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Frolová P, van der Veer E, Fransen CHJM, Duriš Z. A review of Palaemonella (Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae), with clarification of the taxonomic status of Cuapetes americanus, Eupontonia and Vir. INVERTEBR SYST 2024; 38:IS23055. [PMID: 38744492 DOI: 10.1071/is23055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The pantropical genus Palaemonella Dana, 1852 (Caridea: Palaemonidae) currently includes 27 species of free-living and symbiotic marine shrimps. The monophyly of Palaemonella with respect to several closely related genera, however, has been questioned by recent analyses. We tested the monophyly of Palaemonella based on multigene phylogenetic analysis and the genus was revealed to be a paraphyletic assemblage by inclusion of species of the genera Eupontonia Bruce, 1971 and Vir Holthuis, 1952, and two genetic lineages of the western Atlantic Cuapetes americanus (Kingsley, 1878). We recognise one of the latter lineages as the previously described Periclimenes rhizophorae Lebour, 1949. Eupontonia and Vir are synonymised with Palaemonella . We also transfer Cuapetes americanus and Periclimenes rhizophorae to Palaemonella . Species previously assigned to Vir were revised; V. colemani Bruce, 2003, V. orientalis (Dana, 1852), V. philippinensis Bruce & Svoboda, 1984 and V. smiti Fransen & Holthuis, 2007 are regarded as valid species of Palaemonella ; Vir longidactylus Marin, 2008 is synonymised with P. smiti ; and the status of V. euphyllius Marin & Anker, 2005 remains unresolved. Palaemonella is currently regarded as a taxon with variable states of two main diagnostic characters, i.e. the plesiomorphic mandibular palp (fully reduced in P. americana ) and the hepatic tooth (fully reduced in former species of Vir and Eupontonia - evidently due to symbiotic modes of life). ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7EEBC655-7EDE-4E46-BCB2-2A3BA16ED7DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Frolová
- Department of Biology and Ecology University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, CZ-71000 Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Eva van der Veer
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, NL-2333 CR Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Zdenek Duriš
- Department of Biology and Ecology University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, CZ-71000 Ostrava, Czechia
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Fransen CHJM. The marine palaemonid shrimps (Crustacea, Deapoda, Caridea) of the Dutch Caribbean. Zootaxa 2023; 5387:1-127. [PMID: 38221226 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5387.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Species of the decapod family Palaemonidae are common components of tropical coastal waters and coral reefs. The majority of these species are symbionts of various invertebrate phyla. Despite a long history of research on their species diversity in the Dutch Caribbean, recent field expeditions have yielded much new information. Combined with examinations of specimens housed in Naturalis Biodiversity Center and information from literature, a comprehensive list of Dutch Carribean palaemonids is provided. Newly collected material was primarily identified via morphological analyses. Additional molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial COI and 16S and nuclear Histone 3 (H3) genes were conducted in search of cryptic species on the one hand and to check conspecifity in species that were found on multiple host species on the other hand. In total, 46 species are here listed for the Dutch Caribbean of which 24 are here recorded for the first time for one of the islands. One species new to science was discovered and is herein described. Sixty new host associations are recorded. In light of biodiversity loss and increasing anthropogenic pressure on declining coral reefs, documenting the diversity of palaemonids and other coral reef species to provide baseline data takes on a new urgency.
