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Kisekelwa T, Snoeks J, Decru E, Schedel FBD, Isumbisho M, Vreven E. A mismatch between morphological and molecular data in lineages of Enteromius (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Lowa basin (East Democratic Republic of the Congo: DRC) with the description of a new species. SYST BIODIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2022.2135630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tchalondawa Kisekelwa
- Centre of Research in Biodiversity, Ecology, Evolution and Conservation (CRBEC), DRC
- Département de Biologie-Chimie, Unité d’Enseignement et de Recherche en Hydrobiologie Appliquée, Institut Supérieur Pédagogique (ISP) of Bukavu, Bukavu, 854, DRC
- 3Vertebrates section, Ichthyology, Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA), Leuvensesteenweg 13, Tervuren, 3080, Belgium
- Biology Department, Fish Diversity and Conservation, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Jos Snoeks
- 3Vertebrates section, Ichthyology, Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA), Leuvensesteenweg 13, Tervuren, 3080, Belgium
- Biology Department, Fish Diversity and Conservation, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Eva Decru
- 3Vertebrates section, Ichthyology, Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA), Leuvensesteenweg 13, Tervuren, 3080, Belgium
- Biology Department, Fish Diversity and Conservation, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Frederic B. D. Schedel
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, Basel, 4051, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Evolutionary Biology, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Mwapu Isumbisho
- Département de Biologie-Chimie, Unité d’Enseignement et de Recherche en Hydrobiologie Appliquée, Institut Supérieur Pédagogique (ISP) of Bukavu, Bukavu, 854, DRC
| | - Emmanuel Vreven
- 3Vertebrates section, Ichthyology, Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA), Leuvensesteenweg 13, Tervuren, 3080, Belgium
- Biology Department, Fish Diversity and Conservation, KU Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
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Disentangling the Diversity of the Labeobarbus Taxa (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Epulu Basin (DR Congo, Africa). DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to disentangle the complex taxonomy of the Labeobarbus species of the Epulu River, a right bank headwater affluent of the Aruwimi, Central Congo basin, a morphological study was undertaken on 221 specimens from the Epulu and 32 type specimens. As a result, five different species have been distinguished, including four so-called rubberlips, L. caudovittatus, L. macroceps, L. mawambiensis, and L. sp. ‘thick lip’, and one chiselmouth, L. longidorsalis. While rubberlips have a curved mouth with well-developed lips and often a mental lobe, chiselmouths have a straight mouth with a keratinised cutting edge on the lower jaw. Among the specimens examined, several presented an intermediate mouth morphology between L. mawambiensis and L. longidorsalis, either with one or two pairs of barbels. One specimen exhibited an intermediate morphology between L. mawambiensis and L. macroceps. This morphological study, complemented with a molecular study of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b (cyt b), suggests that these intermediates are probably hybrid specimens. The Epulu case is reminiscent to a case of possible hybridisation recently discovered in the Inkisi River (Lower Congo basin), but differs in having a lower relative abundance of hybrid specimens in the population, and in phylogenetic patterns.
