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Andrus PS, Joof E, Wade CM. Differentiation of Bulinus senegalensis and Bulinus forskalii Snails in West Africa Using Morphometric Analysis. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:1016-1026. [PMID: 38502474 PMCID: PMC11001693 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accurate identification of medically important intermediate host and vector species is crucial for understanding disease transmission and control. Identifying Bulinus snails which act as intermediate host species for the transmission of schistosomiasis is typically undertaken using conchological and genital morphology as well as molecular methods. METHODS Here, a landmark-based morphometric analysis of shell morphology was undertaken to determine its utility to distinguish the closely related and morphologically similar sister species Bulinus senegalensis and Bulinus forskalii. The method was developed to increase the accuracy of conchological morphology methods to identify Bulinus species in the field. Both species are found in West Africa, but only B. senegalensis is implicated in the transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis. RESULTS We found when scaled down to the same length, 3-whorl and 4-whorl (juvenile) B. senegalensis shells had a longer spire, narrower body whorl and shorter aperture than B. forskalii. In contrast, 5-whorl (adult) B. senegalensis had a shorter spire, but still had a shorter aperture and narrower body whorl than B. forskalii. Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) showed minimal overlap between B. senegalensis and B. forskalii for 3-whorl and 4-whorl shells, with a clear separation for 5-whorl shells. Overall, B. senegalensis had a consistently shorter aperture size and narrower body whorl than B. forskalii for all development stages. Spire length was variable depending on the stage of development, with 3-whorl and 4-whorl shells having the opposite trends of adult shells. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the applicability of landmark-based morphometrics in distinguishing the medically important, Bulinus senegalensis from its morphologically similar sister species, Bulinus forskalii. We recommend using measurements based on spire length, penultimate whorl length, body whorl width and aperture size to differentiate B. senegalensis and B. forskalii, when used with the appropriate information for each shell's development stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Andrus
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ebrima Joof
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher M Wade
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK.
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A novel use of a geometric morphometric technique to distinguish human parasite eggs of twelve different species. Exp Parasitol 2022; 238:108281. [PMID: 35594932 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Copro-microscopic diagnostic methods are the most common approach for screening patients with parasitic infections. However, expertise is required to identify helminthic eggs from fecal specimens. Consequently, new methods are required. Novel technologies have recently been developed for the classification of organisms, including geometric morphometric (GM) approaches. In this study, the outline-based GM approach was used to distinguish the eggs of 12 common human parasite species, including Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, hookworm, Capillaria philippinensis, Opisthorchis spp., Fasciola spp., Paragonimus spp., Schistosoma mekongi, Taenia spp., Hymenolepis diminuta and Hymenolepis nana. The GM analysis revealed that the size cannot be used as the main variable in the identification of parasite species at the egg stage, producing only 30.18% overall accuracy. However, comparisons of shape based on the Mahalanobis distances between pairs of parasite species showed significant differences in all pairs (p < 0.05). The shape analysis produced 84.29% overall accuracy. This is the first time that outline-based GM has been preliminarily confirmed as a valuable approach to support copro-microscopic analysis, in order to effectively screen helminth eggs. However, further studies with a larger set of helminth eggs and artefacts should be carried out to increase confidence in the identification of parasite species in the absence of local experts.
