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Bongaerts THG, Büchner FL, Crone MR, van Exel J, Guicherit OR, Numans ME, Nierkens V. Perspectives on cancer screening participation in a highly urbanized region: a Q-methodology study in The Hague, the Netherlands. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1925. [PMID: 36243684 PMCID: PMC9571478 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Netherlands hosts, as many other European countries, three population-based cancer screening programmes (CSPs). The overall uptake among these CSPs is high, but has decreased over recent years. Especially in highly urbanized regions the uptake rates tend to fall below the minimal effective rate of 70% set by the World Health Organization. Understanding the reasons underlying the decision of citizens to partake in a CPS are essential in order to optimize the current screening participation rates. The aim of this study was to explore the various perspectives concerning cancer screening among inhabitants of The Hague, a highly urbanized region of the Netherlands. METHODS A Q-methodology study was conducted to provide insight in the prevailing perspectives on partaking in CSPs. All respondents were inhabitants of the city of The Hague, the Netherlands. In an online application they ranked a set of 31 statements, based on the current available literature and clustered by the Integrated Change model, into a 9-column forced ranking grid according to level of agreement, followed by a short survey. Respondents were asked to participate in a subsequent interview to explain their ranking. By-person factor analysis was used to identify distinct perspectives, which were interpreted using data from the rankings and interviews. RESULTS Three distinct perspectives were identified: 1). "Positive about participation", 2). "Thoughtful about participation", and 3). "Fear drives participation". These perspectives provide insight into how potential respondents, living in an urbanized region in the Netherlands, decide upon partaking in CSPs. CONCLUSIONS Since CSPs will only be effective when participation rates are sufficiently high, it is essential to have insight into the different perspectives among potential respondents concerning partaking in a CSP. This study adds new insights concerning these perspectives and suggests several ideas for future optimization of the CSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H G Bongaerts
- Health Campus The Hague, Leiden University Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands. .,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Frederike L Büchner
- Health Campus The Hague, Leiden University Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matty R Crone
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Job van Exel
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Erasmus Centre for Health Economics Research, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Onno R Guicherit
- University Cancer Center Leiden - The Hague, at Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Mattijs E Numans
- Health Campus The Hague, Leiden University Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Nierkens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Bongaerts TH, Büchner FL, Middelkoop BJ, Guicherit OR, Numans ME. Determinants of (non-)attendance at the Dutch cancer screening programmes: A systematic review. J Med Screen 2019; 27:121-129. [PMID: 31801039 PMCID: PMC7491249 DOI: 10.1177/0969141319887996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective The Netherlands host three population-based cancer screening programmes: for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer. For screening programmes to be effective, high participation rates are essential, but participation in the Netherlands’ programmes is starting to fall below the minimal effective rate. We aimed to produce a systematic overview of the current known determinants of (non-)attendance at the Dutch cancer screening programmes. Methods A literature search was conducted in the electronic databases Academic Search Premier, Cochrane Library, Embase, EMCare, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and also in grey literature, including all articles published before February 2018. The I-Change model was used to categorize the identified determinants of cancer screening attendance. Results In total, 19/1232 identified studies and 6 grey literature reports were included. Fifteen studies reported on predisposing factors. Characteristics such as social economic status, country of birth, and residency were most often reported, and correlate with cancer screening attendance. Thirteen studies addressed information factors. Factors on awareness, motivation, ability, and barriers were less often studied. Conclusion Current studies tend to describe the general characteristics of (non-)attendance and (non-)attenders, but rarely provide in depth information on other factors of (non-)participation. The I-Change model proved to be a useful tool in mapping current knowledge on cancer screening attendance and revealed knowledge gaps regarding determinants of (non-)participation in the screening programmes. More research is needed to fully understand determinants of participation, in order to influence and optimize attendance rates over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hg Bongaerts
- Campus The Hague, Leiden University Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike L Büchner
- Campus The Hague, Leiden University Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Barend Jc Middelkoop
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Municipal Health Service Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Onno R Guicherit
- University Cancer Center Leiden, The Hague at Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Mattijs E Numans