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3
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Schedel FDB, Musilova Z, Indermaur A, Bitja‐Nyom AR, Salzburger W, Schliewen UK. Towards the phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic African genus Prolabeops Schultz, 1941. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:1333-1342. [PMID: 36053860 PMCID: PMC9826184 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The small cyprinid genus Prolabeops Schultz, 1941 is restricted to the Nyong and Sanaga River systems in Cameroon. In the past, the genus had been suggested to be either a member of the Labeoninae, Torinae or the Smiliogastrinae mainly on the basis of morphological similarities, and it is nowadays considered as incertae sedis within the Cypriniformes. This study provides the first attempt to reveal the phylogenetic position of Prolabeops using molecular data. For this purpose, the authors sequenced a large fraction of the mitochondrial genome (c. 13,600 bp), including all mitochondrial protein coding genes, of two Prolabeops melanhypopterus specimens and an additional four Enteromius specimens. The large-scale phylogenetic analysis was based on an alignment including all mitochondrial protein coding genes of 902 specimens representing c. 899 cypriniform species. Prolabeops was clearly recovered within the African Smiliogastrinae, forming a weakly supported clade together with Enteromius jae, Enteromius hulstaerti and Barboides gracilis. The study data underline the urgent need of a thorough taxonomic revision of the small African barbs collectively placed in the genus Enteromius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic D. B. Schedel
- Zoological InstituteUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Evolutionary BiologyLMU MunichMartinsriedGermany
| | - Zuzana Musilova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | | | - Arnold Roger Bitja‐Nyom
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of NgaoundéréNgaoundéréCameroon
- Department of Management of Fisheries and Aquatic EcosystemsUniversity of DoualaDoualaCameroon
| | | | - Ulrich K. Schliewen
- Department of IchthyologySNSB‐Bavarian State Collection Zoology (ZSM)MunichGermany
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4
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Ahmad Sobri NZ, Lavoué S, Aziz F, Mohd Nor SA, Mohammed Akib NA, Khaironizam MZ. To lump, to split or to maintain? Molecular taxonomy of the spotted barb Barbodes binotatus (Cyprinidae) and closely related species in Peninsular Malaysia. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:656-668. [PMID: 33855740 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The taxonomic status of the Southeast Asian spotted barb, Barbodes binotatus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), has puzzled researchers because of large but inconsistent geographic variation of its body melanin marking pattern. In this study, the authors appraise the differentiation of B. binotatus and two closely related species, Barbodes rhombeus and saddle barb, Barbodes banksi, in Peninsular Malaysia using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. The results of this study reveal that the Peninsular Malaysia populations of each of the three species form largely reciprocal monophyletic lineages that differ from each other by a minimum of 2.3% p-genetic distance using COI gene. Nonetheless, specimens of B. binotatus in Peninsular Malaysia are only distantly related to specimens of B. binotatus in Java (type locality). The monophyly of B. banksi is not refuted although specimens of Peninsular Malaysia are genetically distinct from those of Sarawak (type locality). The authors discuss alternative hypotheses whether each of these three valid species is a single species or each of the main five genetic lineages revealed in this study represents a distinct species. Preliminary investigations reveal a mito-nuclear discordance at one locality in Peninsular Malaysia where B. binotatus and B. banksi co-occur. Further studies should inform on the extent of reproductive porousness between these two lineages and others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sébastien Lavoué
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Fazimah Aziz
- Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Siti Azizah Mohd Nor
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Noor Adelyna Mohammed Akib
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Centre for Global and Sustainability Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Md Zain Khaironizam
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Sudasinghe H, Pethiyagoda R, Raghavan R, Dahanukar N, Rüber L, Meegaskumbura M. Diversity, phylogeny and biogeography ofSystomus(Teleostei, Cyprinidae) in Sri Lanka. ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiranya Sudasinghe
- Evolutionary Ecology and Systematics Lab Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology University of Peradeniya Peradeniya Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate Institute of Science University of Peradeniya Peradeniya Sri Lanka
| | | | - Rajeev Raghavan
- Department of Fisheries Resource Management Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS) Kochi India
| | - Neelesh Dahanukar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune India
| | - Lukas Rüber
- Naturhistorisches Museum Bern Bern Switzerland
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Madhava Meegaskumbura
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology & Conservation College of Forestry Guangxi University Nanning China
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6
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Mullens N, Sonet G, Decru E, Virgilio M, Snoeks J, Vreven E. Mitogenomic characterization and systematic placement of the Congo blind barb Caecobarbus geertsii (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:292-298. [PMID: 32485261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Caecobarbus geertsii, the Congo blind barb, a cave-dwelling, CITES-protected, cyprinid fish endemic to the Lower Congo basin (DRC). The length of the circular mitogenome is 16,565 base pairs. The 13 protein coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 22 transfer RNA genes are similar in position and direction to those of other members of the family Cyprinidae. Phylogenetic analyses including 28 complete mitogenomes from representatives of the subfamily Smiliogastrinae (Cyprinidae), showed that Caecobarbus was nested within a clade including representatives of the genus Enteromius. The data presented in this study provide information on the molecular identification and classification of this threatened species. The results further suggest the need for a taxonomic revision of the genus Enteromius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Mullens
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Biology Department, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium.
| | - Gontran Sonet
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, JEMU, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Eva Decru
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Biology Department, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium; KU Leuven, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Massimiliano Virgilio
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Biology Department, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium.
