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Drewinski MP, Corrêa-Santos MP, Lima VX, Lima FT, Palacio M, Borges MEA, Trierveiler-Pereira L, Magnago AC, Furtado ANM, Lenz AR, Silva-Filho AGS, Nascimento CC, Alvarenga RLM, Gibertoni TB, Oliveira JJS, Baltazar JM, Neves MA, Vargas-Isla R, Ishikawa NK, Menolli N. Over 400 food resources from Brazil: evidence-based records of wild edible mushrooms. IMA Fungus 2024; 15:40. [PMID: 39673069 PMCID: PMC11639120 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-024-00171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 11/21/2024] [Indexed: 12/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Many species of mushroom-forming fungi have been harvested in the wild and used for food and medicine for thousands of years. In Brazil, the knowledge of the diversity of wild edible mushrooms remains scattered and poorly studied. Based on new samples, bibliographic records revision, and searches through the GenBank, we recorded 409 species of wild edible mushrooms in Brazil, of which 350 can be safely consumed and 59 are edible but with conditions. Additionally, other 150 species represent taxa with unclear evidence of consumption or unconfirmed edibility status. A total of 86 of the 409 edible species represents consistent records in Brazil based on molecular data and/or Brazilian nomenclatural types. Other 323 names represent species that need further taxonomic investigations to confirm their identity and occurrence in the country, with 41 of them having some record of consumption by part of the Brazilian population. The remaining 282 species can represent new food resources for the country. We generated 143 DNA sequences, representing 40 species within 29 genera. Edible mushrooms are an important non-wood forest product and the knowledge about them adds value to the local biodiversity and the population, increasing the incentive to conservation allied to sustainable rural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P Drewinski
- IFungiLab, Subárea de Biologia, Departamento de Ciências da Natureza E Matemática, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, Campus São Paulo, Rua Pedro Vicente 625, São Paulo, SP, 01109-010, Brazil.
- Núcleo de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu, Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-012, Brazil.
| | - Marina Pires Corrêa-Santos
- IFungiLab, Subárea de Biologia, Departamento de Ciências da Natureza E Matemática, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, Campus São Paulo, Rua Pedro Vicente 625, São Paulo, SP, 01109-010, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu, Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-012, Brazil
| | - Vitor X Lima
- Centro de Biociências (CB), Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia, S/N - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-600, Brazil
| | - Felipe T Lima
- Centro de Biociências (CB), Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia, S/N - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-600, Brazil
| | - Melissa Palacio
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43.433, Campus Do Vale, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda A Borges
- Algas e Plantas, Laboratório de Micologia (MICOLAB-UFSC), Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, S/nº, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Trierveiler-Pereira
- Laboratório de Estudos Micológicos (LEMic-UFSCar), Centro de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Lagoa Do Sino, Buri, SP, Brazil
| | - Altielys C Magnago
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Ariadne N M Furtado
- Laboratório de Genética Evolutiva Paulo Leminski, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R Lenz
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Bioinformática e Biologia Computacional (G2BC), Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Campus I, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G S Silva-Filho
- Núcleo de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu, Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-012, Brazil
| | - Cristiano C Nascimento
- IFungiLab, Subárea de Biologia, Departamento de Ciências da Natureza E Matemática, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, Campus São Paulo, Rua Pedro Vicente 625, São Paulo, SP, 01109-010, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu, Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-012, Brazil
| | - Renato L M Alvarenga
- Centro de Biociências (CB), Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia, S/N - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-600, Brazil
| | - Tatiana B Gibertoni
- Centro de Biociências (CB), Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia, S/N - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-600, Brazil
| | - Jadson J S Oliveira
- Divisão do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo 2936, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Juliano M Baltazar
- Laboratório de Estudos Micológicos (LEMic-UFSCar), Centro de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Lagoa Do Sino, Buri, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Neves
- Algas e Plantas, Laboratório de Micologia (MICOLAB-UFSC), Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, S/nº, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ruby Vargas-Isla
- Grupo de Pesquisa Cogumelos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade (COBIO), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Noemia K Ishikawa
- Grupo de Pesquisa Cogumelos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Biodiversidade (COBIO), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus, AM, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Nelson Menolli
- IFungiLab, Subárea de Biologia, Departamento de Ciências da Natureza E Matemática, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, Campus São Paulo, Rua Pedro Vicente 625, São Paulo, SP, 01109-010, Brazil.
