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Page LM, Tangjitjaroen W, Limpichat J, Randall ZS, Boyd DA, Tongnunui S, Pfeiffer JM. A taxonomic revision of Parachela with descriptions of two new species (Cypriniformes: Xenocyprididae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39300770 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
The taxonomy of the Parachela-Oxygaster-Macrochirichthys clade of Xenocyprididae has been confused since the original descriptions of Parachela oxygastroides and Parachela hypophthalmus in the mid-19th century. The confusion seems attributable to the substantial intraspecific variation in color and other morphological characteristics of species of Oxygaster and Parachela. Morphological data on 401 specimens from throughout the range of Parachela and molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that six available species names for Parachela are valid: Parachela cyanea, P. hypophthalmus, Parachela ingerkongi, Parachela johorensis (removed from the synonymy of P. oxygastroides), P. oxygastroides, and Parachela williaminae. In addition, two new species of Parachela, Parachela melanosticta and Parachela microlepis, are described. Chela pointoni is a synonym of P. oxygastroides, not a valid species of Oxygaster as previously hypothesized, and Parachela maculicauda is a synonym of Parachela johorensis. Considerable morphological and genetic variation is present in all well-sampled species of Parachela.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Page
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Zachary S Randall
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - David A Boyd
- Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sampan Tongnunui
- Department of Conservation Biology, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi, Thailand
| | - John M Pfeiffer
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
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Using Species Groups to Approach the Large and Taxonomically Unresolved Freshwater Fish Family Nemacheilidae (Teleostei: Cypriniformes). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020175. [PMID: 35205042 PMCID: PMC8869502 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Large animal families with unresolved taxonomy are notoriously difficult to handle with respect to their biodiversity, systematics, and evolutionary history. We approach a large and taxonomically unresolved family of freshwater fishes (Nemacheilidae, >600 species) by proposing, on the basis of morphologic data, a species group within the family and study its phylogeny with conclusions regarding its diversity, taxonomy, and biogeographic history. Phylogenetic analyses of two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes of 139 specimens, representing about 46 species (17 candidate species from the proposed species-group, plus 29 comparative species), revealed that the proposed species group does not form a distinct monophyletic lineage, but that the candidate and comparative species mixed in three different lineages. However, the results revealed more than 20% of undescribed species within the ingroup and showed that species do not cluster according to the presently recognised genera. At least one of the genetic clades shows signs of an eastward range expansion during the second half of Miocene from north India via Myanmar into Laos, western China, and western Thailand. We conclude that the approach of picking monophyletic lineages to study biodiversity, systematics, and evolutionary history helps to open the door to large animal families.
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Sudasinghe H, Dahanukar N, Raghavan R, Senavirathna T, Shewale DJ, Paingankar MS, Amarasinghe A, Pethiyagoda R, Rüber L, Meegaskumbura M. Island colonization by a ‘rheophilic’ fish: the phylogeography of Garra ceylonensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Sri Lanka. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite exhibiting multiple morphological adaptations to living in swiftly flowing water (rheophily), Garra ceylonensis is one of the most widely distributed freshwater fish in Sri Lanka. It is thus an ideal organism to reconstruct the evolutionary history of a widespread, yet morphologically specialized, freshwater fish in a tropical-island setting. We analysed the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships of G. ceylonensis based on two mitochondrial and one nuclear genes. G. ceylonensis is shown to be monophyletic, with a sister-group relationship to the Indian species Garra mullya. Our results suggest a single colonization of Sri Lanka by ancestral Garra, in the late Pliocene. This suggests that the Palk Isthmus, which was exposed for most of the Pleistocene, had a hydroclimate unsuited to the dispersal of fishes such as Garra. G. ceylonensis exhibits strong phylogeographic structure: six subclades are distributed as genetically distinct populations in clusters of contiguous river basins, albeit with two exceptions. Our data reveal one or more Pleistocene extirpation events, evidently driven by aridification, with relict populations subsequently re-colonizing the island. The phylogeographic structure of G. ceylonensis suggests inter-basin dispersal largely through headwater capture, likely facilitated by free-swimming post-larvae. The Peninsular-Indian species G. mullya comprises two genetically distinct parapatric clades, which may represent distinct species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiranya Sudasinghe
- Evolutionary Ecology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Neelesh Dahanukar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
