1
|
Krings W, Below P, Gorb SN. Mandible mechanical properties and composition of the larval Glossosoma boltoni (Trichoptera, Insecta). Sci Rep 2024; 14:4695. [PMID: 38409429 PMCID: PMC10897335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Insect feeding structures, such as mandibles, interact with the ingesta (food or/and substrate) and can be adapted in morphology, composition of material and mechanical properties. The foraging on abrasive ingesta, as on algae covering rocks, is particularly challenging because the mandibles will be prone to wear and structural failure, thus suggesting the presence of mandibular adaptations to accompany this feeding behavior. Adaptations to this are well studied in the mouthparts of molluscs and sea urchins, but for insects there are large gaps in our knowledge. In this study, we investigated the mandibles of a grazing insect, the larvae of the trichopteran Glossosoma boltoni. Using scanning electron microscopy, wear was documented on the mandibles. The highest degree was identified on the medial surface of the sharp mandible tip. Using nanoindentation, the mechanical properties, such as hardness and Young's modulus, of the medial and lateral mandible cuticles were tested. We found, that the medial cuticle of the tip was significantly softer and more flexible than the lateral one. These findings indicate that a self-sharpening mechanism is present in the mandibles of this species, since the softer medial cuticle is probably abraded faster than the harder lateral one, leading to sharp mandible tips. To investigate the origins of these properties, we visualized the degree of tanning by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The autofluorescence signal related to the mechanical property gradients. The presence of transition and alkaline earth metals by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was also tested. We found Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, S, Si, and Zn in the cuticle, but the content was very low and did not correlate with the mechanical property values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wencke Krings
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Mammalogy and Palaeoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Patrick Below
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Mammalogy and Palaeoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Waringer J, Vitecek S, Martini J, Zittra C, Vieira A, Kuhlmann HC. Case design and flow resistance in high-alpine caddisfly larvae (Insecta, Trichoptera). HYDROBIOLOGIA 2022; 849:4259-4271. [PMID: 36317078 PMCID: PMC9613749 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-022-04981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED For evaluating hydraulic stress reduction strategies of caddisfly larvae, our study has three goals. First, creating a database on Reynolds numbers (Re) and drag coefficients valid for Limnephilidae larvae with cylindrical mineral cases. Second, evaluating the effects of submerged weight and biometry in cases with comparable length/width ratios. And third, collecting field data in an alpine environment for gaining insights into the hydraulic niches occupied by thirteen Drusinae species. Biometric data were subsequently combined with published Reynolds numbers and mean flow velocity data measured immediately upstream of Limnephilidae larvae at the moment of dislodgement. This provides drag coefficients for the range of Reynolds numbers obtained in the field. Data reveal that heavy cases strongly benefit from compensating drag by submerged weight, thereby enabling species to utilize high velocity spots, an important benefit for filtering species. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10750-022-04981-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johann Waringer
- Division Limnology, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Vitecek
- WasserCluster Lunz, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Martini
- WasserCluster Lunz, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carina Zittra
- Division Limnology, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ariane Vieira
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, TU Wien, Tower BA/E322, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik C. Kuhlmann
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, TU Wien, Tower BA/E322, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ge XY, Peng L, Du J, Sun CH, Wang BX. New species of the genus Molanna Curtis, 1834 (Trichoptera, Molannidae) in China inferred from morphology and DNA barcodes. Zookeys 2022; 1112:161-178. [PMID: 36760623 PMCID: PMC9848726 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1112.84475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The male adult of Molannatruncata Ge, Peng & Sun sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on material collected in Si-chuan, China. It could be diagnosed by the subtriangular superior appendages when viewed dorsally, and by the mesal appendages each having a slender thorn and inferior appendages with a tiny inner process. Based on morphology of genitalia, we provide a dichotomous key to adult males of Molanna from the Oriental region. The DNA barcodes (partial mtCOI sequences) of M.truncata sp. nov. are generated and compared with existing sequences of Molanna species from Oriental and Palearctic regions. The mean intraspecific divergence of Molanna was 1.58% with a maximum of 8.50% in M.moesta. The Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) analysis of Molanna inferred 9 OTUs and thresholds of interspecific divergence of 10%. Divergence of M.truncata sp. nov. haplotypes from all other Molanna haplotypes ranged from 10.1% to 18%. We discuss distribution and potential groups of species within the Oriental Molanna species based on morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-yu Ge
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, ChinaNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lang Peng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, ChinaNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jie Du
- Jiuzhaigou Administration Bureau, 623402, Jiuzhaigou County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, ChinaJiuzhaigou Administration BureauSichuanChina
| | - Chang-hai Sun
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, ChinaNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Bei-xin Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, ChinaNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zittra C, Vitecek S, Schwaha T, Handschuh S, Martini J, Vieira A, Kuhlmann HC, Waringer J. Comparing head muscles among Drusinae clades (Insecta: Trichoptera) reveals high congruence despite strong contrasts in head shape. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1047. [PMID: 35058493 PMCID: PMC8776961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe subfamily Drusinae (Limnephilidae, Trichoptera) comprises a range of species exhibiting differently shaped head capsules in their larval stages. These correspond to evolutionary lineages pursuing different larval feeding ecologies, each of which uses a different hydraulic niche: scraping grazers and omnivorous shredders sharing rounded head capsules and filtering carnivores with indented and corrugated head capsules. In this study, we assess whether changes in head capsule morphology are reflected by changes in internal anatomy of Drusinae heads. To this end, internal and external head morphology was visualized using µCT methods and histological sections in three Drusinae species—Drusus franzi, D. discolor and D. bosnicus—representing the three evolutionary lineages. Our results indicate that Drusinae head musculature is highly conserved across the evolutionary lineages with only minute changes between taxa. Conversely, the tentorium is reduced in D. discolor, the species with the most aberrant head capsule investigated here. Integrating previous research on Drusinae head anatomy, we propose a fundamental Drusinae blueprint comprising 29 cephalic muscles and discuss significance of larval head capsule corrugation in Trichoptera.