- Núcleo de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu, Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-012, Brazil.
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Lu DS, Peris D, Sønstebø JH, James TY, Rieseberg LH, Maurice S, Kauserud H, Ravinet M, Skrede I. Reticulate evolution and rapid development of reproductive barriers upon secondary contact in a forest fungus. Curr Biol 2024; 34:4513-4525.e6. [PMID: 39317194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Reproductive barriers between sister species of the mushroom-forming fungi tend to be stronger in sympatry, leading to speculation on whether they are being reinforced by selection against hybrids. We have used population genomic analyses together with in vitro crosses of a global sample of the wood decay fungus Trichaptum abietinum to investigate reproductive barriers within this species complex and the processes that have shaped them. Our phylogeographic analyses show that T. abietinum is delimited into six major genetic groups: one in Asia, two in Europe, and three in North America. The groups present in Europe are interfertile and admixed, whereas our crosses show that the North American groups are reproductively isolated. In Asia, a more complex pattern appears, with partial intersterility between subgroups that likely originated independently and more recently than the reproductive barriers in North America. We found pre-mating barriers in T. abietinum to be moderately correlated with genomic divergence, whereas mean growth reduction of the mated hybrids showed a strong correlation with increasing genomic divergence. Genome-wide association analyses identified candidate genes with programmed cell death annotations, which are known to be involved in intersterility in distantly related fungi, although their link here remains unproven. Our demographic modeling and phylogenetic network analyses fit a scenario where reproductive barriers in Trichaptum abietinum could have been reinforced upon secondary contact between groups that diverged in allopatry during the Pleistocene glacial cycles. Our combination of experimental and genomic approaches demonstrates how T. abietinum is a tractable system for studying speciation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabao Sun Lu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
| | - David Peris
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Biotechnology (IATA), CSIC, Carrer del Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jørn Henrik Sønstebø
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Gullbringvegen 36, 3800 Bø, Norway
| | - Timothy Y James
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 105 North University Ave Biological Sciences Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085, USA
| | - Loren H Rieseberg
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, 3156-6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sundy Maurice
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Kauserud
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mark Ravinet
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, East Dr., Nottingham NG7 2TQ, UK
| | - Inger Skrede
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
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Sassine YN, Nabhan S, Rachkidy E, El Sebaaly Z. Valorization of agro-forest wastes (oak acorns, vineyard pruning, and olive pruning) through the cultivation of shiitake ( Lentinula edodes) mushrooms. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32562. [PMID: 38994102 PMCID: PMC11237938 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Experimental research has been focusing on developing new substrates for growing shiitake mushrooms as alternatives to the standard oak sawdust substrate. The selection of appropriate lignocellulosic materials is based on their availability in the production area and their compatibility with the requirements of the mushroom species being cultivated. In comparison to oak sawdust substrate (OS) as the control, this study evaluated the potential of oak acorns (OA), olive pruning (OLPR), and vineyard pruning (VIP), and various combinations: OA-OLPR:1-1, OA-VIP:1-1, OS-OLPR:1-1, and OS-VIP:1-1, prepared on a dry weight basis. In comparison to OS, complete mycelial development was hastened in OA, OA-VIP: 1-1, and OS-VIP:1-1 by 9.5, 7.9, and 4.2 days and delayed in OLPR and OS-OLPR:1-1 by 11.3 and 7.0 days, respectively. Also, harvest was earlier in OA, OA-VIP:1-1, and OS-VIP:1-1 by 9.3, 6.7, and 3.3 days, respectively, while it was significantly delayed in OLPR, VIP, and OS-OLPR:1-1 by 12.3, 3.7, and 8.0 days, respectively. While the total biological yield was significantly reduced in OLPR, OS-OLPR:1-1, VIP, and OS-VIP:1-1, it was comparable to OS in OA, OA-OLPR:1-1, and OA-VIP:1-1 (597.0, 552.0, 532.2, and 556.2 g/kg, respectively). Production was consistently high over two consecutive flushes in OS, OA, and OA-VIP: 1-1. Total biological yields were higher in OA-OLPR: 1-1 than OS-OLPR:1-1 and in OA-VIP:1-1 than OS-VIP:1-1. OA increased mushroom number and firmness, VIP and OLPR increased mushroom weight, and OA-VIP:1-1 increased pileus thickness. Mushrooms' protein and fiber contents were higher than OS in all substrates and the highest in OA-OLPR:1-1 (8.7 %) and OLPR (2.8 %), respectively. Conclusively, the substrates OA, OA-VIP: 1-1, and OA-OLPR:1-1 may alternate oak sawdust; however, the first two substrates have an advantage over the third due to earlier harvests. Also, it is more favorable to use VIP and OLPR in combination with OA than to use them alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Najib Sassine
