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Kim DU, Kim J, Bae H, Kim T, Lee J, Lee IO, Noh J, Khim JS. Changes in limpet diet according to habitat type. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 207:116826. [PMID: 39126777 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Limpets are a key taxon regulating the benthic community structure and serving as prey for various predators in rocky shores, however, their role in food web dynamics is still unclear. To determine environmental factors influencing the limpet diet, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in limpets and food sources were analyzed on three different coastal habitats. Sediment organic matter contributed the most (86 %) to the limpet diet in bedrocks around tidal flats with abundant sediment supply from the terrestrial matter inflow and the sediment resuspension. Microphytobenthos and macroalgae were the main food sources (57 % and 20 %, respectively) for the limpets around beaches, where benthic flora was abundant. Limpets in bedrocks, erosional habitat, primarily consumed relatively abundant phytoplankton (33 %) and microphytobenthos (28 %). Contrary to previous studies, habitat type, rather than latitude or seawater characteristics, was the most important factor determining the limpet diet. This result also suggests that limpets are non-selective scraper that consume abundant food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-U Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsoo Kim
- Korea Fisheries Resources Agency, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Bae
- Geosystem Research Corporation, Gyeonggi-do 15807, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ok Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsung Noh
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Photographic Checklist, DNA Barcoding, and New Species of Sea Slugs and Snails from the Faafu Atoll, Maldives (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia and Vetigastropoda). DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Baseline biodiversity data are key for ecological and evolutionary studies and are especially relevant for areas such as the Maldivian Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, which can act as a stepping-stone for the transport of widely distributed marine species. We surveyed the islands and reefs of the Faafu and Malé Atolls with snorkeling and scuba diving, collecting the two gastropod subclasses, Heterobranchia and Vetigastropoda. Our inventory comprises 104 species photographed alive to create an identification guide. We also provide COI barcodes for most species, adding novel sequence data for the Maldivian malacofauna. Half of our species represent new records for the Maldives, emphasizing how much diversity remains to be discovered. Species distributions reflect ecological rarity, with almost 60% of taxa only found in one site. We also compiled a comprehensive checklist of heterobranchs and vetigastropods of the Maldives based on literature records, resulting in 320 species, which, together with barcoding data, indicate several potential cryptic species in the Indo-Pacific. Six new species are described, the nudibranchs Limenandra evanescenti n. sp., Eubranchus putnami n. sp., Sakuraeolis marhe n. sp., Moridilla maldivensis n. sp., Tergiposacca perspicua n. sp., and the sacoglossan Costasiella fridae n. sp.
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Machordom A, Ahyong ST, Andreakis N, Baba K, Buckley D, García-Jiménez R, McCallum AW, Rodríguez-Flores PC, Macpherson E. Deconstructing the crustacean squat lobster genus. INVERTEBR SYST 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/is22013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Unravelling the evolutionary history of taxa requires solid delimitation of the traits characterising these. This can be challenging especially in groups with a highly complex taxonomy. The squat lobster family Munididae contains more than 450 species distributed among 21 genera, Munida being the most speciose (~300 species). Previous phylogenetic studies, based on a small part of the diversity of the group, have suggested polyphyletic origins for Munida and the paraphyly of Munididae. Here, we use an integrative approach based on multi-locus phylogenies (two mitochondrial and three nuclear markers) paired with 120 morphological characters, to resolve taxonomic and evolutionary relationships within Munididae. Our study covers ~60% of the family’s known diversity (over 800 specimens of 291 species belonging to 19 of the 21 genera collected from the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans). Using this information, we confirm the validity of most genera, proposing new ones in cases where the genetic analyses are compatible with morphological characters. Four well-defined munidid clades were recovered, suggesting that new genera should be erected in the currently recognised Munididae (three for the genus Agononida and eleven in Munida), and the genus Grimothea is resurrected. A key to all genera of the family is presented. Molecular clock estimates and ancestral biogeographic area reconstructions complement the taxonomic profiles and suggest some explosive diversification within Munididae during the Cretaceous and the Palaeogene. Further anagenetic events and narrow sympatry accounting for changes in distribution indicate a more limited dispersal capacity than previously considered. Our study unravels how diversification may occur in deep waters and further highlights the importance of the integrative approach in accurately delineating species in understanding the history of a family and the factors driving the evolution. ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:16A61C4A-8D96-4372-820F-8EBDF179B43C