Collapse
|
5
|
Martini J, Waringer J. Dynamic microhabitat shifts in space and time of caddisfly larvae (Insecta: Trichoptera) in a first‐order calcareous mountain stream. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00741-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBy studying substrate (choriotope) preferences of 25 caddisfly taxa in the Schreierbach stream, a calcareous, first order tributary of the Ybbs river (Lower Austria), we aimed on (1) detecting microhabitat preferences in space and time, (2) to relate this information with ontogenetic choriotope shifts, and (3) to explore relationships between feeding guilds and choriotopes chosen. For this, we took six sets of bi-monthly multi-habitat samples of larvae at three stream sections (360 samples). Densities were highest in Drusinae juveniles (53.60 %), Micrasema morosum (15.14 %), Drusus discolor (13.31 %) and D. monticola (4.46 %), and were significantly higher in the upper stream section (1900 ± 1039 larvae m− 2) than in the central (205 ± 23) and lower (141 ± 22). Ivlev electivity indices revealed preferences for Macrolithal in Rhyacophila spp. and Tinodes dives, for Microlithal in Drusinae juveniles, for Megalithal and Phytal in filtering Drusinae and Micrasema, and for Xylal and Akal in Limnephilinae. A cluster analysis of choriotope electivity yielded five clusters, corresponding with functional feeding types. At the instar level, the chosen grain size increased with increasing instar in some species. Observed habitat shifts in space and time reflected the interaction of instar-specific choriotope choice and longitudinal translocations.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ibrahimi H, Bilalli A, Vitecek S, Pauls SU, Erzinger F, Gashi A, Grapci Kotori L, Geci D, Musliu M, Kasumaj E. Potamophylax coronavirus sp. n. (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae), a new species from Bjeshkët e Nemuna National Park in the Republic of Kosovo, with molecular and ecological notes. Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e64486. [PMID: 33867804 PMCID: PMC8046748 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e64486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Western Balkans are an important hotspot of caddisfly diversity in Europe, with several microscale endemics, many of which were discovered during the recent years. The genus Potamophylax Wallengren, 1891 likely originated and diversified in Europe, with the Balkan Peninsula being one of the most important diversity hotspots. New information In this paper, we describe the new species Potamophylax coronavirus sp. n. from Bjeshkët e Nemuna National Park in the Republic of Kosovo. The new species belongs to the Potamophylax winneguthi species group and is morphologically most similar to Potamophylax juliani Kumanski, 1999, currently known only from Bulgaria and Potamophylax winneguthi Klapalek, 1902, known from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. The male of the new species differs from its most similar congeners mainly in exhibiting: (1) elongated subrectangular superior appendages in lateral view; (2) hardly acuminate, almost rounded apex of intermediate appendages; (3) differently shaped, irregular and higher inferior appendages; (4) narrow spinate area, roughly rectangular in dorsal view, slightly wider at the base and (5) different paramere shape and/or spine pattern. The new species also differs by its considerably smaller size and association with open, high altitude eucrenal zones.The uncorrected interspecific pairwise distance between P. coronavirus and other species of the P. winneguthi species group is on par with those amongst other recognised species in the group, as well as with the yet ambiguously identified taxa from the Sharr, Rila and Bajgorë Mountains.The new species is most probably a microendemic of Bjeshkët e Nemuna, thus highlighting further this area as an important hotspot of caddisfly biodiversity in Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halil Ibrahimi
- University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Eqrem Çabej nn., Prishtina, Kosovo University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Eqrem Çabej nn. Prishtina Kosovo
| | - Astrit Bilalli
- University of Peja "Haxhi Zeka", Faculty of Agribusiness, UÇK str. nn., Peja, Kosovo University of Peja "Haxhi Zeka", Faculty of Agribusiness, UÇK str. nn. Peja Kosovo
| | - Simon Vitecek
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management (IHG) Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management (IHG) Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33 1180, Vienna Austria.,WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Dr. Carl Kupelwieserpromenade 5, 3293, Lunz am See, Austria WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station, Dr. Carl Kupelwieserpromenade 5 3293, Lunz am See Austria.,University of Vienna, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria University of Vienna, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Althanstraße 14 1090, Vienna Austria
| | - Steffen U Pauls
- Institute of Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392, Gießen, Germany Institute of Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Gießen Germany.,Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60388, Frankfurt a. M., Germany Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60388 Frankfurt a. M. Germany
| | - Felicitas Erzinger
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60388, Frankfurt a. M., Germany Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60388 Frankfurt a. M. Germany
| | - Agim Gashi
- University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Eqrem Çabej nn., Prishtina, Kosovo University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Eqrem Çabej nn. Prishtina Kosovo
| | - Linda Grapci Kotori
- University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Eqrem Çabej nn., Prishtina, Kosovo University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Eqrem Çabej nn. Prishtina Kosovo
| | - Donard Geci
