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Mmonwa KL, Barker NP, McQuaid CD, Teske PR. Coastal dunefields maintain pre-Holocene genetic structure in a rocky shore red alga. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1542-1553. [PMID: 33982309 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most intertidal algae have limited dispersal potential, and areas that lack hard substratum suitable for attachment are thus expected to isolate regional populations from each other. Here, we used nuclear and mitochondrial genetic data to compare genetic structure in two co-distributed intertidal red algae with different dispersal potential along the South African coastline. Gelidium pristoides is divided into a south-eastern and a south-western evolutionary lineage separated by extensive, continuous sandy shoreline habitat adjacent to coastal dunefields. In contrast, Hypnea spicifera is genetically homogeneous throughout its range. In G. pristoides, the genetic breaks are associated with contemporary coastal dunefields. The age of the divergence event suggests that this may reflect the effect of older dispersal barriers, and that genetic structure was subsequently maintained by the formation of contemporary coastal dunefields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolobe Lucas Mmonwa
- Research and Monitoring, KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board, Umhlanga Rocks, South Africa
| | - Nigel Paul Barker
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Christopher David McQuaid
- Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Peter Rodja Teske
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
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Fei X, Shi J, Liu Y, Niu J, Wei A. The steps from sexual reproduction to apomixis. PLANTA 2019; 249:1715-1730. [PMID: 30963237 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, an interaction model of apomixis-related genes was constructed to analyze the emergence of apomictic types. It is speculated that apomixis technology will be first implemented in gramineous plants. Apomixis (asexual seed formation) is a phenomenon in which a plant bypasses the most fundamental aspects of sexual reproduction-meiosis and fertilization-to form a viable seed. Plants can form seeds without fertilization, and the seed genotype is consistent with the female parent. The development of apomictic technology would be revolutionary for agriculture and for food production as it would reduce costs and breeding times and also avoid many complications typical of sexual reproduction (e.g. incompatibility barriers) and of vegetative propagation (e.g. viral transfer). The application of apomictic reproductive technology has the potential to revolutionize crop breeding. This article reviews recent advances in apomixis in cytology and molecular biology. The general idea of identifying apomixis was proposed and the process of the emergence of non-fusion types was discussed. To better understand the apomixis mechanism, an apomixis regulatory model was established. At the same time, the realization of apomixis technology is proposed, which provides reference for the research and application of apomixis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitong Fei
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingwei Shi
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinshuang Niu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Anzhi Wei
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Vila M, Hermida M, Fernández C, Perea S, Doadrio I, Amaro R, San Miguel E. Phylogeography and Conservation Genetics of the Ibero-Balearic Three-Spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170685. [PMID: 28118391 PMCID: PMC5261773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic isolation and drift may imperil peripheral populations of wide-ranging species more than central ones. Therefore, information about species genetic variability and population structure is invaluable for conservation managers. The Iberian populations of three-spined stickleback lie at the southwestern periphery of the European distribution of Gasterosteus aculeatus. This teleost is a protected species in Portugal and Spain and local extinctions have been reported in both countries during the last decades. Our objectives were (i) to determine whether the Iberian populations of G. aculeatus are unique or composed of any of the major evolutionary lineages previously identified and (ii) to assess the evolutionary potential of these peripheral populations. We genotyped 478 individuals from 17 sites at 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci to evaluate the genetic variability and differentiation of the Ibero-Balearic populations. We also sequenced 1,165 bp of the mitochondrial genome in 331 of those individuals in order to complement the estimates of genetic diversity in the Ibero-Balearic region. We predicted the evolutionary potential of the different sites analysed based on the contribution of each of them to total allelic/mitochondrial diversity. An intraspecific phylogeny at European level was reconstructed using our data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (755 bp) and published sequences. The so-called Transatlantic, European and Mediterranean mitochondrial lineages were found to be present in the Ibero-Balearic region. Their phylogeography suggests a history of multiple colonisations. The nuclear results show, however, a strong correlation between population structure and drainage system. The following basins should be prioritised by conservation policies in order to preserve those populations with the highest evolutionary potential: the Portuguese Vouga and Tagus as well as the Spanish Majorca and Limia. Maintenance of their connectivity, control of exotic species and monitoring of habitat properties are strongly recommended in those areas. Genetic variation alone cannot, however, ensure the persistence of these peripheral southern populations of G. aculeatus. On the one hand, the analysis of a historical sample from Eastern Spain (Penyscola) revealed no genetic erosion, which suggests a fairly sudden extinction of that population. On the other hand, the reintroduction program implemented in the Valencian Community has mostly failed despite our finding of similar level of genetic diversity between the wild source and the captive-bred released individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vila
- Universidade da Coruña, Evolutionary Biology Group (GIBE), Facultade de Ciencias, Campus da Zapateira, A Coruña, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Miguel Hermida
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Departamento de Xenética, Facultade de Veterinaria, Avenida Carballo Calero s/n, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernández
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Departamento de Xenética, Facultade de Veterinaria, Avenida Carballo Calero s/n, Lugo, Spain
| | - Silvia Perea
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Doadrio
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafaela Amaro
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Departamento de Xenética, Facultade de Veterinaria, Avenida Carballo Calero s/n, Lugo, Spain
| | - Eduardo San Miguel
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Departamento de Xenética, Facultade de Veterinaria, Avenida Carballo Calero s/n, Lugo, Spain
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