- Campus The Hague, Leiden University Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Groenenberg I, Crone MR, van Dijk S, Ben Meftah J, Middelkoop BJC, Assendelft WJJ, Stiggelbout AM. Determinants of participation in a cardiometabolic health check among underserved groups. Prev Med Rep 2016; 4:33-43. [PMID: 27413659 PMCID: PMC4929048 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases affect underserved groups disparately. Participation in health checks is also lower, widening health inequalities in society. Two-stage screening (non-invasive health risk assessment (HRA) and GP consultations for high-risk individuals) seems cost-effective, provided that drop-out rates are low in both steps. We aimed to explore the process of decision-making regarding HRA participation among underserved groups (45–70 y): native Dutch with a lower socioeconomic status (SES), Turkish, Moroccan, and Surinamese participants. We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire study. The questionnaire comprised the following determinants: a self-formulated first reaction, a structured set of predefined determinants, and the most important barrier(s) and facilitator(s) for HRA completion. We used univariable and (stepwise) multivariate logistic regression analyses to assess which determinants were associated with HRA completion. Of the 892 participants in the questionnaire, 78% (n = 696) also completed the HRA. Moroccans and patients from GP practices with a predominantly non-Western population less often completed the HRA. A lower SES score, wanting to know one's risk, not remembering receiving the invitation (thus requiring a phone call), fear of the test result and/or adjusting lifestyle, perceived control of staying healthy, wanting to participate, and perceiving no barriers were associated with completing the HRA. We conclude that our ‘hard-to-reach’ population may not be unwilling to participate in the HRA. A more comprehensive approach, involving key figures within a community informing people about and providing help completing the HRA, would possibly be more suitable. Efforts should be particularly targeted at the less acculturated immigrants with an external locus of control. Participation is lowest in GP practices with a predominant non-Western population. Patients are positive about a health check, whether they participate or not. Still, about one quarter of patients does not participate in the health check. These patients do not want to know their risk and lack control over staying healthy. Telephone follow-up is crucial as patients forget receiving the written invitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Groenenberg
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Hippocratespad 21, PO Box 9600, V0-P, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M R Crone
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Hippocratespad 21, PO Box 9600, V0-P, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S van Dijk
- Leiden University, Department of Social Sciences, Institute for Psychology, Health, Medical, and Neuropsychology, Pieter de la Court Building, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Ben Meftah
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Hippocratespad 21, PO Box 9600, V0-P, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B J C Middelkoop
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Hippocratespad 21, PO Box 9600, V0-P, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - W J J Assendelft
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A M Stiggelbout
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Medical Decision Making, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Baggett TP, Campbell EG, Chang Y, Magid LM, Rigotti NA. Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Their Association With Smoking Outcome Expectancies Among Homeless Smokers in Boston. Nicotine Tob Res 2015; 18:1526-32. [PMID: 26508393 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking and traumatic life experiences are each common among homeless adults, but the prevalence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among homeless smokers are not known. We assessed symptoms of PTSD and their association with smoking outcome expectancies in a sample of homeless smokers in Boston. METHODS We used time-location sampling to conduct an in-person survey of homeless adult smokers using Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program clinical services. We assessed symptoms of PTSD with the PTSD Checklist-Civilian version and considered scores at least 14 as positive. We used the Smoking Effects Questionnaire to assess positive and negative smoking outcome expectancies. We modeled the associations between PTSD screening status and smoking expectancies using design-adjusted linear regression. RESULTS Eighty-six percent of eligible individuals participated (N = 306). Sixty-eight percent of participants screened positive for PTSD. Screen-positive respondents were younger (P = .001), more likely to report fair/poor health (P = .01), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P = .02), and past-month hallucinations (P = .004), and had greater drug (P < .001) and alcohol (P < .001) use severity and cigarette dependence (P = .002). In analyses controlling for these confounders, PTSD screen-positive participants more strongly endorsed smoking to reduce negative affect (P = .01), smoking for social benefits (P = .002), and smoking for weight control (P = .03). Exploratory analyses suggested that these associations were driven by avoidance/numbing and re-experiencing symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Symptoms of posttraumatic stress are common among homeless smokers and strongly associated with positive smoking outcome expectancies. Tobacco cessation programs for this population should consider screening for PTSD and fostering a trauma-sensitive treatment environment. IMPLICATIONS In this study of homeless cigarette smokers in Boston, over two-thirds of participants screened positive for PTSD. PTSD screen-positive respondents more strongly endorsed multiple positive smoking outcome expectancies than screen-negative individuals. These findings suggest that the psychological sequelae of trauma may be a pervasive but under-recognized factor impacting the persistence of smoking among homeless people. Tobacco cessation programs for this population should consider screening for PTSD, fostering a trauma-sensitive treatment environment, and incorporating strategies that have shown promise in smokers with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis P Baggett