| | - Jos Snoeks
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Biology Department, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium; KU Leuven, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Emmanuel Vreven
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Biology Department, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium; KU Leuven, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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7
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Decru E, Vranken N, Bragança PHN, Snoeks J, Van Steenberge M. Where ichthyofaunal provinces meet: the fish fauna of the Lake Edward system, East Africa. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:1186-1201. [PMID: 31038741 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on literature, museum collections and three recent expeditions, an annotated species list of the Lake Edward, East Africa, drainage system is presented, excluding the endemic haplochromines. A total of 34 non-Haplochromis species belonging to 10 families and 21 genera are recorded from the system. Three of these are endemic and two others have been introduced in the region. Six species are new records for the Lake Edward system. A species accumulation curve indicates that we probably covered most of the non-Haplochromis species in the area sampled during the recent expeditions, but undetected species might still be present in the Congolese part of the system, which is poorly sampled. A comparison of the species list with those of neighbouring basins confirmed the placement of the Lake Edward system within the east-coast ichthyofaunal province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Decru
- Section Vertebrates, Biology Department, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathan Vranken
- Section Vertebrates, Biology Department, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pedro H N Bragança
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jos Snoeks
- Section Vertebrates, Biology Department, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Van Steenberge
- Section Vertebrates, Biology Department, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Operational Directorate Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
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Katemo Manda B, Snoeks J, Decru E, Bills R, Vreven E. Enteromius thespesios (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): a new minnow species with a remarkable sexual dimorphism from the south-eastern part of the Upper Congo River. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:1160-1175. [PMID: 31347161 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new minnow species, Enteromius thespesios, is described from the south-eastern part of the upper Congo River; that is, the Kalule Nord, the Luvilombo and the Chambeshi Rivers. Enteromius thespesios belongs to the group of the soft-rayed species of Enteromius from the Congo Basin; that is, those with a weakly ossified, flexible last unbranched dorsal-fin ray that lacks serrations along its posterior edge. Within this group, E. thespesios is most similar to E. humeralis, from which it is distinguished by a higher number of circumpeduncular scales and shorter anterior and posterior barbels. Enteromius thespesios is a rheophilic and territorial species. It exhibits a marked sexual dimorphism, with males having: a red band towards the distal edge of dorsal, caudal and, to a lesser degree, anal fin; nuptial tubercles; a longer snout; longer pectoral fins; a shorter anal fin. This study gives extensive consideration to sexual shape differences for a species of Enteromius and also briefly reviews the current knowledge of sexual dimorphism in the species of Enteromius from the Congo Basin. Some conservation issues related to the new species are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bauchet Katemo Manda
- Section Vertebrates, Ichthyology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Unité de Recherche en Biodiversité et Exploitation durable des Zones Humides, Université de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jos Snoeks
- Section Vertebrates, Ichthyology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Decru
- Section Vertebrates, Ichthyology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roger Bills
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Vreven
- Section Vertebrates, Ichthyology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Englmaier GK, Tesfaye G, Bogutskaya NG. A new species of Enteromius (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae, Smiliogastrinae) from the Awash River, Ethiopia, and the re-establishment of E. akakianus. Zookeys 2020; 902:107-150. [PMID: 31997886 PMCID: PMC6978609 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.902.39606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, populations of small-sized smiliogastrin barbs with a thickened and serrated last simple dorsal-fin ray distributed in the Main Ethiopian Rift were analysed. An integrated approach combining genetic markers and a variety of morphological methods based on a wide set of characters, including osteology and sensory canals, proved to be very productive for taxonomy in this group of fishes. The results showed that Ethiopian Enteromius species with a serrated dorsal-fin ray are distant from the true E. paludinosus (with E. longicauda as a synonym) and the so-called E. paludinosus complex involves several supposedly valid species with two distinct species occurring in the Main Ethiopian Rift area. A new species, Enteromius yardiensis sp. nov., is described from the Afar Depression in the north-eastern part of the Northern Main Ethiopian Rift. Enteromius akakianus is resurrected as a valid species including populations from the Central Main Ethiopian Rift (basins of lakes Langano, Ziway, and Awasa). No genetic data were available for E. akakianus from its type locality. Enteromius yardiensis sp. nov. is clearly distant from E. akakianus from the Central Main Ethiopian Rift by CO1 and cytb barcodes: pairwise distances between the new species and the Ethiopian congeners were 5.4 % to 11.0 %. Morphologically, the new species most clearly differs from all examined Ethiopian congeners by three specialisations which are unique in the group: the absence of the anterior barbel, the absence of the medial branch of the supraorbital sensory canal, and few, 1-3, commonly two, scale rows between the lateral line and the anus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot K. Englmaier