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Morphometric analysis and fluorescent microsatellite markers to evaluate the genetic diversity of five populations of Penaeus japonicus in China. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kantor YI, Fedosov AE, Kosyan AR, Puillandre N, Sorokin PA, Kano Y, Clark R, Bouchet P. Molecular phylogeny and revised classification of the Buccinoidea (Neogastropoda). Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The superfamily Buccinoidea is distributed across the oceans of the world from the Arctic Ocean to the Antarctic and from intertidal to abyssal depths. It encompasses 3351 recent species in 337 genera. The latest taxonomic account recognized eight full families. For the first time, the monophyly of the superfamily and the relationships among the families are tested with molecular data supplemented by anatomical and radula data. Five genetic markers were used: fragments of mitochondrial COI, 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA and nuclear Histone 3 (H3) and 28S rRNA genes (for 225 species of 117 genera). Our analysis recovered Buccinoidea monophyletic in Bayesian analyses. The relationships between the formerly recognized families and subfamilies are drastically revised and a new classification of the superfamily is here proposed, now including 20 taxa of family rank and 23 subfamilies. Five new families (Chauvetiidae, Dolicholatiridae, Eosiphonidae, Prodotiidae and Retimohniidae) and one subfamily of Nassariidae (Tomliniinae) are described. Austrosiphonidae and Tudiclidae are resurrected from synonymy and employed in a new taxonomical extension. All but 40 recent genera are reclassified. Our results demonstrate that anatomy is rather uniform within the superfamily. With exceptions, the rather uniform radular morphology alone does not allow the allocation of genera to a particular family without additional molecular data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri I Kantor
- A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninski prospect, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Correspondants du Muséum, Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles. 57 rue Cuvier, CP 51, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexander E Fedosov
- A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninski prospect, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Correspondants du Muséum, Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles. 57 rue Cuvier, CP 51, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alisa R Kosyan
- A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninski prospect, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nicolas Puillandre
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles. 57 rue Cuvier, CP 51, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pavel A Sorokin
- A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninski prospect, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yasunori Kano
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Roger Clark
- Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta Del Sol, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Philippe Bouchet
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles. 57 rue Cuvier, CP 51, 75005 Paris, France
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dean C. Adams
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Iowa State University Ames IA USA
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Vaux F, Gemmell MR, Hills SFK, Marshall BA, Beu AG, Crampton JS, Trewick SA, Morgan-Richards M. Lineage Identification Affects Estimates of Evolutionary Mode in Marine Snails. Syst Biol 2020; 69:1106-1121. [PMID: 32163159 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study evolutionary pattern and process, we need to be able to accurately identify species and the evolutionary lineages from which they are derived. Determining the concordance between genetic and morphological variation of living populations, and then directly comparing extant and fossil morphological data, provides a robust approach for improving our identification of lineages through time. We investigate genetic and shell morphological variation in extant species of Penion marine snails from New Zealand, and extend this analysis into deep time using fossils. We find that genetic and morphological variation identify similar patterns and support most currently recognized extant species. However, some taxonomic over-splitting is detected due to shell size being a poor trait for species delimitation, and we identify incorrect assignment of some fossil specimens. We infer that a single evolutionary lineage (Penion sulcatus) has existed for 22 myr, with most aspects of shell shape and shell size evolving under a random walk. However, by removing samples previously classified as the extinct species P. marwicki, we instead detect morphological stasis for one axis of shell shape variation. This result demonstrates how lineage identification can change our perception of evolutionary pattern and process. [Genotyping by sequencing; geometric morphometrics; morphological evolution; Neogastropoda; phenotype; speciation; stasis.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Vaux
- Wildlife and Ecology Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.,Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, 2030 SE Marine Science Dr, Newport, OR 97365, USA.,Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Michael R Gemmell
- Wildlife and Ecology Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Simon F K Hills
- Wildlife and Ecology Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Bruce A Marshall
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alan G Beu
- GNS Science, PO Box 30-368, Lower Hutt 5011, New Zealand
| | - James S Crampton
- School of Geography, Environment & Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Steven A Trewick
- Wildlife and Ecology Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Wildlife and Ecology Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
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Gemmell MR, Trewick SA, Crampton JS, Vaux F, Hills SFK, Daly EE, Marshall BA, Beu AG, Morgan-Richards M. Genetic structure and shell shape variation within a rocky shore whelk suggest both diverging and constraining selection with gene flow. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Gemmell
- Ecology Group, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Steven A Trewick
- Ecology Group, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - James S Crampton
- GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
- School of Geography, Environment & Earth Sciences, Victoria University, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Felix Vaux
- Ecology Group, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Simon F K Hills
- Ecology Group, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth E Daly
- Ecology Group, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Bruce A Marshall
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Ecology Group, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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