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de Gier W, Helleman P, van den Oever J, Fransen CHJM. Ecomorphological convergence in the walking leg dactyli of two clades of ascidian- and mollusc-associated shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae). Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10768. [PMID: 38125954 PMCID: PMC10731117 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic species, living within or on the surface of host organisms, may evolve a wide range of adaptations as a result of various selection pressures, host specificity of the symbiont and the nature of the symbiosis. In tropical marine coral reef ecosystems, palaemonid shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) live in association with at least five different invertebrate phyla. Host switches between (distantly) related host groups, and the thereby associated selection pressures were found to play a major role in the diversification of these shrimp lineages, giving rise to various host-specific adaptations. Two lineages of palaemonid shrimp, which have switched from an ectosymbiotic association towards endosymbiosis, are studied for their morphological diversification and possible convergence. Special attention is given to the between-phyla host switches involving ascidian and bivalve hosts, which are characteristic for these lineages. Using landmark-based (phylo)morphospace analyses and Scanning Electron Microscopy, the walking leg dactylus shape and the microstructures on these dactyli are studied. No specific bivalve- or ascidian-associated morphotypes were found, but morphological convergence in dactylus morphology was found in various species within the two studied clades with similar host groups. In addition, multiple lineages of bivalve-associated species appear to be morphologically diverging more than their ascidian-associated relatives, with 'intermediate' morphotypes found near host-switching events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner de Gier
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Pepijn Helleman
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan van den Oever
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
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Castelin M, Collin R, Harbo R, Spence E, Aschenbrenner K, Merilees W, Gilmore SR, Abbott C, Eernisse DJ. Size Doesn't Matter: Integrative Taxonomy Shows Crepidula adunca and Crepidula norrisiarum Have Overlapping Shell Sizes and Broadly Concordant Distributions. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2022; 242:222-237. [PMID: 35767415 DOI: 10.1086/720422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe calyptraeids Crepidula adunca and Crepidula norrisiarum, both direct developers, are abundant in the shallow waters of the northeastern Pacific. They have long been considered as two allopatric species that live on different hosts and differ in body size. In this study, we rigorously test this historical hypothesis by assessing molecular taxonomy, museum records, new morphological and host observations, and population genetic structure along the northeast Pacific coast. Results show that, contrary to previous understanding, the distributions of the two species largely overlap and that size does not effectively distinguish them, especially in the northern part of the range where the nominal "C. adunca" has been studied. Newly recognized northern occurrences of C. norrisiarum demonstrate that both species have similar, disrupted distributions that range from British Colombia through southern California. Neither species is reported to occur on the outer shores of southern Washington or Oregon, the exception being records of C. adunca at Cape Arago, Oregon. Despite this apparent geographic gap, neither species shows appreciable genetic differentiation between the northern and southern parts of its ranges. Despite body size having been used to distinguish these species, our observations do not support body size as a species-specific trait; rather, they support a new hypothesis that body size variation reflects regional differences in host use and host availability.
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Host-associated morphological convergence in symbiotic pea crabs. Evol Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-022-10153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Evolution of protective symbiosis in palaemonid shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea) with emphases on host spectrum and morphological adaptations. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 162:107201. [PMID: 33984469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Palaemonidae is the most speciose caridean shrimp family, with its huge biodiversity partially generated via symbiosis with various marine invertebrates. Previous studies have provided insights into the evolution of protective symbiosis in this family with evidence for frequent inter-phyla host switches, but the comprehensiveness of evolutionary pathways is hampered by the resolution of the previous phylogenetic trees as well as the taxon coverage. Furthermore, several critical issues related to the evolution of a symbiotic lifestyle, including the change in host spectrum and corresponding morphological adaptations, remain largely unresolved. We therefore performed a much extended phylogenetic comparative study on Palaemonidae, rooted in a comprehensive phylogeny reconstructed by a supermatrix-supertree approach based on a total of three mitochondrial and five nuclear markers. Ancestral state reconstruction of host associations revealed at least three independent evolutions into symbiosis, with potentially a drive to seek protection fuelling incipient symbiosis. Yet, most of the observed symbiotic species diversity was radiated from a single cnidarian associate. The evolution of mandibles and ambulatory dactyli suggests a general lack of correlation with host affiliation (except sponge endosymbionts), implying limited morphological adaptations following host switching, despite being putatively a major adaptive consequence of symbiosis. Our analyses of host spectrum, in terms of basic and taxonomic specificity, revealed no apparent phylogenetic signal but instead resolved a dynamic pattern attributable to frequent host switching. Uncoupling between host spectrum and the degree of morphological specialisation is the norm in palaemonids, suggesting that morphological characters are not fully in tune with host spectrum, in addition to host affiliation. This study demonstrates the complexity in the evolution of symbiosis, pointing to the presence of cryptic adaptations determining host spectrum and governing host switch diversification, and provides a clear direction for the evolutionary study of symbiosis in other marine symbiotic groups involving host switching.