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Chen Z, Schrödl M. How many single-copy orthologous genes from whole genomes reveal deep gastropod relationships? PeerJ 2022; 10:e13285. [PMID: 35497189 PMCID: PMC9048639 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gastropoda contains 80% of existing mollusks and is the most diverse animal class second only to the Insecta. However, the deep phylogeny of gastropods has been controversial for a long time. Especially the position of Patellogastropoda is a major uncertainty. Morphology and some mitochondria studies concluded that Patellogastropoda is likely to be sister to all other gastropods (Orthogastropoda hypothesis), while transcriptomic and other mitogenomic studies indicated that Patellogastropoda and Vetigastropoda are sister taxa (Psilogastropoda). With the release of high-quality genomes, orthologous genes can be better identified and serve as powerful candidates for phylogenetic analysis. The question is, given the current limitations on the taxon sampling side, how many markers are needed to provide robust results. Here, we identified single-copy orthologous genes (SOGs) from 14 gastropods species with whole genomes available which cover five main gastropod subclasses. We generated different datasets from 395 to 1610 SOGs by allowing species missing in different levels. We constructed gene trees of each SOG, and inferred species trees from different collections of gene trees. We found as the number of SOGs increased, the inferred topology changed from Patellogastropoda being sister to all other gastropods to Patellogastropoda being sister to Vetigastropoda + Neomphalina (Psilogastropoda s.l.), with considerable support. Our study thus rejects the Orthogastropoda concept showing that the selection of the representative species and use of sufficient informative sites greatly influence the analysis of deep gastropod phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Chen
- Mollusca, SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich, Bavaria, Germany,Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Michael Schrödl
- Mollusca, SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich, Bavaria, Germany,Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Bavaria, Germany,GeoBio-Center LMU, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
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OUP accepted manuscript. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cunha TJ, Reimer JD, Giribet G. Investigating Sources of Conflict in Deep Phylogenomics of Vetigastropod Snails. Syst Biol 2021; 71:1009-1022. [PMID: 34469579 PMCID: PMC9249062 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses may suffer from multiple sources of error leading to conflict
between genes and methods of inference. The evolutionary history of the mollusc clade
Vetigastropoda makes them susceptible to these conflicts, their higher level phylogeny
remaining largely unresolved. Originating over 350 Ma, vetigastropods were the dominant
marine snails in the Paleozoic. Multiple extinction events and new radiations have
resulted in both very long and very short branches and a large extant diversity of over
4000 species. This is the perfect setting of a hard phylogenetic question in which sources
of conflict can be explored. We present 41 new transcriptomes across the diversity of
vetigastropods (62 terminals total), and provide the first genomic-scale phylogeny for the
group. We find that deep divergences differ from previous studies in which long branch
attraction was likely pervasive. Robust results leading to changes in taxonomy include the
paraphyly of the order Lepetellida and the family Tegulidae. Tectinae subfam.
nov. is designated for the clade comprising Tectus, Cittarium,
and Rochia. For two early divergences, topologies disagreed between
concatenated analyses using site heterogeneous models versus concatenated partitioned
analyses and summary coalescent methods. We investigated rate and composition
heterogeneity among genes, as well as missing data by locus and by taxon, none of which
had an impact on the inferred topologies. We also found no evidence for ancient
introgression throughout the phylogeny. We further tested whether uninformative genes and
over-partitioning were responsible for this discordance by evaluating the phylogenetic
signal of individual genes using likelihood mapping, and by analyzing the most informative
genes with a full multispecies coalescent (MSC) model. We find that most genes are not
informative at the two conflicting nodes, but neither this nor gene-wise partitioning are
the cause of discordant results. New method implementations that simultaneously integrate
amino acid profile mixture models and the MSC might be necessary to resolve these and
other recalcitrant nodes in the Tree of Life. [Fissurellidae; Haliotidae; likelihood
mapping; multispecies coalescent; phylogenetic signal; phylogenomic conflict; site
heterogeneity; Trochoidea.]
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauana Junqueira Cunha
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge MA 02138, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - James Davis Reimer
- Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.,Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Gonzalo Giribet
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge MA 02138, USA
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