- University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Eqrem Çabej nn., Prishtina, Kosovo University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Eqrem Çabej nn. Prishtina Kosovo
| | - Milaim Musliu
- University of Peja "Haxhi Zeka", Faculty of Agribusiness, UÇK str. nn., Peja, Kosovo University of Peja "Haxhi Zeka", Faculty of Agribusiness, UÇK str. nn. Peja Kosovo
| | - Edison Kasumaj
- University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Eqrem Çabej nn., Prishtina, Kosovo University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Eqrem Çabej nn. Prishtina Kosovo
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zittra C, Vitecek S, Martini J, Handschuh S. External and internal head anatomy of Drusus monticola (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae). ENTOMOLOGICA AUSTRIACA : ZEITSCHRIFT DER OSTERREICHISCHEN ENTOMOLOGISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT 2021; 28:119-131. [PMID: 34079585 PMCID: PMC7610875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL HEAD ANATOMY OF DRUSUS MONTICOLA TRICHOPTERA LIMNEPHILIDAE Caddisflies have evolved to a staggering diversity, and their larvae inhabit a wide range of different habitats. Also, the larvae differ in their (feeding) ecology, and hydrological niche preference. Consequently, groups differ in their external morphology, a fact that allows to identify many taxa to species-level in the larval stage. However, a comparative treatise on the internal anatomy of larval Trichoptera remains to be presented. Here, we provide a detailed study on the external and internal head anatomy of Drusus monticola, a member of the limnephilid subfamily Drusinae.We found 26 major muscles using μCT-scans, of which the muscles operating the mandibles were the largest. Overall, we could differentiate four main muscle groups: muscles operating the labrum, muscles operating the mandibles, muscles operating the maxillolabium and muscles operating the alimentary canal.The situation as observed in D. monticola is highly similar to that of D. trifidus, the only other Drusinae in which cephalic anatomy is known. We propose that the configuration (muscle origins and number) observed here is characteristic for an evolutionary lineage within Drusinae in which all known members share a scraping grazer feeding ecology. Other Drusinae, including such with modified head capsules, remain to be investigated. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG EXTERNE UND INTERNE ANATOMIE DES KOPFES VON DRUSUS MONTICOLA TRICHOPTERA LIMNEPHILIDAE Köcherfliegen haben eine beeindru-ckende Diversität, und ihre Larven besiedeln ein breites Spektrum unterschiedlicher Habitate. Zudem unterscheiden sich diese Larven in ihrer (Ernährungs)-Ökologie und der Präferenz bestimmter hydrologischer Nischen. Folglich unterscheiden sich diese Gruppen in ihrer Morphologie, ein Umstand, durch den sie erst bestimmbar werden. Eine umfassende vergleichende Bearbeitung der internen Anatomie von Köcherfliegenlarven steht allerdings noch aus. Hier legen wir eine genaue Studie der Kopfkapselanatomie von Drusus monticola vor, einer Limnephilidae aus der Unterfamilie der Drusinae.Wir konnten mittels μCT-Scans 26 Muskeln feststellen, wobei die Mandibelmuskeln bei weitem die größten sind. Insgesamt konnten wir vier Muskelgruppen differenzie-ren: Muskeln des Labrums, Muskeln der Mandibeln, Muskeln des Maxillolabiums und Muskeln des Verdauungstrakts.Die Organisation, die bei D. monticola vorgefunden wurde, entspricht weitestgehend der, die anhand von D. trifidus beschrieben wurde - der einzigen anderen daraufhin erforschten Drusinae. Wir schließen daraus, dass die beobachtete Konfiguration für die evolutionäre Linie der schabenden Weidegänger innerhalb der Drusinae typisch ist. Bezüglich der Anatomie anderer Drusinae, insbesondere solcher mit abgewan-delten Kopfkapseln, sollten weitere Forschungen angestellt werden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Zittra
- Department für Funktionelle und Evolutionäre
Ökologie, Universität Wien, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien,
Österreich
| | - Simon Vitecek
- WasserCluster Lunz – Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Österreich
| | - Jan Martini
- Department für Funktionelle und Evolutionäre
Ökologie, Universität Wien, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien,
Österreich
- WasserCluster Lunz – Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl
Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Österreich
| | - Stephan Handschuh
- VetCore Facility for Research Imaging Unit, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Wien, Österreich
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Hydraulic niche descriptors of final instar larvae of nine Drusus species (Trichoptera) were studied in small, spring-fed, first-order headwaters located in the Mühlviertel (Upper Austria), Koralpe (Carinthia, Austria), and in the Austrian and Italian Alps. The species investigated covered all three clades of Drusinae: the shredder clade (Drusus franzi, D. alpinus), the grazer clade (D. biguttatus, D. chauvinianus, D. dudor, D. monticola), and the filtering carnivore clade (D. chrysotus, D. katagelastos, D. muelleri). Flow velocity was measured at front center of 68 larvae, head upstream, on the top of mineral substrate particles at water depths of 10–30 mm, using a tripod-stabilized Micro propeller meter (propeller diameter = 10 mm). Each data series consisted of a sampled measurement lasting 30 s (measuring interval = 1 s). In total, 2040 single velocity measurements were taken. Instantaneous flow velocities and drag at the sites of the 68 larvae varied from 0 to 0.93 m s−1 and 0 to 8346 *10−6 N, respectively. Flow velocities and drag between the three clades were highly significantly different (p < 0.001); mean velocity (+ 95% confidence limits) for the three clades were 0.09 + 0.00 m s−1 for the shredder, 0.25 + 0.00 m s−1 for the grazer, and 0.31 + 0.01 m s−1 for the filtering carnivore clade; the corresponding data for drag were (85 + 18)*10−6 N, (422 + 61)*10−6 N and (1125 + 83)*10−6 N, respectively. Adhesive friction ranged from (41.07 + 53.03)*10−6 N in D. franzi to (255.24 + 216.87)*10−6 N in D. chrysotus. Except in D. franzi and D. dudor adhesive friction was always well below drag force, indicating that submerged weight alone was not sufficient to stabilize the larvae in their hydraulic environment. Reynolds numbers varied between 0 in D. franzi and D. alpinus, and 12,634 in D. katagelastos, with 7% of the total in the laminar (R < 500), 30% in the transitional (R = 500–2000), and 61% in the fully turbulent stage (R > 2000). Froude numbers (Fr) varied from 0 to 2.97. The two Drusus species of the shredder clade and three out of four species of the grazer clade were exposed to subcritical Fr < 1, one species of the grazer clade and two out of three species of the filtering clade to supercritical Froude numbers >1.
