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Baptista L, Fassio G, Gofas S, Oliverio M, P Ávila S, M Santos A. Evaluating the taxonomic status of the large sized Tricolia Risso, 1826 in the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023:107857. [PMID: 37315708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite a long history of taxonomic studies on the genus Tricolia Risso, 1826, there is a shortfall on thorough systematic molecular reviews of the taxon from the NE Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. Aiming to assess the genetic distinctness among morphospecies and the taxonomic status of currently accepted large sized species in these areas, we conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus based on one mitochondrial (cox1) and two nuclear (28S and ITS2) markers. Seven Tricolia species were consistently retrieved in the analyses, including a new genetic lineage in the NE Atlantic designated as Tricolia sp. 1. Molecular analyses revealed that only one species, T. azorica, occurs in the NE Atlantic archipelagos. The sister taxa T. pullus (Mediterranean) and T. picta (NE Atlantic) should be classified as distinct species, instead of subspecies of the T. pullus group (sensu Gofas 1982). Tricolia miniata is also a complex of species in the Mediterranean and future studies across the distribution range are necessary to clarify its status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Baptista
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal; MPB-Marine Palaeontology and Biogeography Lab, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; UNESCO Chair - Land Within Sea: Biodiversity & Sustainability in Atlantic Islands, Universidade dos Açores, R. Mãe de Deus 13A, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Giulia Fassio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale dell'Università 32, I-00185, Rome, Italy and NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Serge Gofas
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de MálagaE-29071 Málaga, Spain; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Marco Oliverio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale dell'Università 32, I-00185, Rome, Italy and NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Sérgio P Ávila
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal; MPB-Marine Palaeontology and Biogeography Lab, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; UNESCO Chair - Land Within Sea: Biodiversity & Sustainability in Atlantic Islands, Universidade dos Açores, R. Mãe de Deus 13A, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
| | - António M Santos
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, no. 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
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2
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The Utilityof 28S rDNA for Barcoding of Freshwater Sponges (Porifera, Spongillida). DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sponges (Porifera, Spongillida) make up the bulk of the benthic biomass in Lake Baikal and are represented by the family Lubomirskiidae, a collection of endemic species, and several species of the cosmopolitan family Spongillidae. We conducted an analysis of the D3 domain of the 28S rDNA of 16 freshwater sponge species. Based on molecular data, we were able to identify all of the collected Spongillidae specimens whose identification was difficult due to the lack of gemmules. Phylogenetic trees have shown that Ephydatia muelleri, Spongilla lacustris, and Eunapius fragilis formed monophyletic clades, and the D3 domain of the 28S rDNA can be used for their DNA barcoding. For the Baikal sponges, the use of this marker is important since the gemmule-less Spongillidae and Lubomirskiidae are, in some cases, indistinguishable from each other in morphology. The 28S rDNA has been shown to be useful for family and species-level identification of freshwater sponges within the Spongillida.
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Fassio G, Stefani M, Russini V, Buge B, Bouchet P, Treneman N, Malaquias MAE, Schiaparelli S, Modica MV, Oliverio M. Neither slugs nor snails: a molecular reappraisal of the gastropod family Velutinidae. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The systematics of the marine mollusc family Velutinidae has long been neglected by taxonomists, mainly because their often internal and fragile shells offer no morphological characters. Velutinids are usually undersampled owing to their cryptic mantle coloration on the solitary, social or colonial ascidians on which they feed and lay eggs. In this study, we address the worldwide diversity and phylogeny of Velutinidae based on the largest molecular dataset (313 specimens) to date, accounting for > 50% of the currently accepted genera, coupled with morphological and ecological data. Velutinids emerge as a diverse group, encompassing four independent subfamily-level lineages, two of which are newly described herein: Marseniopsinae subfam. nov. and Hainotinae subfam. nov. High diversity was found at genus and species levels, with two newly described genera (Variolipallium gen. nov. and Pacifica gen. nov.) and ≥ 86 species in the assayed dataset, 58 of which are new to science (67%). Velutinidae show a remarkable morphological plasticity in shell morphology, mantle extension and chromatic patterns. This variability is likely to be the result of different selective forces, including habitat, depth and trophic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fassio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza University of Rome , Viale dell’Universitá 32, 00185 Rome , Italy