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program, Boston, MA;
| | - Eric G Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Yuchiao Chang
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Leah M Magid
- College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences and School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Nancy A Rigotti
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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Benson FE, Nierkens V, Willemsen MC, Stronks K. Smoking cessation behavioural therapy in disadvantaged neighbourhoods: an explorative analysis of recruitment channels. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2015; 10:28. [PMID: 26227135 PMCID: PMC4521474 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-015-0024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimum channel(s) used to recruit smokers living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods for smoking cessation behavioural therapy (SCBT) is unknown. This paper examines the channels through which smokers participating in a free, multi-session SCBT programme heard about and were referred to this service in a disadvantaged neighbourhood, and compares participants' characteristics and attendance between channels. METHODS 109 participants, recruited from free SCBT courses in disadvantaged areas of two cities in the Netherlands, underwent repeated surveys. Participants were asked how they heard about the SCBT and who referred them. Participant characteristics were compared between five channels, including the General Practitioner (GP), a community organisation, word of mouth, another health professional, and media or self-referred. Whether the channels through which people heard about or were referred to the service predicted attendance of ≥4 sessions was investigated with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Over a quarter of the participants had no or primary education only, and more than half belonged to ethnic minority populations. Most participants heard through a single channel. More participants heard about (49%) and were referred to (60%) the SCBT by the (GP) than by any other channel. Factors influencing quit success, including psychosocial factors and nicotine dependence, did not differ significantly between channel through which participants heard about the SCBT. No channel significantly predicted attendance. CONCLUSION The GP was the single most important source to both hear about and be referred to smoking cessation behavioural therapy in a disadvantaged neighbourhood. A majority of participants of low socioeconomic or ethnic minority status heard about the programme through this channel. Neither the channel through which participants heard about or were referred to the therapy influenced attendance. As such, concentrating on the channel which makes use of the existing infrastructure and which is highest yielding, the GP, would be an appropriate strategy if recruitment resources were scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Benson
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Vera Nierkens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, LUMC, Hippocratespad 21, 2333 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marc C Willemsen
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Minderbroedersberg 4-6, 6211 LK, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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A conceptual model of patient-professional communication as a self-management skill: A latent growth change modeling. Disabil Health J 2015; 8:602-10. [PMID: 26166161 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient Communication with healthcare professionals is an integral self-management skill. Yet the underlying mechanisms explaining how such communication might be enhanced across time have not been well studied. OBJECTIVES Based on the transtheoretical model, the study aimed to develop an across-time Attitude-Social Influence-Efficacy model in order to explain changes in participants' patient-professional communication behaviors in the Chronic Disease Self-management Program (CDSMP). Readiness-to-change construct was hypothesized to be the overall predictors of psychological and behavioral parameters. It was hypothesized that social norm and attitude toward behaviors would be the indirect predictors of communication behavior. METHODS One hundred and thirty-six Chinese participants with chronic diseases underwent a 6-week CDSMP. Their attitude toward behavior, self-efficacy, social norm, readiness to change and communication behavior were obtained at 1st, 4th and 6th week of the structured program. RESULTS A modified latent growth change curve model yielded satisfactory model fit (χ(2)/df = 1.32; RMSEA = 0.063 (90% CI = 0.018-0.96)). The results showed that readiness to change had a positive influence on attitude and self-efficacy. Both attitude and social norm positively affected self-efficacy. Attitude and self-efficacy in turn positively influenced communication behavior at the beginning of the program. Across 6 weeks, self-efficacy imposed a negative influence on communication behavior while social norm exerted a positive influence on the behavior. CONCLUSION This study revealed possible underlying mechanisms influencing CDSMP participants' communication with professionals. The results could shed light on further improvement of the structured program.