Collapse
|
9
|
Waringer J, Vitecek S, Martini J, Zittra C, Handschuh S. Hydraulic stress parameters of a cased caddis larva ( Drusus biguttatus) using spatio-temporally filtered velocity measurements. HYDROBIOLOGIA 2020; 847:3437-3451. [PMID: 32801389 PMCID: PMC7115936 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-020-04349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
By studying hydraulic stress parameters of larvae of the cased caddisfly Drusus biguttatus (Pictet, 1834) in a tributary of the Schwarze Sulm (Carinthia, Austria), we aimed on (1) detecting the flow properties of the spatio-temporally filtered velocity measurements taken, and (2) on defining the hydraulic niche of this caddisfly larva. For this, we took 31 measurement series lasting 30 to 300 s, yielding 2176 single velocity measurements. The probability density functions of the 31 data series were Gaussian or sub-Gaussian, and the mean recurrent interval between velocity maxima within a data series was only 15.00 s. As a consequence, the Trichoptera larvae studied have to face strong flow accelerations in short intervals which is a much higher stress than conventional mean velocity measurements would suggest. The hydraulic niche of Drusus biguttatus is defined by instantaneous flow velocities ranging from 0.04 to 0.69 m s-1, by drag forces from 13 × 10-6 to 3737 × 10-6 N, by Froude numbers from 0.13 to 1.20, and mostly by Reynolds numbers > 2000. Under such conditions, only 5.1% of the drag force is compensated by submerged weight, whereas the remainder has to be counterbalanced by the active efforts of the larvae to remain attached to the substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johann Waringer
- Division Limnology, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Vitecek
- WasserCluster Lunz, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria; Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Martini
- Division Limnology, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Zittra
- Division Limnology, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Handschuh
- VetCore Facility for Research. Imaging Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vitecek S, Graf W, Martini J, Zittra C, Handschuh S, Kuhlmann HC, Vieira A, Hess M, Heckes U, Erzinger F, Pauls SU, Waringer J. A new Drusinae species from the western Alps with comments on the subfamily and an updated key to filtering carnivore larvae of Drusinae species (Insecta: Trichoptera: Limnephilidae). Zootaxa 2020; 4790:491-504. [PMID: 32565673 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4790.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A new Drusinae species, Drusus katagelastos sp. nov., of the Drusus chapmani Species Complex, is described based on a male and associated larvae. Adult-larval association was achieved through DNA barcoding. The male of the new species differ from that of its congeners in the formation of the intermediate appendages and parameres. Information on the morphology of the larva is given, and important diagnostic features are discussed. In the context of filtering carnivore Drusinae, the larva of the new species can be separated from other filtering carnivore species by the dense cover of long translucent bristles within the frontal cavity surrounded by a circular corona of long bristles. Drusus katagelastos sp. nov. is known from only northwestern Italy (Piemonte).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vitecek
- WasserCluster Lunz, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria.,BOKU, University of Natural Resources, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Vienna, Gregor-Mendelstrasse 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.,
| | - Wolfram Graf
- BOKU, University of Natural Resources, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Vienna, Gregor-Mendelstrasse 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria.,
| | - Jan Martini
- WasserCluster Lunz, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria.,Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.,
| | - Carina Zittra
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.,
| | - Stephan Handschuh
- VetCore Facility for Research, Imaging Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.,
| | - Hendrik C Kuhlmann
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, TU Wien, Tower BA/E322, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.,
| | - Ariane Vieira
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, TU Wien, Tower BA/E322, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.,
| | - Monika Hess
- Büro H2 Ökologische Gutachten, Hess + Heckes GbR, Rumfordstr. 42, 80469 München, Germany.,
| | - Ullrich Heckes
- Büro H2 Ökologische Gutachten, Hess + Heckes GbR, Rumfordstr. 42, 80469 München, Germany.,
| | - Felicitas Erzinger
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt a. M., Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,
| | - Steffen U Pauls
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt a. M., Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Gießen, Germany.,
| | - Johann Waringer