| | - Rajeev Raghavan
- Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS), Kochi, India
| | - Tharani Senavirathna
- Evolutionary Ecology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Anjalie Amarasinghe
- Evolutionary Ecology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Lukas Rüber
- Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Bernastrasse, Bern, Switzerland
- Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Madhava Meegaskumbura
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology & Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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Šlechtová V, Musilova Z, Tan HH, Kottelat M, Bohlen J. One northward, one southward: Contrasting biogeographical history in two benthic freshwater fish genera across Southeast Asia (Teleostei: Cobitoidea: Nemacheilus, Pangio). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 161:107139. [PMID: 33711445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Southeast Asia is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots, and the high level of diversity and endemism was reached by colonisation events as well as internal diversification. We investigate the phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of the loach genus Nemacheilus, which is widely distributed and common across freshwaters of Southeast Asia. In addition we present the ancestral range reconstruction of the related loach genus Pangio that commonly occurs in the same region as Nemacheilus. Our results reveal that the species currently classified as Nemacheilus in fact are a polyphyletic assemblage; most species are now retaining in a monophyletic Nemacheilus sensu stricto and five species belong to different lineages. We further indicate the existence of hidden diversity within Nemacheilus in the form of several undescribed species. Three major clades (Selangoricus, Masyae and Ornatus) are found within the genus Nemacheilus sensu stricto. These clades generally correspond to the species groups formerly defined on the basis of their pigmentation pattern. The biogeographic analyses show that Nemacheilus most likely originated in mainland Southeast Asia and subsequently expanded in a southward direction to Borneo, Sumatra and Java and the southern Malay Peninsula. In contrast, the genus Pangio originated in Sundaland, from where it extended several times northwards into Indochina and to northern India. Our results demonstrate that small freshwater fishes with restricted dispersal ability are very helpful for the reconstruction of biogeographic history. The contrasting biogeographic history of these two groups of small, benthic and related fish show how complex and case-specific the processes that lead to the biodiversity richness of Southeast Asia are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vendula Šlechtová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Musilova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Heok Hui Tan
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maurice Kottelat
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Rue des Rauraques 6, 2800 Delémont, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Bohlen
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic
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A New Limnonectes (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Southern Thailand. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020566. [PMID: 33671629 PMCID: PMC7926908 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary New species of frogs continue to be discovered at a rapid rate in Southeast Asia, often as a result of reexamining populations of geographically widespread species using new molecular and bioacoustic tools. Here, we show that members of the fanged frog genus Limnonectes from Ko Pha-ngan, Ko Samui, and Ko Lanta Yai Islands in southern Thailand can be distinguished from the morphologically similar species Limnonectes doriae in molecular, advertisement call, morphometric, and qualitative morphological characters. On the basis of these multiple lines of evidence, we describe the insular populations in southern Thailand as a new species, Limnonectes pseudodoriae sp. nov. The new species occurs near small streams in low to mid-elevation forests and breeds in terrestrial nests consisting of moist, clay depressions in which the eggs and larvae develop. Abstract A new species in the dicroglossid frog genus Limnonectes is described from Ko Pha-ngan, Ko Samui, and Ko Lanta Yai Islands in southern Thailand. Males of Limnonectes pseudodoriae sp. nov. lack a caruncle on top of the head and very closely resemble L. doriae (Boulenger, 1887) from Myanmar and western and southern Thailand. However, the new species is distinguished from L. doriae and its congeners using an integrative taxonomic approach of morphology, mitochondrial DNA, and bioacoustics. Limnonectes pseudodoriae sp. nov. differs from L. doriae and its congeners by having a unique combination of morphological characters, including body size; skin texture of the interorbital region, dorsum, and shank; toe webbing; relative size of the inner metatarsal tubercle; and coloration of the tympanum, venter, and ova. The advertisement call of the new species is also readily differentiated from that of L. doriae in temporal parameters. Limnonectes pseudodoriae sp. nov. is highly divergent in mitochondrial DNA from L. doriae and its congeners, but its phylogenetic position within the genus is not resolved. The natural history of the new species is presented, and the geographic range of L. doriae in Thailand is clarified.