| | - Matteo Stefani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza University of Rome , Viale dell’Universitá 32, 00185 Rome , Italy
| | - Valeria Russini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza University of Rome , Viale dell’Universitá 32, 00185 Rome , Italy
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana ‘M. Aleandri’ , Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome , Italy
| | - Barbara Buge
- Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Direction des Collections , 55, Rue de Buffon, 75005 Paris , France
| | - Philippe Bouchet
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205 (CNRS, EPHE, MNHN, UPMC), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités , 43 Rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05 , France
| | - Nancy Treneman
- Oregon Institute of Marine Biology , POB 5389, 63466 Boat Basin Road, Charleston, OR 97420 , USA
| | | | - Stefano Schiaparelli
- DiSTAV, University of Genoa , Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa , Italy
- Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, Section of Genoa) , Viale Benedetto XV n. 5, 16132 Genoa , Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Modica
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn , Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples , Italy
| | - Marco Oliverio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza University of Rome , Viale dell’Universitá 32, 00185 Rome , Italy
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Cowart DA, Schiaparelli S, Alvaro MC, Cecchetto M, Le Port AS, Jollivet D, Hourdez S. Origin, diversity, and biogeography of Antarctic scale worms (Polychaeta: Polynoidae): a wide-scale barcoding approach. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9093. [PMID: 35866013 PMCID: PMC9288932 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Antarctic marine environment hosts diversified and highly endemic benthos owing to its unique geologic and climatic history. Current warming trends have increased the urgency of understanding Antarctic species history to predict how environmental changes will impact ecosystem functioning. Antarctic benthic lineages have traditionally been examined under three hypotheses: (1) high endemism and local radiation, (2) emergence of deep‐sea taxa through thermohaline circulation, and (3) species migrations across the Polar Front. In this study, we investigated which hypotheses best describe benthic invertebrate origins by examining Antarctic scale worms (Polynoidae). We amassed 691 polynoid sequences from the Southern Ocean and neighboring areas: the Kerguelen and Tierra del Fuego (South America) archipelagos, the Indian Ocean, and waters around New Zealand. We performed phylogenetic reconstructions to identify lineages across geographic regions, aided by mitochondrial markers cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (Cox1) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S). Additionally, we produced haplotype networks at the species scale to examine genetic diversity, biogeographic separations, and past demography. The Cox1 dataset provided the most illuminating insights into the evolution of polynoids, with a total of 36 lineages identified. Eunoe sp. was present at Tierra del Fuego and Kerguelen, in favor of the latter acting as a migration crossroads. Harmothoe fuligineum, widespread around the Antarctic continent, was also present but isolated at Kerguelen, possibly resulting from historical freeze–thaw cycles. The genus Polyeunoa appears to have diversified prior to colonizing the continent, leading to the co‐occurrence of at least three cryptic species around the Southern and Indian Oceans. Analyses identified that nearly all populations are presently expanding following a bottleneck event, possibly caused by habitat reduction from the last glacial episodes. Findings support multiple origins for contemporary Antarctic polynoids, and some species investigated here provide information on ancestral scenarios of (re)colonization. First, it is apparent that species collected from the Antarctic continent are endemic, as the absence of closely related species in the Kerguelen and Tierra del Fuego datasets for most lineages argues in favor of Hypothesis 1 of local origin. Next, Eunoe sp. and H. fuligineum, however, support the possibility of Kerguelen and other sub‐Antarctic islands acting as a crossroads for larvae of some species, in support of Hypothesis 3. Finally, the genus Polyeunoa, conversely, is found at depths greater than 150 m and may have a deep origin, in line with Hypothesis 2. These “non endemic” groups, nevertheless, have a distribution that is either north or south of the Antarctic Polar Front, indicating that there is still a barrier to dispersal, even in the deep sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique A Cowart
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign Urbana Illinois USA.,Company for Open Ocean Observations and Logging (COOOL) La Réunion France
| | - Stefano Schiaparelli
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science (DiSTAV) University of Genoa Genoa Italy.,Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, Section of Genoa) University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Alvaro
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science (DiSTAV) University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - Matteo Cecchetto
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science (DiSTAV) University of Genoa Genoa Italy.,Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, Section of Genoa) University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - Anne-Sophie Le Port