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vitecek S, Martini J, Zittra C, Kuhlmann H, Vieira A, Waringer J. The larva of Drusus dudor Oláh, 2017, including an updated key to larval Drusinae Banks, 1916 (Insecta, Trichoptera, Limnephilidae). Zookeys 2020; 908:137-155. [PMID: 32066990 PMCID: PMC7010845 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.908.47032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The caddisfly Drususdudor Oláh, 2017 (Limephilidae: Drusinae) was described from the Northwestern Italian Alps. We provide a detailed description of the larva, based on material from the Italian Province of Piemonte. Information on the morphology of the 5th larval instar is given, and the most important diagnostic features are illustrated. The larva is included in an updated key to larval Drusinae where D.dudor keys together with Drususaprutiensis Moretti, 1981, D.camerinus Moretti, 1981, D.croaticus Marinkovic-Gospodnetic, 1971, D.mixtus (Pictet, 1834), and D.nigrescens Meyer-Duer, 1875. The species can be reliably separated by the morphology of the pronotum, the shape of the metanotal sclerites, and by morphological details of abdominal sternum I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vitecek
- WasserCluster Lunz, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Jan Martini
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Zittra
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Kuhlmann
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, TU Wien, Tower BA/E322, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ariane Vieira
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, TU Wien, Tower BA/E322, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Waringer
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Waringer J, Zittra C, Handschuh S, Vieira A, Vitecek S, Kuhlmann HC. Project overview: Intricate bodies in the boundary layer - bridging fluid mechanics, morphology and ecology in larval Drusinae (Insecta: Trichoptera). LAUTERBORNIA 2019; 86:169-174. [PMID: 31992905 PMCID: PMC6986915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the layout, the three work packages and the intended outcome of the project 'Intricate bodies in the boundary layer P 31258-B29', funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF ; project start: October 2018).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johann Waringer
- University of Vienna, Department of Limnology & Bio-Oceanography, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Zittra
- University of Vienna, Department of Limnology & Bio-Oceanography, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Handschuh
- VetCore Facility for Research, Imaging Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ariane Vieira
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, TU Wien, Tower BA/E322, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Vitecek
- Quiver Lab, WasserCluster Lunz, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Hendrik C Kuhlmann
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, TU Wien, Tower BA/E322, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hjalmarsson AE, Graf W, Vitecek S, Jähnig SC, Cai Q, Sharma S, Tong X, Li F, Shah DN, Shah RDT, Pauls SU. Molecular phylogeny of Himalopsyche(Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae). SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 44:973-984. [DOI: 10.1111/syen.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Hjalmarsson
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Ecology, Evolution & Diversity Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Department of Terrestrial Zoology Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Wolfram Graf
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology ManagementUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Simon Vitecek
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Department of Terrestrial Zoology Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology ManagementUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
- WasserCluster Lunz – Biologische Station GmbH Lunz am See Austria
| | - Sonja C. Jähnig
- Department of Ecosystem ResearchLeibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin Germany
| | - Qinghua Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and BiotechnologyInstitute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
| | - Subodh Sharma
- Aquatic Ecology Centre (AEC), Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringKathmandu University Kathmandu Nepal
| | - Xiaoli Tong
- Department of Entomology, College of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Fengqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and BiotechnologyInstitute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
- Department of River Ecology and ConservationSenckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Gelnhausen Germany
| | - Deep Narayan Shah
- Department of River Ecology and ConservationSenckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Gelnhausen Germany
- Central Department of Environmental ScienceTribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal
| | - Ram Devi Tachamo Shah
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Department of Terrestrial Zoology Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Aquatic Ecology Centre (AEC), Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringKathmandu University Kathmandu Nepal
| | - Steffen U. Pauls