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Groenenberg I, Crone MR, van Dijk S, Gebhardt WA, Ben Meftah J, Middelkoop BJC, Stiggelbout AM, Assendelft WJJ. 'Check it out!' Decision-making of vulnerable groups about participation in a two-stage cardiometabolic health check: a qualitative study. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2015; 98:234-244. [PMID: 25457176 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exploring determinants influencing vulnerable groups regarding (non-) participation in the Dutch two-stage cardiometabolic health check, comprising a health risk assessment (HRA) and prevention consultations (PCs) for high-risk individuals. METHODS Qualitative study comprising 21 focus groups with non-Western (Surinamese, Turkish, Moroccan) immigrants aged 45-70, adult children from one of these descents, native Dutch with a lower socioeconomic status, and healthcare professionals working with these groups. RESULTS Reasons for not completing the HRA included (flawed) risk perceptions, health negligence, (health) illiteracy, and language barriers. A face-to-face invitation from a reliable source and community outreach to raise awareness were perceived as facilitating participation. Reasons for not attending the PCs overlapped with completing the HRA but additionally included risk denial, fear about the outcome, its potential consequences (lifestyle changes and medication prescription), and disease-related stigma. CONCLUSION Reasons for not completing the HRA were mainly cognitive, whereas reasons for not attending the PCs were also affective. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS When designing a two-stage health check, choice of invitation method seems important, as does training healthcare professionals in techniques to effectively handle patients' (flawed) risk perceptions and attitudinal ambivalence. Focus should be on promoting informed choices by providing accurate information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Groenenberg
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Mathilde R Crone
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sandra van Dijk
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Winnifred A Gebhardt
- Department of Health, Medical, and Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jamila Ben Meftah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Barend J C Middelkoop
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Anne M Stiggelbout
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Willem J J Assendelft
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Psychosocial determinants of cigarette smoking among university students in Jordan. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2014; 2:152-61. [PMID: 25141040 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174411000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of cigarette use and water pipe smoking in Jordanian university students and to analyze differences in determinants between cigarette smokers and non-smokers. A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 400 students (18-24 years, 51% males). Smokers were compared with non-smokers on several smoking-related determinants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, χ 2 test and binary logistic regression analysis. The prevalence rates of cigarette use and water pipe smoking were 25.9% and 23.3%, respectively. Cigarette smokers differed significantly from non-smokers on almost all of the assessed determinants. The I-Change model explained 85% of the total variance of cigarette-smoking behavior. Cigarette smoking was determined by being male and older, having more depressive symptoms, having less Muslim identity, being more emancipated, perceiving more pros of smoking, having more modeling from peers and having lower self-efficacy. The popularity of cigarette use and water pipe smoking among Jordanian students necessitates health promotion interventions that motivate students not to engage in smoking behaviors by clearly outlining the outcomes of smoking and the healthier alternatives, how to cope with social influences and difficult situations in order to increase self-efficacy.
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Facilitators and barriers to external cephalic version for breech presentation at term among health care providers in the Netherlands: A quantitative analysis. Midwifery 2014; 30:e145-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ybarra ML, Holtrop JS, Bağci Bosi AT, Bilir N, Korchmaros JD, Salih Emri AK. Feasibility and acceptability of a text messaging-based smoking cessation program in ankara, Turkey. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2013; 18:960-973. [PMID: 23627304 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2012.757399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Data from high-income countries suggest that cell phone-based smoking cessation programs have the potential to affect cessation rates. There is a paucity of research, however, about the feasibility of cell phone-based smoking cessation programs in lower income countries that have higher smoking prevalence rates. A one-arm feasibility and acceptability pilot study of SMS Turkey, a text messaging-based smoking cessation program, was conducted in Ankara, the capital of Turkey. The authors recruited 75 daily smokers who were seriously thinking about quitting in the subsequent 30 days into the 6-week SMS Turkey program. Recruitment was completed in 4 months. Participant retention was high: Almost all (96%) completed the program, and 84% provided 12-week follow-up data. Most (89%) of the respondents who completed the 4-week follow-up measures (n = 38, 51%) said that the text messages were easy to understand and referred to what they were experiencing and feeling during the quitting process (78%). On the basis of intention to treat, 13% of participants (n = 10) reported, at 12-week follow-up, continuous abstinence since their quit date, confirmed by carbon monoxide readings. The cell phone text messaging-based smoking cessation intervention appears feasible and acceptable in Ankara, Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L Ybarra
- Center for Innovative Public Health Research, San Clemente, CA 92672, USA.