- University of Graz, Institute of Biology, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, AustriaUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Genanaw Tesfaye
- National Fisheries and Aquatic Life Research Centre, P.O.Box: 64, Sebeta, EthiopiaNational Fisheries and Aquatic Life Research CentreSebetaEthiopia
| | - Nina G. Bogutskaya
- Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, AustriaNatural History Museum ViennaViennaAustria
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Schmidt RC, Dillon MN, Kuhn NM, Bart HL, Pezold F. Unrecognized and imperilled diversity in an endemic barb (Smiliogastrini,
Enteromius
) from the Fouta Djallon highlands. ZOOL SCR 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ray C. Schmidt
- Biology Department Randolph‐Macon College Ashland Virginia
- Division of Fishes, Smithsonian Research Associate National Museum of Natural History Washington District of Columbia
| | | | | | - Henry L. Bart
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Frank Pezold
- College of Science and Engineering Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi Corpus Christi Texas
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Martin MB, Chakona A. Designation of a neotype for Enteromiuspallidus (Smith, 1841), an endemic cyprinid minnow from the Cape Fold Ecoregion, South Africa. Zookeys 2019; 848:103-118. [PMID: 31160881 PMCID: PMC6536486 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.848.32211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteromiuspallidus was described by Smith in 1841 without a designated type specimen for the species. Herein, we designate a specimen from the Baakens River system as a neotype for E.pallidus and provide a thorough description for this species to facilitate ongoing taxonomic revisions of southern African Enteromius. Enteromiuspallidus can be distinguished from the other minnows in the "goldie barb group" by having an incomplete lateral line, lack of distinct chevron or tubular markings around lateral line pores, absence of a distinct lateral stripe, absence of wavy parallel lines along scale rows and lack of black pigmentation around the borders of the scales. We provide mtDNA COI sequences for the neotype and an additional specimen from the Baakens River as DNA barcodes of types and topotypes are a fundamental requirement for further taxonomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa B Martin
- School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, 21030, Malaysia Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Nerus Malaysia
| | - Albert Chakona
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity Grahamstown South Africa
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12
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Convergent evolution misled taxonomy in schizothoracine fishes (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 134:323-337. [PMID: 30641272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Highly specialized grade (HSG; genera Gymnocypris, Oxygymnocypris, Schizopygopsis, Platypharodon and Chuanchia) of the Schizothoracinae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) are endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Previously, two distinct ecomorphs were recognized according to trophic traits. One was a limnetic omnivore with normal lower jaw morphology, terminal mouth, and moderate or dense gill rakers, mostly inhabiting in open water of lakes, including Gymnocypris and Oxygymnocypris. Another was a benthic feeder with inferior mouth, sparse gill rakers and sharp horny sheath on the lower jaw for scraping of attached prey off hard substrates, including Schizopygopsis, Platypharodon and Chuanchia. However, traditional taxonomy of HSG based on these trophic traits presented extensive conflicts with the molecular studies in recent years. The possible cause could be convergent evolution in morphology, retention of ancestral polymorphisms or mitochondrial introgression, but these hypotheses could not be assessed due to incomplete taxon sampling and only mitochondrial data employed in previous works. Here, we conducted the most comprehensive molecular analysis on HSG fishes to date, using four mitochondrial loci and 152,464 genome-wide SNPs, and including 21 of 24 putative species and one undescribed Schizopygopsis species. Both SNP and mtDNA trees confirmed extensive paraphyly of genera Gymnocypris and Schizopygopsis, where species often were clustered together by watershed instead of by genus. Basal split into the north clade B and the south clade C (ca. 3.03 Ma) approximately by the Tanggula-Tanitawen Mountains in SLAF tree coincided with a violent uplift of the QTP during the phase A of 'Qingzang movement' (ca. 3.6 Ma). Ancestral state reconstruction of the trophic ecomorph showed that the limnetic omnivore ecomorph had evolved repeatedly in clade B and C. Furthermore, we presented a striking case of convergent evolution between two 'subspecies' Gymnocypris chui chui and G. chui longimandibularis, which had diverged as early as two million years ago (ca. 2.42 Ma). Ecological analyses revealed that similar food utilization, particularly in zooplankton, was the main underlying driving force. This work showed an example of taxonomy with the most extensive errors at the genus/species levels due to convergent evolution and suggested that trophic traits could be misleading in fish taxonomy. Therefore, we propose a major generic revision for HSG species.