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Department of Terrestrial Zoology Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Department of Insect BiotechnologyJustus‐Liebig‐University Gießen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Waringer J, Previšić A, Kučinić M, Graf W, Vitecek S, Keresztes L, Bálint M, Pauls SU. Larval morphology of the Western Balkans endemic caddisflies Drusus krusniki Malicky 1981, D. vernonensis Malicky 1989, and D. vespertinus Marinković 1976 (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae, Drusinae). Zootaxa 2018; 4083:483-500. [PMID: 26985141 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4083.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Drusinae (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae) are highland caddisflies inhabiting high-gradient, turbulent running water and spring habitats. They are disjunctly distributed over the Eurasian mountain ranges, and the majority of species is endemic to particular mountain areas. The most diverse of three main groups of the Drusinae, the grazer clade, consists of species in which larvae feed on epiltihic biofilm and algae. In this paper we describe three previously unknown grazer-clade Drusinae larvae: Drusus krusniki Malicky 1981 (endemic to the Dinaric western Balkans), D. vernonensis Malicky 1989 (endemic to the Hellenic western Balkans), and D. vespertinus Marinković 1976 (endemic to the Dinaric western Balkans). The larvae of these species have toothless mandibles typical of the Drusinae grazer clade. Larvae and adults were unambiguously associated using molecular genetic data, i.e., the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene fragment (mtCOI3-P). Morphological characteristics of the larvae are described and the diagnostic features enabling species-level identification are illustrated. We further discuss the ecology and distribution of three Western Balkan endemic species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johann Waringer
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Ocenaography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Previšić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladen Kučinić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Wolfram Graf
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Max Emanuel-Strasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Vitecek
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Ocenaography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lujza Keresztes
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Clinicilor 5-7, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Miklós Bálint
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Steffen U Pauls
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ćukušić A, Ćuk R, Previšić A, Podnar M, Delić A, Kučinić M. DNA barcoding and first records of two rare Adicella species (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Croatia. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
16
|
Vitecek S, Kučinić M, Previšić A, Živić I, Stojanović K, Keresztes L, Bálint M, Hoppeler F, Waringer J, Graf W, Pauls SU. Integrative taxonomy by molecular species delimitation: multi-locus data corroborate a new species of Balkan Drusinae micro-endemics. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:129. [PMID: 28587671 PMCID: PMC5461746 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxonomy offers precise species identification and delimitation and thus provides basic information for biological research, e.g. through assessment of species richness. The importance of molecular taxonomy, i.e., the identification and delimitation of taxa based on molecular markers, has increased in the past decade. Recently developed exploratory tools now allow estimating species-level diversity in multi-locus molecular datasets. RESULTS Here we use molecular species delimitation tools that either quantify differences in intra- and interspecific variability of loci, or divergence times within and between species, or perform coalescent species tree inference to estimate species-level entities in molecular genetic datasets. We benchmark results from these methods against 14 morphologically readily differentiable species of a well-defined subgroup of the diverse Drusinae subfamily (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae). Using a 3798 bp (6 loci) molecular data set we aim to corroborate a geographically isolated new species by integrating comparative morphological studies and molecular taxonomy. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that only multi-locus species delimitation provides taxonomically relevant information. The data further corroborate the new species Drusus zivici sp. nov. We provide differential diagnostic characters and describe the male, female and larva of this new species and discuss diversity patterns of Drusinae in the Balkans. We further discuss potential and significance of molecular species delimitation. Finally we argue that enhancing collaborative integrative taxonomy will accelerate assessment of global diversity and completion of reference libraries for applied fields, e.g., conservation and biomonitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vitecek
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt’ to ‘Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mladen Kučinić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Previšić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Živić
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Stojanović
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lujza Keresztes
- Center for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Miklós Bálint
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BIK-F, Frankfurt’ to ‘Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Felicitas Hoppeler
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BIK-F, Frankfurt’ to ‘Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johann Waringer
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Graf
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen U. Pauls