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Ybarra M, Bağci Bosi AT, Korchmaros J, Emri S. A text messaging-based smoking cessation program for adult smokers: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 2012; 14:e172. [PMID: 23271159 PMCID: PMC3799568 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite promising data in Western countries, there is a dearth of research into the efficacy of text messaging-based smoking cessation programs in other settings, including the Middle East, where smoking prevalence rates are higher. OBJECTIVE This paper reports cessation rates observed in SMS Turkey, a text messaging-based smoking cessation program for adult smokers in Ankara, Turkey. METHODS This study was a small-scale, parallel-group randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted in Ankara, Turkey. Participants were adult daily smokers who were seriously thinking about quitting in the next 15 days and living in Ankara, Turkey. The text messaging intervention, SMS Turkey, provided 6 weeks of daily messages aimed at giving participants skills to help them quit smoking. Messages were sent in an automated fashion, except 2 days and 7 days after the initial quit day. On days 2 and 7, the research assistant manually assigned participants to content "paths" based on whether they were still not smoking or had relapsed. The control arm received a brochure that provided similar information about smoking cessation. The main outcome measure was self-reported 3-month sustained abstinence, verified by carbon monoxide (CO) readings. Neither participants nor researchers were blinded to arm assignment. RESULTS The 151 participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: 76 to the SMS Turkey intervention group and 75 to the brochure control group. Using intention to treat, all 151 participants were included in analyses. Three-month cessation trends were not significantly higher in the intervention group: 11% intervention vs 5% control had quit (χ(2)(1)=1.4, P=.24; R(2)=2.0, 95% CI 0.62-6.3). When the sample was stratified by sex, female intervention participants (14%, n=5) were significantly more likely to have quit at 3 months than female control participants (0%, n=0; χ(2)(1)=3.7, P=.05). Among light smokers (ie, those smoking less than 20 cigarettes per day), intervention participants (17%, n=5) also were significantly more likely to have quit compared to control participants (0%, n=0; χ(2)(1)=5.3, P=.02). We noted no difference in cessation rates for males or heavy smokers. Participants experienced significant technology problems during the study. Some participants received duplicate text messages at least once during the trial; others failed to receive some program messages. Neither receiving duplicate messages (χ(2)(1)=0.12, P=.73), or missing 5 or more program messages (χ(2)(1)=0.75, P=.39) negatively affected quitting rates. CONCLUSIONS Although the study was not powered to detect statistically significant differences, as the primary aim was to provide estimates of effect size that could be used to better inform a power analysis for a larger trial, findings provide optimism that SMS Turkey may be able to affect quitting rates in environments with high smoking prevalence, such as Ankara, Turkey. The SMS Turkey software program did not work as well as it did 2 years previous. The system will need to be updated to maintain software compatibility with ongoing technology evolution. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00912795 http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00912795 (Archived by WebCite® at http://www.webcitation.org/6Ch1cIA8l).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ybarra
- Center for Innovative Public Health Research, San Clemente, CA 92672, USA.
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Diabetes prevalence in populations of South Asian Indian and African origins: a comparison of England and the Netherlands. Epidemiology 2011; 22:563-7. [PMID: 21610499 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0b013e31821d1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We determined whether the overall lower prevalence of type II diabetes in England versus the Netherlands is observed in South-Asian-Indian and African-Caribbean populations. Additionally, we assessed the contribution of health behavior, body size, and socioeconomic position to observed differences between countries. METHODS Secondary analyses of population-based standardized individual-level data of 3386 participants were conducted. RESULTS Indian and African-Caribbean populations had higher prevalence rates of diabetes than whites in both countries. In cross-country comparisons (and similar to whites), Indians residing in England had a lower prevalence of diabetes than those residing in the Netherlands; the prevalence ratio (PR) was 0.35 (95% confidence interval = 0.22 to 0.55) in women and 0.74 (0.50 to 1.10) in men after adjustment for other covariates. Among people of African descent as well, diabetes prevalence was lower in England than in the Netherlands; for women, PR = 0.43 (0.20 to 0.89) and for men, 0.57 (0.21 to 1.49). CONCLUSIONS : The increasing prevalence of diabetes after migration may be modified by the context in which ethnic minority groups live.
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Ybarra ML, Bağci Bosi AT, Bilir N, Holtrop JS, Korchmaros J, Emri S. Interest in technology-based and traditional smoking cessation programs among adult smokers in Ankara, Turkey. Tob Induc Dis 2011; 9:10. [PMID: 21806793 PMCID: PMC3199750 DOI: 10.1186/1617-9625-9-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the demand for smoking cessation services in settings with high smoking prevalence rates. Furthermore, acceptability of text messaging and Internet as delivery mechanisms for smoking cessation programs in non-developed countries is under-reported. Given the cost effectiveness of technology-based programs, these may be more feasible to roll out in settings with limited public health resources relative to in-person programs. Findings 148 adult smokers took part in a community-based survey in Ankara, Turkey. Two in five (43%) respondents reported typically smoking their first cigarette within 30 minutes of waking. Many participants expressed a desire to quit smoking: 27% reported seriously thinking about quitting in the next 30 days; 53% reported at least one quit attempt in the past year. Two in five smokers wanting to quit reported they were somewhat or extremely like to try a smoking cessation program if it were accessible via text messaging (45%) or online (43%). Conclusions Opportunities for low-cost, high-reach, technology-based smoking cessation programs are under-utilized. Findings support the development and testing of these types of interventions for adult smokers in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L Ybarra
- Internet Solutions for Kids, Inc,, 555 N, El Camino Real #A347, San Clemente, CA 92672-6745, USA.
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Agyemang C, Stronks K, Tromp N, Bhopal R, Zaninotto P, Unwin N, Nazroo J, Kunst AE. A cross-national comparative study of smoking prevalence and cessation between English and Dutch South Asian and African origin populations: the role of national context. Nicotine Tob Res 2010; 12:557-66. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntq044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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