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Ennis CC, Haeffner NN, Keyser CD, Leonard ST, Macdonald-Shedd AC, Savoie AM, Cronin TJ, Veldsman WP, Barden P, Chak STC, Baeza JA. Comparative mitochondrial genomics of sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps in the genus Synalpheus: Exploring differences between eusocial and non-eusocial species and insights into phylogenetic relationships in caridean shrimps. Gene 2021; 786:145624. [PMID: 33798681 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The genus Synalpheus is a cosmopolitan clade of marine shrimps found in most tropical regions. Species in this genus exhibit a range of social organizations, including pair-forming, communal breeding, and eusociality, the latter only known to have evolved within this genus in the marine realm. This study examines the complete mitochondrial genomes of seven species of Synalpheus and explores differences between eusocial and non-eusocial species considering that eusociality has been shown before to affect the strength of purifying selection in mitochondrial protein coding genes. The AT-rich mitochondrial genomes of Synalpheus range from 15,421 bp to 15,782 bp in length and comprise, invariably, 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. A 648 bp to 994 bp long intergenic space is assumed to be the D-loop. Mitochondrial gene synteny is identical among the studied shrimps. No major differences occur between eusocial and non-eusocial species in nucleotide composition and codon usage profiles of PCGs and in the secondary structure of tRNA genes. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of the complete concatenated PCG complement of 90 species supports the monophyly of the genus Synalpheus and its family Alpheidae. Moreover, the monophyletic status of the caridean families Alvinocaridae, Atyidae, Thoridae, Lysmatidae, Palaemonidae, and Pandalidae within caridean shrimps are fully or highly supported by the analysis. We therefore conclude that mitochondrial genomes contain sufficient phylogenetic information to resolve relationships at high taxonomic levels within the Caridea. Our analysis of mitochondrial genomes in the genus Synalpheus contributes to the understanding of the coevolution between genomic architecture and sociality in caridean shrimps and other marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C Ennis
- Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Nariah N Haeffner
- Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Cameron D Keyser
- Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Shannon T Leonard
- Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | | | - Avery M Savoie
- Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Timothy J Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Werner P Veldsman
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Phillip Barden
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA.
| | - Solomon T C Chak
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
| | - J Antonio Baeza
- Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, USA; Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile.
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Šobánová A, Duriš Z. Unexpected diversity in the sponge-associated shrimps Onycocaridella Bruce, 1981 (Crustacea : Decapoda : Palaemonidae) revealed by bulk collecting techniques and molecular tools. INVERTEBR SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/is20052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Multigene molecular revision of a series of specimens of the rare spongobiotic palaemonid shrimp genus, Onycocaridella Bruce, 1981, collected predominantly from Papua New Guinea, has doubled the known species diversity to six. Of the previously known species, O. monodoa (Fujino & Miyake, 1969) and O. stenolepis (Holthuis, 1952) were analysed in the present study, whereas sequenceable specimens of the type species, O. prima Bruce, 1981, were not available. The present molecular analysis (combined COI, 16S, H3 markers) recovered six separate genetic lineages, indicating the presence of four undescribed species. Three of the latter are described in the present study. Remarkably higher known species diversity of Onycocaridella is thus recorded from a single geographic region – Papua New Guinea. The increased diversity reported here was discovered by application of complementary collecting techniques (hand picking, stone brushing, dead-coral sorting, suction sampling). One of the present new species is also reported from Australia, and O. monodoa is newly recorded from New Caledonia. A revised diagnosis of the genus and a key to identification of all known species of Onycocaridella are provided.