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre BIK-F, Frankfurt’ to ‘Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt’ to ‘Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou X, Frandsen PB, Holzenthal RW, Beet CR, Bennett KR, Blahnik RJ, Bonada N, Cartwright D, Chuluunbat S, Cocks GV, Collins GE, deWaard J, Dean J, Flint OS, Hausmann A, Hendrich L, Hess M, Hogg ID, Kondratieff BC, Malicky H, Milton MA, Morinière J, Morse JC, Mwangi FN, Pauls SU, Gonzalez MR, Rinne A, Robinson JL, Salokannel J, Shackleton M, Smith B, Stamatakis A, StClair R, Thomas JA, Zamora-Muñoz C, Ziesmann T, Kjer KM. The Trichoptera barcode initiative: a strategy for generating a species-level Tree of Life. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:20160025. [PMID: 27481793 PMCID: PMC4971193 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA barcoding was intended as a means to provide species-level identifications through associating DNA sequences from unknown specimens to those from curated reference specimens. Although barcodes were not designed for phylogenetics, they can be beneficial to the completion of the Tree of Life. The barcode database for Trichoptera is relatively comprehensive, with data from every family, approximately two-thirds of the genera, and one-third of the described species. Most Trichoptera, as with most of life's species, have never been subjected to any formal phylogenetic analysis. Here, we present a phylogeny with over 16 000 unique haplotypes as a working hypothesis that can be updated as our estimates improve. We suggest a strategy of implementing constrained tree searches, which allow larger datasets to dictate the backbone phylogeny, while the barcode data fill out the tips of the tree. We also discuss how this phylogeny could be used to focus taxonomic attention on ambiguous species boundaries and hidden biodiversity. We suggest that systematists continue to differentiate between 'Barcode Index Numbers' (BINs) and 'species' that have been formally described. Each has utility, but they are not synonyms. We highlight examples of integrative taxonomy, using both barcodes and morphology for species description.This article is part of the themed issue 'From DNA barcodes to biomes'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul B Frandsen
- Office of Research Information Services, Office of the Chief Information Officer, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - Ralph W Holzenthal
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Clare R Beet
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Kristi R Bennett
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Roger J Blahnik
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Núria Bonada
- Grup de Recerca Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM), Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Suvdtsetseg Chuluunbat
- Department of Biology, Mongolian National University of Education, 3rd Palace, Beijing Street, Ulaanbaatar 14191, Mongolia
| | - Graeme V Cocks
- 44 Marks Street, Hermit Park, Queensland 4812, Australia
| | - Gemma E Collins
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy deWaard
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - John Dean
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod 3085, Australia
| | - Oliver S Flint
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - Axel Hausmann
- SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany
| | - Lars Hendrich
- SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Hess
- Büro H2-Ökologische Gutachten, Hess+Heckes GbR, Rumfordstraße 42, 80469 München, Germany
| | - Ian D Hogg
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Boris C Kondratieff
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, 1177 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Hans Malicky
- Biologische Station Lunz, Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-3293 Lunz am see, Austria
| | - Megan A Milton
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Jérôme Morinière
- SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany
| | - John C Morse
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, PO Box 340310, Clemson, SC 29634-0310, USA
| | | | - Steffen U Pauls
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - María Razo Gonzalez
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexcio, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | - Aki Rinne
- Finnish Environment Institute, Merikasarminkatu 8 D, 00160 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jason L Robinson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak Street, MC 652, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Juha Salokannel
- Aquatic Insects Expert Group of Finland, Siikinkatu 13, 33710, Tampere, Finland
| | - Michael Shackleton
- Murray-Darling Freshwater Research Centre, La Trobe University, 133 McKoy Street, Wodonga, Victoria 3691, Australia
| | - Brian Smith
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, PO Box, 11115, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Alexandros Stamatakis
- Scientific Computing Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), 69118 Heidelberg, Germany Institute for Theoretical Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, 35 D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ros StClair
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Ernest Jones Drive, Macleod 3085, Australia
| | - Jessica A Thomas
- BioArch, Environment Building, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Carmen Zamora-Muñoz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Tanja Ziesmann
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK)/Zentrum fu¨r Molekulare Biodiversitätsforschung (ZMB), Bonn 5 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karl M Kjer
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California-Davis, 1282 Academic Surge, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kučinić M, Previšić A, Mihoci I, Krpač V, Živić I, Stojanović K, Vojvoda AM, Katušić L. Morphological features of larvae of Drusus plicatus Radovanović (Insecta, Trichoptera) from the Republic of Macedonia with molecular, ecological, ethological, and distributional notes. Zookeys 2016; 598:75-97. [PMID: 27408591 PMCID: PMC4926673 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.598.7311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A description of the larva of Drusus plicatus Radovanović is given for the first time. The most important diagnostic characters enabling separation from larvae of the other Drusinae from the southeast Europe are listed. Molecular, ecological, and ethological features and distribution patterns of the species are given. Additionally, information on the sympatric caddisfly species of the three springs where larvae and adults of Drusus plicatus were found and presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Kučinić
