pleistocene. This may have buffered climate-related extinctions, but prevented speciation along elevation gradients as often documented for tropical alpine floras. Here, the authors use full-plastome phylogenomics and multiclade comparative models to reconstruct the tempo and drivers of six European Alpine angiosperm lineages before and during the Pleistocene. They find that geographic divergence and bedrock shifts drive speciation events, while diversification rates remained steady.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Smyčka
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France. .,Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-11000, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-12801, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Cristina Roquet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France.,Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants (UAB) - Associated Unit to CSIC, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ES-08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Martí Boleda
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Adriana Alberti
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, FR-91057, Evry, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), FR-91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Boyer
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Rolland Douzet
- CNRS, Lautaret, Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble Alpes, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Perrier
- CNRS, Lautaret, Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble Alpes, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Rome
- CNRS, Lautaret, Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble Alpes, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Gabriel Valay
- CNRS, Lautaret, Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble Alpes, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - France Denoeud
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, FR-91057, Evry, France
| | - Kristýna Šemberová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-12801, Prague, Czech Republic.,Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, CZ-25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick Wincker
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, FR-91057, Evry, France
| | - Inger G Alsos
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, The Arctic University Museum of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eric Coissac
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sébastien Lavergne
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, FR-38000, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Miao Y, Wang JS, Hua BZ. Molecular phylogeny of the scorpionflies Panorpidae (Insecta: Mecoptera) and chromosomal evolution. Cladistics 2019; 35:385-400. [PMID: 34633699 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Panorpidae is the most species-rich family in Mecoptera with ca. 470 species in the Northern Hemisphere. However, the intergeneric phylogenetic relationships of Panorpidae remain unsatisfactorily resolved to date. Here, we used molecular and cytogenetic approaches to determine the phylogenetic relationships of Panorpidae in the evolutionary scenario of chromosomes, and estimated their divergence times using fossil-calibrated Bayesian analysis. In total, 89 species representing all seven genera of Panorpidae were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic trees using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference based on the nuclear 28S rRNA and mitochondrial cox1 and cox2 genes. The results reveal that Panorpidae is a well-supported monophyletic group that can be categorized into two major clades. Major Clade I comprises Neopanorpa and Leptopanorpa, and Major Clade II consists of all the other genera (Cerapanorpa, Dicerapanorpa, Furcatopanorpa, Panorpa and Sinopanorpa). Neopanorpa and Cerapanorpa are regarded as paraphyletic groups for the first time. BEAST analysis indicates that Panorpidae originated in the Lower Cretaceous approximately 122.5 Ma (96.8-149.3 Ma), and that most diversification occurred from the Selandian (59.8 Ma) to the Middle Pleistocene (0.6 Ma) in the Cenozoic. Cytogenetic data plotted on the cladogram show that the lineage differentiation of Panorpidae is closely related to the chromosomal evolution, especially the reduction of chromosome number. Our study suggests that a taxonomic revision of Panorpidae is urgently needed at the generic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Miao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ji-Shen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bao-Zhen Hua
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ley AC, Nissen J, Wölk A, Röser M. Glacial refugia and speciation in a group of wind-pollinated and -dispersed, endemic Alpine species of Helictotrichon (Poaceae). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205354. [PMID: 30321199 PMCID: PMC6188759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Alps phylogeographic studies indicate for small insect-pollinated herbs that climatic fluctuations caused significant population migrations and fragmentations into glacial refugia at the periphery of the Alps. Here we investigate whether this holds also for wind-pollinated and -dispersed species. We therefore analysed the phylogeographic pattern (nuclear and chloroplast dataset) of a clade of the four species of the Helictotrichon parlatorei species group (Poaceae) endemic to the Alps. In contrast to earlier findings for small insect-pollinated herbs no clear barriers to gene flow could be detected in this species group. Instead a few haplotypes are widespread across the entire Alpine region. While the complete absence of a phylogeographic structure in the plastid dataset hints towards very efficient long distance seed dispersal, the moderate phylogeographic structure in the nuclear dataset indicates at least some spatial restriction to pollen dispersal. Rare haplotypes cluster solely in the Western and Southern central Alps and thereby suggest this to be the area of origin for the H. parlatorei species group from where expansion occurred following the presence of calcareous bedrock into the Eastern Alps. We thus conclude that the inclusion of taxa with complementary life-history traits is vital in understanding the glacial history of the Alpine flora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Ley
- Institute of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail: (ACL); (MR)
| | - Jana Nissen
- Institute of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexandra Wölk
- Institute of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin Röser