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de Gier W, Fransen CHJM, Ozten Low A, Hoeksema BW. Reef fishes stalking box crabs in the southern Caribbean. Ecology 2020; 101:e03068. [PMID: 32353180 PMCID: PMC7507203 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner de Gier
- Taxonomy and Systematics Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, Groningen, 9700 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Charles H J M Fransen
- Taxonomy and Systematics Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Alev Ozten Low
- Kaya Seabird 1C, Kralendijk, Bonaire, Caribbean Netherlands
| | - Bert W Hoeksema
- Taxonomy and Systematics Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands.,Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, Groningen, 9700 CC, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
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Titus BM, Laroche R, Rodríguez E, Wirshing H, Meyer CP. Host identity and symbiotic association affects the taxonomic and functional diversity of the clownfish-hosting sea anemone microbiome. Biol Lett 2020; 16:20190738. [PMID: 32019466 PMCID: PMC7058955 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
All eukaryotic life engages in symbioses with a diverse community of bacteria that are essential for performing basic life functions. In many cases, eukaryotic organisms form additional symbioses with other macroscopic eukaryotes. The tightly linked physical interactions that characterize many macroscopic symbioses create opportunities for microbial transfer, which likely affects the diversity and function of individual microbiomes, and may ultimately lead to microbiome convergence between distantly related taxa. Here, we sequence the microbiomes of five species of clownfish-hosting sea anemones that co-occur on coral reefs in the Maldives. We test the importance of evolutionary history, clownfish symbiont association, and habitat on the taxonomic and predicted functional diversity of the microbiome, and explore signals of microbiome convergence in anemone taxa that have evolved symbioses with clownfishes independently. Our data indicate that host identity and clownfish association shapes the majority of the taxonomic diversity of the clownfish-hosting sea anemone microbiome, and predicted functional microbial diversity analyses demonstrate a convergence among host anemone microbiomes, which reflect increased functional diversity over individuals that do not host clownfishes. Further, we identify upregulated predicted microbial functions that are likely affected by clownfish presence. Taken together our study potentially reveals an even deeper metabolic coupling between clownfishes and their host anemones, and what could be a previously unknown mutualistic benefit to anemones that are symbiotic with clownfishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Titus
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Laroche
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Estefanía Rodríguez
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Herman Wirshing
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
| | - Christopher P. Meyer
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
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Pantaleão JAF, Terossi M, Mantelatto FL, Costa RC. Comparative analysis of the early larval stages of two marine shrimp genera Leanderand Nematopalaemon(CARIDEA, PALAEMONIDAE) obtained in the laboratory. J NAT HIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1611968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Alberto Farinelli Pantaleão
- Laboratory of Biology of Marine and Freshwater Shrimps (LABCAM), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Terossi
- Laboratory of Bioecology and Crustacean Systematics (LBSC), Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luis Mantelatto
- Laboratory of Bioecology and Crustacean Systematics (LBSC), Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogério Caetano Costa
- Laboratory of Biology of Marine and Freshwater Shrimps (LABCAM), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Titus BM, Daly M, Vondriska C, Hamilton I, Exton DA. Lack of strategic service provisioning by Pederson's cleaner shrimp (Ancylomenes pedersoni) highlights independent evolution of cleaning behaviors between ocean basins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:629. [PMID: 30679712 PMCID: PMC6345747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine cleaning interactions have been useful model systems for exploring evolutionary game theory and explaining the stability of mutualism. In the Indo-Pacific, cleaner organisms will occasionally "cheat" and remove live tissue, clients use partner control mechanisms to maintain cleaner honesty, and cleaners strategically increase service quality for predatory clients that can "punish" more severely. The extent to which reef communities in the Caribbean have evolved similar strategies for maintaining the stability of these symbioses is less clear. Here we study the strategic service provisioning in Pederson's cleaner shrimp (Ancylomenes pedersoni) on Caribbean coral reefs. In the Gulf of Honduras, we use video observations to analyze >1000 cleaning interactions and record >850 incidents of cheating. We demonstrate that A. pedersoni cheat frequently and do not vary their service quality based on client trophic position or cleaner shrimp group size. As a direct analog to the cleaner shrimp A. longicarpus in the Indo-Pacific, our study highlights that although cleaning interactions in both ocean basins are ecologically analogous and result in parasite removal, the strategic behaviors that mediate these interactions have evolved independently in cleaner shrimps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Titus
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA. .,Operation Wallacea, Wallace House, Old Bolingbroke, Spilsby, Lincolnshire, PE23 4EX, UK. .,Division of Invertebrate Zoology, The American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA.
| | - Marymegan Daly
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Clayton Vondriska
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA.,Operation Wallacea, Wallace House, Old Bolingbroke, Spilsby, Lincolnshire, PE23 4EX, UK.,Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, 74267, USA
| | - Ian Hamilton
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Rd, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Dan A Exton
- Operation Wallacea, Wallace House, Old Bolingbroke, Spilsby, Lincolnshire, PE23 4EX, UK
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