- Department of Biology (*Laboratory for Entomology), Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Republic of Croatia
| | - Ana Previšić
- Department of Biology (*Laboratory for Entomology), Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Republic of Croatia
| | - Iva Mihoci
- Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, 10 000, Republic of Croatia
| | - Vladimir Krpač
- Entomological Society for Investigation and Conservation of Biodiversity and sustainable Development of Natural Ecosystem, Vladimir Komarov st. 40b, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Ivana Živić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | | | - Ana Mrnjavčić Vojvoda
- Croatian Centre for Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Institute for Plant Protection, Rim 98, 10000 Zagreb, Republic of Croatia
| | - Luka Katušić
- State Institute for Nature Protection, Radnička cesta 80, 10 000 Zagreb, Republic of Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ibrahimi H, Vitecek S, Previšić A, Kučinić M, Johann Waringer, Graf W, Balint M, Keresztes L, Pauls SU. Drusus sharrensis sp. n. (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae), a new species from Sharr National Park in Kosovo, with molecular and ecological notes. Zookeys 2016:107-24. [PMID: 27006607 PMCID: PMC4768274 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.559.6350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we describe Drusussharrensissp. n., from the Sharr Mountains in Kosovo. Males of the new species are morphologically most similar to Drususkrusniki Malicky, 1981, Drususkerek Oláh, 2011 and Drususjuliae Oláh, 2011 but differ mainly in exhibiting (1) a differently shaped spinose area on tergite VIII; (2) intermediate appendages anteriorly curved in lateral view with broad tips in dorsal view; (3) inferior appendages with a distinct dorsal protrusion in the proximal half. Females of the new species are morphologically most similar to Drususkrusniki, Drususkerek, Drususjuliae, and Drususplicatus Radovanovic, 1942 but mainly differ in (1) segment X that is longer than the supragenital plate with distinctly pointed tips; (2) supragenital plate quadrangular with a distinct round dorsal protrusion; (3) a vulvar scale with a small median lobe. Results of phylogenetic species delimitation support monophyly of Drusussharrensis sp. n. and recover it as sister to a clade comprising (Drususpelasgus Oláh, 2010 + Drususjuliae + Drususarbanios Oláh, 2010 + Drususplicatus + (Drususdacothracus Oláh, 2010 + Drususillyricus Oláh, 2010)). The new species is a micro-endemic of the Sharr Mountains, a main biodiversity hotspot in the Balkan Peninsula. Main threats to the aquatic ecosystems of this part of the Balkan Peninsula are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halil Ibrahimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", "Mother Theresa" street p.n. 10000 Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Simon Vitecek
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Previšić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladen Kučinić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Johann Waringer
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Graf
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Max-Emanuel-Strasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Miklós Balint
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60388 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Lujza Keresztes
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Steffen U Pauls
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60388 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vitecek S, Kučinić M, Oláh J, Previšić A, Bálint M, Keresztes L, Waringer J, Pauls SU, Graf W. Description of two new filtering carnivore Drusus species (Limnephilidae, Drusinae) from the Western Balkans. Zookeys 2015:79-104. [PMID: 26257570 PMCID: PMC4524279 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.513.9908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new species of the genus Drusus (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae, Drusinae) from the Western Balkans are described. Additionally, observations on the biodiversity and threats to the region's endemic aquatic fauna are discussed. Drususkrpachi sp. n. is a micro-endemic of the Korab Mountains, Macedonia, and Drususmalickyi sp. n. is a micro-endemic of the Prokletije Mountains, Albania. Both new species are most similar to Drususmacedonicus but differ from the latter in the shape of segment IX, the shape of the tips of the intermediate appendages in lateral view, the shape of the inferior appendages, and the form and shape of the parameres. In addition, males of the European species of filtering carnivore Drusinae are diagnosed and illustrated, including Cryptothrixnebulicola McLachlan, Drususchrysotus Rambur, Drususdiscolor Rambur, Drususmacedonicus Schmid, Drususmeridionalis Kumanski, Drususmuelleri McLachlan, Drususromanicus Murgoci and Botosaneanu, and Drusussiveci Malicky. These additions to the Western Balkan fauna demonstrate the significance of this region for European biodiversity and further highlight the importance of faunistic studies in Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vitecek
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mladen Kučinić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ana Previšić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miklós Bálint
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Lujza Keresztes
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Clinicilor 5-7, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Johann Waringer
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen U Pauls
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Wolfram Graf
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecology Management, University of Natural Resources, Max-Emanuelstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|