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Pfeiffer JM, Graf DL, Cummings KS, Page LM. Taxonomic revision of a radiation of South-east Asian freshwater mussels (Unionidae : Gonideinae : Contradentini+Rectidentini). INVERTEBR SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/is20044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The tribes Contradentini and Rectidentini (Unionidae) comprise a diverse clade of freshwater mussels endemic to South-east Asia. Our understanding of the diversity and phylogeny of this radiation has improved dramatically in recent years, but this systematic transformation has not yet benefited from comprehensive museum sampling or phylogenomic methods. A synthetic taxonomic revision of the Contradentini+Rectidentini that leverages these useful and accessible methods is needed. We set out to (1) generate a phylogenomic reconstruction of the supraspecific relationships of the Contradentini+Rectidentini using anchored hybrid enrichment, (2) revise the taxonomy and geographic boundaries of the generic and species-level diversity of the radiation, and (3) identify patterns of freshwater mussel diversity and distribution in this clade and discuss the processes that may have precipitated them. Our phylogenomic reconstruction using over 1600 loci, with a total alignment length of over a half a million nucleotides, recovers a well supported phylogeny of the clade that resolves four independent multispecies radiations endemic to the Mekong drainage. We examined, digitised, and imaged 1837 records from 15 natural history museums that provided the necessary data to document the morphological variation and geographic distributions of the focal taxa. We also analysed 860 COI sequences, 519 of which were generated in this study, to better understand the species boundaries and geographic distributions of the recovered clades. We recognise 54 valid species in the tribes Contradentini and Rectidentini, including 9 described herein as new to science. Out of this revision emerged several interesting biogeographic patterns that appear to have resulted from recent stream capture, historical confluence, and intradrainage barriers to dispersal. We hypothesise that these phenomena shaped the diversity and distribution of the Contradentini+Rectidentini, contributing to the formation of several characteristic freshwater mussel provinces in South-east Asia.
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Bohlen J, Dvořák T, Šlechta V, Šlechtová V. Resolving an unnoticed diversity within the Schistura robertsi species complex (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) using molecules and morphology. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 151:106894. [PMID: 32562824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Schistura robertsi species complex is a group of freshwater fish inhabiting streams in southeast Myanmar as well as in western and southern Thailand. In southern Thailand, the distribution exceeds the biogeographically important 'Surat Thani - Krabi line'. The complex is believed to include five described and one undescribed species, but monophyly and systematics of the group have never been studied explicitly. The present study aims to resolve the number of species within the Schistura robertsi group as well as their distribution areas and phylogenetic relations. We analysed mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data of 86 specimens from 47 localities and 18 morphological characters of 193 specimens. The phylogenetic analyses revealed the S. robertsi complex to be monophyletic and to be composed of ten major lineages. Six of them correspond to the known described or undescribed species, but another four newly identified clades reveal the existence of an overlooked diversity within the group. All genetic lineages are statistically highly supported and all are morphologically diagnosable, suggesting that they represent distinct species. The distribution areas of several clades overlap, the cases of direct co-occurrence show no sign of hybridisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Bohlen
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Science, Liběchov, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Dvořák
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Science, Liběchov, Czech Republic; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Šlechta
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Science, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Šlechtová
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Science, Liběchov, Czech Republic
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