- Institute of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail: (ACL); (MR)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marx HE, Dentant C, Renaud J, Delunel R, Tank DC, Lavergne S. Riders in the sky (islands): using a mega-phylogenetic approach to understand plant species distribution and coexistence at the altitudinal limits of angiosperm plant life. JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY 2017; 44:2618-2630. [PMID: 29249850 PMCID: PMC5730081 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Plants occurring on high-alpine summits are generally expected to persist due to adaptations to extreme selective forces caused by the harshest climates where angiosperm life is known to thrive. We assessed the relative effects of this strong environmental filter and of other historical and stochastic factors driving plant community structure in very high-alpine conditions (up to 4,000m). LOCATION European Alps, Écrins National Park, France. METHODS Using species occurrence data collected from floristic surveys on 15 summits (2,791 m - 4,102 m a.s.l.) throughout the Écrins range, along with existing molecular sequence data obtained from GenBank, we used a mega-phylogenetic approach to evaluate the phylogenetic structure of high-alpine plant species assemblages. We used three nested species pools and two null models to address the importance of species-specific and species-neutral processes for driving coexistence. RESULTS Compared to the entire species pool of the study region, alpine summits exhibited a strong signal of phylogenetic clustering. Restricting statistical sampling to environmentally and historically defined species pools reduced the significance of this pattern. However, we could not reject a model that explicitly incorporates neutral colonization and local extinction in shaping community structure for dominant plant orders. Between summits, phylogenetic turnover was generally lower than expected. Environmental drivers did not explain overall phylogenetic patterns, but we found significant geographic and climatic structure in phylogenetic diversity at finer taxonomic scales. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Although we found evidence for strong phylogenetic clustering within alpine summits, we were not able to reject models of species-neutral processes to explain patterns of floristic diversity. Our results suggest that plant community structure in high-alpine regions can also be shaped by neutral processes, and not through the sole action of environmental selection as traditionally assumed for harsh and stressful environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Marx
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3051, Moscow, ID 83844-3051, USA
| | | | - Julien Renaud
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5553, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Romain Delunel
- Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David C. Tank
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3051, Moscow, ID 83844-3051, USA
| | - Sébastien Lavergne
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5553, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dillenberger MS, Kadereit JW. Simultaneous speciation in the European high mountain flowering plant genus Facchinia (Minuartia s.l., Caryophyllaceae) revealed by genotyping-by-sequencing. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 112:23-35. [PMID: 28433621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the relative importance of different mechanisms of speciation in a given lineage requires fully resolved interspecific relationships. Using Facchinia, a genus of seven species centred in the European Alps, we explore whether the polytomy found by Sanger sequencing analyses of standard nuclear (ITS) and plastid markers (trnQ-rps16) is a hard or soft polytomy by substantially increasing the amount of DNA sequence data, generated by genotyping-by-sequencing. In comparison to 142 phylogenetically informative sites in the Sanger sequences the GBS sequences yielded 3363 phylogenetically informative sites after exclusion of apparently oversaturated SNPs. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, NeighborNet, SVDquartets and Astral-II analyses all resulted in phylogenetic trees (and networks) in which interspecific relationships were largely unresolved. After excluding incomplete lineage sorting, hybridisation and oversaturation of characters as possible causes for lack of phylogenetic resolution, we conclude that the polytomy obtained most likely represents a hard polytomy. We hypothesize that diversification of Facchinia is best interpreted as the result of multiple simultaneous vicariance in response to climatic changes during the Early Quaternary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus S Dillenberger
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Joachim W Kadereit
- Institut für Organismische und Molekulare Evolutionsbiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
McCann J, Schneeweiss GM, Stuessy TF, Villaseñor JL, Weiss-Schneeweiss H. The Impact of Reconstruction Methods, Phylogenetic Uncertainty and Branch Lengths on Inference of Chromosome Number Evolution in American Daisies (Melampodium, Asteraceae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162299. [PMID: 27611687 PMCID: PMC5017664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome number change (polyploidy and dysploidy) plays an important role in plant diversification and speciation. Investigating chromosome number evolution commonly entails ancestral state reconstruction performed within a phylogenetic framework, which is, however, prone to uncertainty, whose effects on evolutionary inferences are insufficiently understood. Using the chromosomally diverse plant genus Melampodium (Asteraceae) as model group, we assess the impact of reconstruction method (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, Bayesian methods), branch length model (phylograms versus chronograms) and phylogenetic uncertainty (topological and branch length uncertainty) on the inference of chromosome number evolution. We also address the suitability of the maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree as single representative topology for chromosome number reconstruction. Each of the listed factors causes considerable incongruence among chromosome number reconstructions. Discrepancies between inferences on the MCC tree from those made by integrating over a set of trees are moderate for ancestral chromosome numbers, but severe for the difference of chromosome gains and losses, a measure of the directionality of dysploidy. Therefore, reliance on single trees, such as the MCC tree, is strongly discouraged and model averaging, taking both phylogenetic and model uncertainty into account, is recommended. For studying chromosome number evolution, dedicated models implemented in the program ChromEvol and ordered maximum parsimony may be most appropriate. Chromosome number evolution in Melampodium follows a pattern of bidirectional dysploidy (starting from x = 11 to x = 9 and x = 14, respectively) with no prevailing direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie McCann
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald M. Schneeweiss
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Tod F. Stuessy
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Herbarium, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, 318 W. 12th Ave., 43210 Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jose L. Villaseñor
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito s/n Ciudad Universitaria Delegación Coyoacán Apartado Postal 70-233, 04510 México, D.F., México
| | - Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|