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Production, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Stephanie Nabhan
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Production, Beirut, Lebanon
- University of Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elina Rachkidy
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Production, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zeina El Sebaaly
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Production, Beirut, Lebanon
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Yue L, Chen J, Tuo Y, Qi Z, Liu Y, He XL, Zhang B, Hu J, Li Y. Taxonomy and phylogeny of Panus (Polyporales, Panaceae) in China and its relationship with allies. MycoKeys 2024; 105:267-294. [PMID: 38855321 PMCID: PMC11161681 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.105.121025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Panus is a typical wood-rotting fungi, which plays considerable roles in ecosystems and has significant economic value. The genus Panus currently consists of more than 100 species; however, only eight species have been reported from China. This study aims to distinguish and describe two novel species from the Panussimilis complex, namely Panusminisporus and Panusbaishanzuensis, one new record species from Zhejiang Province, Panussimilis and three common species, Panusconchatus, Panusneostrigosus and Panusrudis, based on detailed morphological and phylogenetic studies, relying on Chinese specimens. Panusminisporus is characterised by its reddish-brown pileus, decurrent lamellae with cross-veins, slender stipe, smaller basidiospores, wider generative hyphae and absence of sclerocystidia. Panusbaishanzuensis is featured by its pileus with concentric and darker ring zone, decurrent lamellae with cross-veins, shorter stipe, longer basidiospores, diverse and shorter cheilocystidia and smaller sclerocystidia. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU) and translation elongation factor 1-α gene (tef-1α) were employed to perform a thorough phylogenetic analysis for genus Panus and related genera, using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood analysis. The results indicate that Panusminisporus and Panusbaishanzuensis form two independent clades within the Panussimilis complex themselves. Detailed descriptions, taxonomic notes, illustrations etc. were provided. In addition, a key to the reported species of Panus from China is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- Engineering Research Centre of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun City, 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun City, 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yonglan Tuo
- Engineering Research Centre of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun City, 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhengxiang Qi
- Engineering Research Centre of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun City, 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yajie Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun City, 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiao Lan He
- Science and Research Center for Edible Fungi of Qingyuan County, Lishui City, 323800, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun City, 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiajun Hu
- Engineering Research Centre of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun City, 130118, Jilin Province, China
- Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun City, 130118, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yu Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun City, 130118, Jilin Province, China