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13
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Ndeda VM, Mateos M, Hurtado LA. Evolution of African barbs from the Lake Victoria drainage system, Kenya. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5762. [PMID: 30386696 PMCID: PMC6204829 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lake Victoria drainage basin (LVD) in Kenya is home to ten nominal species of small barbs (Enteromius) and one of large barbs (Labeobarbus altianalis). A recent molecular study genetically characterized small barbs in this region and found evidence of introgression between certain species, complicating the taxonomy and species identification of these fishes. This study aimed to extend our understanding on the evolution of these fishes by: (1) determining whether putatively pure individuals of Enteromius cercops are found in the Kenyan LVD, as the previous study only found hybrid individuals of this species in this region; (2) testing the sister relationship between Enteromius profundus, endemic to Lake Victoria, and Enteromius radiatus, also found in Lake Victoria, which had been previously synonymized; (3) examining the phylogenetic relationships of small barbs of the Kenyan LVD with those reported from other ichthyological provinces of Africa; and (4) examining the phylogenetic relationships of Labeobarbus altianalis with other Labeobarbus species. To this end, we obtained mitochondrial Cytochrome b and nuclear Growth Hormone (GH) intron 2 gene sequences of nine Enteromius species from the LVD in Kenya, as well as cytochrome b sequences for L. altianalis. We conducted Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses to establish their evolutionary relationships in relation to many other barbs specimens from Africa. Phylogenetic analyses did not reveal instances of hybridization/introgression among the individuals sequenced by us. A sister relationship between E. profundus and E. radiatus was not found. This latter species shows instead a sister relationship with a lineage comprised of two species from West Africa. Other sister relationships between taxa from the East coast and other ecoregions from Africa are observed, suggesting that past drainage connections and vicariant events contributed to the diversification of Enteromius. Finally, only a single haplotype was recovered among the L. altianalis individuals examined, which is most similar to a specimen from Lake Edward in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet M Ndeda
- Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America.,Department of Zoology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Mariana Mateos
- Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Luis A Hurtado
- Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
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Li X, Shen X, Chen X, Xiang D, Murphy RW, Shen Y. Detection of Potential Problematic Cytb Gene Sequences of Fishes in GenBank. Front Genet 2018; 9:30. [PMID: 29467794 PMCID: PMC5808227 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fishes are, by far, the most diverse group of vertebrates. Their classification relies heavily on morphology. In practice, the correct morphological identification of species often depends on personal experience because many species vary in their body shape, color and other external characters. Thus, the identification of a species may be prone to errors. Due to the rapid development of molecular biology, the number of sequences of fishes deposited in GenBank has grown explosively. These published data likely contain errors owing to invalid or incorrectly identified species. The erroneous data can lead to downstream problems. Thus, it is critical that such errors get identified and corrected. A strategy based on DNA barcoding can detect potentially erroneous data, especially when intraspecific K2P variation exceeds interspecific K2P divergence. Analyses of the most used DNA marker for fishes (mitochondrial Cytb) discovers that intraspecific differences of fishes are generally less than 1%, while interspecific differences are generally higher than 10%. Based on this ruler, our analyses identify 1,303 potential problematic Cytb sequences of fishes in GenBank and point to taxonomic problems, errors in identification, genetic introgression and other concerns. Care must be taken to avoid the perpetuation of errors when using these available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejuan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Xiang
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Robert W. Murphy
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yongyi Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Influenza Research Centre (SUMC/HKU), Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yongyi Shen
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