- CNRS UMR 7144 'Adaptation et Diversité en Milieux Marins' (AD2M) Team 'Dynamique de la Diversité Marine' (DyDiv), Station Biologique de Roscoff Sorbonne Université Roscoff France
| | - Didier Jollivet
- CNRS UMR 7144 'Adaptation et Diversité en Milieux Marins' (AD2M) Team 'Dynamique de la Diversité Marine' (DyDiv), Station Biologique de Roscoff Sorbonne Université Roscoff France
| | - Stephane Hourdez
- CNRS UMR 7144 'Adaptation et Diversité en Milieux Marins' (AD2M) Team 'Dynamique de la Diversité Marine' (DyDiv), Station Biologique de Roscoff Sorbonne Université Roscoff France.,Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls UMR 8222 CNRS-Sorbonne Université Banyuls-sur-mer France
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Moles J, Derkarabetian S, Schiaparelli S, Schrödl M, Troncoso JS, Wilson NG, Giribet G. An approach using ddRADseq and machine learning for understanding speciation in Antarctic Antarctophilinidae gastropods. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8473. [PMID: 33875688 PMCID: PMC8055997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sampling impediments and paucity of suitable material for molecular analyses have precluded the study of speciation and radiation of deep-sea species in Antarctica. We analyzed barcodes together with genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms obtained from double digestion restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) for species in the family Antarctophilinidae. We also reevaluated the fossil record associated with this taxon to provide further insights into the origin of the group. Novel approaches to identify distinctive genetic lineages, including unsupervised machine learning variational autoencoder plots, were used to establish species hypothesis frameworks. In this sense, three undescribed species and a complex of cryptic species were identified, suggesting allopatric speciation connected to geographic or bathymetric isolation. We further observed that the shallow waters around the Scotia Arc and on the continental shelf in the Weddell Sea present high endemism and diversity. In contrast, likely due to the glacial pressure during the Cenozoic, a deep-sea group with fewer species emerged expanding over great areas in the South-Atlantic Antarctic Ridge. Our study agrees on how diachronic paleoclimatic and current environmental factors shaped Antarctic communities both at the shallow and deep-sea levels, promoting Antarctica as the center of origin for numerous taxa such as gastropod mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Moles
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstrasse 21, 81247, Munich, Germany.
- Biozentrum Ludwig Maximilians University and GeoBio-Center LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Shahan Derkarabetian
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Stefano Schiaparelli
- DiSTAV, University of Genoa, C.so Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, Section of Genoa), Viale Benedetto XV n. 5, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michael Schrödl
- SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstrasse 21, 81247, Munich, Germany
- Biozentrum Ludwig Maximilians University and GeoBio-Center LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jesús S Troncoso
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36200, Vigo, Spain
| | - Nerida G Wilson
- Collections and Research, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool DC, Locked Bag 49, Perth, WA, 6986, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Gonzalo Giribet
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Orange is the new white: taxonomic revision of Tritonia species (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) from the Weddell Sea and Bouvet Island. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02813-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAmong nudibranch molluscs, the family Tritoniidae gathers taxa with an uncertain phylogenetic position, such as some species of the genus Tritonia Cuvier, 1798. Currently, 37 valid species belong to this genus and only three of them are found in the Southern Ocean, namely T. challengeriana Bergh, 1884, T. dantarti Ballesteros & Avila, 2006, and T. vorax (Odhner, 1926). In this study, we shed light on the long-term discussed systematics and taxonomy of Antarctic Tritonia species using morpho-anatomical and molecular techniques. Samples from the Weddell Sea and Bouvet Island were dissected and prepared for scanning electron microscopy. The three molecular markers COI, 16S, and H3 were sequenced and analysed through maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods. The phylogenetic analyses and species delimitation tests clearly distinguished two species, T. challengeriana widely spread in the Southern Ocean and T. dantarti endemic to Bouvet Island. Colouration seems to be an unreliable character to differentiate among species since molecular data revealed both species can either have orange or white colour morphotypes. This variability could be explained by pigment sequestration from the soft coral species they feed on. Morphological analyses reveal differences between Antarctic and Magellanic specimens of T. challengeriana. However, the relationship between T. challengeriana specimens from these two regions remains still unclear due to the lack of molecular data. Therefore, the validity of the T. antarctica Martens & Pfeffer, 1886, exclusively found in Antarctic waters requires further systematic work.
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