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Zhou T, Li Z, Jiang Y, Su K, Xu C, Yi H. Emerging roles of circular RNAs in regulating the hallmarks of thyroid cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:507-516. [PMID: 38316961 PMCID: PMC11016468 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is a prevalent endocrine malignancy with increasing incidence in recent years. Although most thyroid cancers grow slowly, they can become refractory, leading to a high mortality rate once they exhibit recurrence, metastasis, resistance to radioiodine therapy, or a lack of differentiation. However, the mechanisms underlying these malignant characteristics remain unclear. Circular RNAs, a type of closed-loop non-coding RNAs, play multiple roles in cancer. Several studies have demonstrated that circular RNAs significantly influence the development of thyroid cancers. In this review, we summarize the circular RNAs identified in thyroid cancers over the past decade according to the hallmarks of cancer. We found that eight of the 14 hallmarks of thyroid cancers are regulated by circular RNAs, whereas the other six have not been reported to be correlated with circular RNAs. This review is expected to help us better understand the roles of circular RNAs in thyroid cancers and accelerate research on the mechanisms and cure strategies for thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yumeng Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Kaiming Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Hongliang Yi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Jiang S, Gao L, Li J, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Liu J. N6-methyladenosine-modified circ_0000337 sustains bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma by regulating DNA repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1383232. [PMID: 38586304 PMCID: PMC10995360 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1383232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma (MM) is mediated by the abnormalities of various molecules and microenvironments. Exploring these resistance mechanisms will improve the therapeutic efficacy of bortezomib. In this study, bone marrow tissues from three patients with MM, both sensitive and resistant to bortezomib, were collected for circRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis. The relationship between circ_0000337, miR-98-5p, and target gene DNA2 was analyzed by luciferase detection and verified by RT-qPCR. We first found that circ_0000337 was significantly upregulated in bortezomib-resistant MM tissues and cells, and overexpression of circ_0000337 could promote bortezomib resistance in MM cells. circ_0000337 may act as a miR-98-5p sponge to upregulate DNA2 expression, regulate DNA damage repair, and induce bortezomib resistance. Furthermore, it was determined that the increased circ_0000337 level in bortezomib-resistant cells was due to an increased N6-methyladenosine (m6A) level, resulting in enhanced RNA stability. In conclusion, the m6A level of circ_0000337 and its regulation may be a new and potential therapeutic target for overcoming bortezomib resistance in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Jinan Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangrong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Meng L, Wu H, Wu J, Ding P, He J, Sang M, Liu L. Mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitors: insights into the regulation of circular RNAS involved in cancer hallmarks. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:3. [PMID: 38177102 PMCID: PMC10766988 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Current treatment strategies for cancer, especially advanced cancer, are limited and unsatisfactory. One of the most substantial advances in cancer therapy, in the last decades, was the discovery of a new layer of immunotherapy approach, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which can specifically activate immune cells by targeting immune checkpoints. Immune checkpoints are a type of immunosuppressive molecules expressed on immune cells, which can regulate the degree of immune activation and avoid autoimmune responses. ICIs, such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs, has shown inspiring efficacy and broad applicability across various cancers. Unfortunately, not all cancer patients benefit remarkably from ICIs, and the overall response rates to ICIs remain relatively low for most cancer types. Moreover, the primary and acquired resistance to ICIs pose serious challenges to the clinical application of cancer immunotherapy. Thus, a deeper understanding of the molecular biological properties and regulatory mechanisms of immune checkpoints is urgently needed to improve clinical options for current therapies. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have attracted increasing attention, not only due to their involvement in various aspects of cancer hallmarks, but also for their impact on immune checkpoints in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment. In this review, we systematically summarize the current status of immune checkpoints in cancer and the existing regulatory roles of circRNAs on immune checkpoints. Meanwhile, we also aim to settle the issue in an evidence-oriented manner that circRNAs involved in cancer hallmarks regulate the effects and resistance of ICIs by targeting immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjiao Meng
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050035, China
- Research Center and Tumor Research Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Haotian Wu
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Jiaxiang Wu
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Ping'an Ding
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Jinchen He
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Comprehensive Treatment of Gastric Cancer, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Meixiang Sang
- Research Center and Tumor Research Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
- Science and Education Department, Shanghai Electric Power Hospital, Shanghai, 20050, China.
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050035, China.
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Hansen CE, Springstubbe D, Müller S, Petkovic S. Directed Circularization of a Short RNA. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2765:209-226. [PMID: 38381342 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3678-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Basic research and functional analyses of circular RNA (circRNA) have been limited by challenges in circRNA formation of desired length and sequence in adequate yields. Nowadays, circular RNA can be obtained using enzymatic, "ribozymatic," or modulated splice events. However, there are few records for the directed circularization of RNA. Here, we present a proof of principle for an affordable and efficient RNA-based system for the controlled synthesis of circRNA with a physiological 3',5'-phosphodiester conjunction. The engineered hairpin ribozyme variant circular ribozyme 3 (CRZ-3) performs self-cleavage poorly. We designed an activator-polyamine complex to complete cleavage as a prerequisite for subsequent circularization. The developed protocol allows synthesizing circRNA without external enzymatic assistance and adds a controllable way of circularization to the existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sabine Müller
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sonja Petkovic
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany.
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Shoorei H, Sabernia T, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Pourmoshtagh H. Circular RNAs and inflammation: Epigenetic regulators with diagnostic role. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154912. [PMID: 38238072 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of transcripts generally known to be non-coding transcripts, but occasionally producing short peptides. Circ_Ttc3/miR-148a, circ_TLK1/miR-106a-5p, circ_VMA21/miR-9-3p, circ_0068,888/miR-21-5p, circ_VMA21/miR-199a-5p, circ_AFF2/miR-375, circ_0008360/miR-135b-5p and circ-FBXW7/miR-216a-3p are examples of circRNA/miRNA pairs that contribute in the pathogenesis of immune-related conditions. CircRNAs have been found to regulate function of immune system and participate in the pathophysiology of immune-related disorders. In the current study, we searched PubMed and Google Scholar databases until July 2022 with the key words "circRNA" OR "circular RNA" AND "inflammation". Then, we assessed the abstract of retrieved articles to include original articles that assessed contribution of circRNAs in the pathoetiology of inflammation and related disorders. Finally, we went through the main texts of the articles and tabulated the available information. Therefore, the current study summarizes the role of circRNAs in the pathoetiology of sepsis, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, immune-related cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal and nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Toofan Sabernia
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hasan Pourmoshtagh
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Calin GA. Noncoding RNAs: Hope and hype at 30 years. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1501-1502. [PMID: 37263271 PMCID: PMC10277916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- George A Calin
- Translational Molecular Pathology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The RNA Interference and Non-coding RNA Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Yang L, Fan X, Chai P, Jia R. Emerging roles of the crosstalk between non-coding RNAs and m 6A modification in cancers. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1512-1513. [PMID: 37178690 PMCID: PMC10277883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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