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Cho Y, Seo CW, Jung PE, Lim YW. Global phylogeographical distribution of Gloeoporus dichrous. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288498. [PMID: 37440580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phylogeographic analyses are efficient in ecological and evolutionary studies to discover the origin of a lineage, its dispersal routes, and the divergence of ancestral traits. Studies on widespread wood-decay fungi have revealed the phylogenetic division of several polypores based on geographical distribution. In this study, specimens of Gloeoporus dichrous, a cosmopolitan polypore species, were collected globally and analyzed for their geographic distribution. Multi-marker Bayesian molecular clock and haplotype analyses revealed a clear division of G. dichrous populations by continent. The species diverged from its neighboring clades 10.3 (16.0-5.6) million years ago, with Asian and North American populations at the center of divergence. Possible dispersal mechanisms and pathways are predicted and discussed based on the evaluated transfer routes. The biogeography of G. dichrous analyzed in this study represents a fraction of the polypore evolution and may advance the understanding of the overall evolution of wood-decay fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee Cho
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Wan Seo
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Paul Eunil Jung
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woon Lim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim S, Eom H, Nandre R, Choi YJ, Lee H, Ryu H, Ro HS. Comparative structural analysis on the mitochondrial DNAs from various strains of Lentinula edodes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1034387. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1034387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of mitochondria through variations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is one of the intriguing questions in eukaryotic cells. In order to assess the causes of the variations in mitochondria, the mtDNAs of the 21 strains of Lentinula edodes were assembled for this study, and analyzed together with four published mtDNA sequences. The mtDNAs were within the sizes of 117 kb ~ 122 kb. The gene number was observed consistent except for two mtDNAs, which carry a duplicated trnG1-trnG2 unit or a putative gene deletion. The size variation was largely attributed to the number of introns, repeated sequences, transposable elements (TEs), and plasmid-related sequences. Intron loss and gain were found from cox1, rnl, and rns of three mtDNAs. Loss of two introns in cox1 of KY217797.1 reduced its size by 2.7 kb, making it the smallest cox1 gene (8.4 kb) among the cox1s of the 25 mtDNAs, whereas gain of a Group II intron (2.65 kb) and loss of a Group I intron (1.7 kb) in cox1 of MF774813.1 resulted in the longest cox1 (12 kb). In rnl of L. edodes, we discovered four intron insertion consensus sequences which were unique to basidiomycetes but not ascomycetes. Differential incorporation of introns was the primary cause of the rnl size polymorphism. Homing endonucleases (HEGs) were suggestively involved in the mobilization of the introns because all of the introns have HEG genes of the LAGRIDADG or GIY-YIG families with the conserved HEG cleavage sites. TEs contributed to 11.04% of the mtDNA size in average, of which 7.08% was LTR-retrotransposon and 3.96% was DNA transposon, whereas the repeated sequences covered 4.6% of the mtDNA. The repeat numbers were variable in a strain-dependent manner. Both the TEs and repeated sequences were mostly found in the intronic and intergenic regions. Lastly, two major deletions were found in the plasmid-related sequence regions (pol2-pol3 and pol1-atp8) in the five mtDNAs. Particularly, the 6.8 kb-long deletion at pol2-pol3 region made MF774813.1 the shortest mtDNA of all. Our results demonstrate that mtDNA is a dynamic molecule that persistently evolves over a short period of time by insertion/deletion and repetition of DNA segments at the strain level.
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Papp V, Dai YC. What is the correct scientific name for “Fuling” medicinal mushroom? Mycology 2022; 13:207-211. [PMID: 35938080 PMCID: PMC9354628 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2022.2089755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the scientific names of many cultivated and well-known medicinal fungal species have been changed. However, the results of taxonomic and nomenclature works on these economically important fungi are often overlooked or ignored in applied researches. The incorrect use of scientific names may cause uncertainty in research and in the global medicinal mushroom market. In this paper, we briefly review the current taxonomy and nomenclature of “Fuling” medicinal mushroom and make a proposal for biochemists, pharmacists and businessmen on the correct use of scientific names related to this species. Based on the recent taxonomic results and nomenclatural proposals, the use of the names Wolfiporia extensa, W. cocos and especially Poria cocos for the “Fuling” mushroom are incorrect and misleading; therefore, the acceptance of the names Pachyma hoelen or Wolfiporia hoelen is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Papp
- Department of Botany, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yu-Cheng Dai
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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