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Wynter K, Francis LM, Borgkvist A, Dixson B, D'Souza L, Duursma E, May C, Sher L, George JS. Effectiveness of Father-Focused Interventions to Prevent or Reduce Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy and Early Parenthood: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024:15248380241277270. [PMID: 39302822 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241277270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
During pregnancy and the early parenting period, women are especially vulnerable to intimate partner violence (IPV), with devastating impacts on women, children, and families. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of father-focused interventions to prevent or reduce IPV during pregnancy and early parenthood. Six databases were searched, using a combination of the concepts "fathers," "pregnancy/early parenthood," "IPV" and "intervention." Articles were double screened by title and abstract, and then full-text. Methodological and reporting quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment with Diverse Studies tool. Fifteen papers were eligible for inclusion; these articles were mostly of poor-to-moderate quality. Only three of the articles reported on interventions in lower- and middle-income countries. The most common forms of IPV addressed in these interventions were physical (10), psychological (8), sexual (4), and economic/financial (3). Of 12 articles reporting on data from both intervention and control groups, only six indicated statistically significant results; among these, only three reported robust analyses showing significantly greater reduction in IPV in intervention than in control groups. All three took place in lower- or middle-income countries. Two were underpinned by theoretical frameworks, which considered transforming traditional perceived gender norms. Therefore, interventions based on principles that address transformation of gender norms show promise but the success of such underlying principles needs to be confirmed, and better-quality evidence and reporting are needed for interventions targeting fathers to prevent or reduce IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wynter
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Australia
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Lauren M Francis
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Ashlee Borgkvist
- Safe Relationships and Communities Research Group, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Barnaby Dixson
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Levita D'Souza
- School of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Monash University, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Duursma
- Transforming early Education And Child Health (TeEACH) Research Centre, School of Education, University of Western Sydney, Australia
- School of Education, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Chris May
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Australia
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Wu C, Zhang J, Zhao L, Li Y, Yan Y, Wei Y, Zhang Z, Guo S. Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the fear of pregnancy scale: a translation and validation study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1364579. [PMID: 38463156 PMCID: PMC10921900 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1364579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many women experience fear toward pregnancy, which can impact their desire to have children and the national birth rate. Thus, assessing women's fear of pregnancy is of great importance. However, there is currently no specialized tool for assessing women's fear of pregnancy in China. The purpose of this study is to translate the Fear of Pregnancy Scale into Chinese and test its reliability and validity among women of childbearing age. Methods Using convenience sampling combined with a snowballing method, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on 886 women of childbearing age in two cities in China. The translation was strictly carried out according to the Brislin model. Item analysis, validity analysis, and reliability analysis were employed for psychometric assessment. Results The Chinese version of the Fear of Pregnancy Scale comprises 28 items. Exploratory factor analysis extracted four factors with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 72.578%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed: NFI = 0.956, CFI = 0.986, GFI = 0.927, IFI = 0.986, TLI = 0.985, RMSEA = 0.032, and χ2/df = 1.444. The scale's Cronbach's α coefficient is 0.957, split-half reliability is 0.840, and test-retest reliability is 0.932. Conclusion The Chinese version of the Fear of Pregnancy Scale possesses robust psychometric properties and can assess the degree of pregnancy fear among Chinese women of childbearing age. It provides a reference for formulating relevant policies in the prenatal care service system and implementing targeted intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wu
- Department of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | | | | | - Yue Wei
- Department of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | | | - Shuming Guo
- Department of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Linfen Central Hospital, Linfen, China
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Cochran KA, Kashy DA, Bogat GA, Levendosky AA, Lonstein JS, Nuttall AK, Muzik M. Economic Hardship Predicts Intimate Partner Violence Victimization During Pregnancy. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2023; 13:396-404. [PMID: 37928622 PMCID: PMC10624335 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is associated with negative physical and mental health consequences for both mothers and infants. Economic hardship is often exacerbated during pregnancy and is associated with increased rates of IPV in non-pregnant samples. However, temporal associations between economic hardship and IPV victimization have not been well characterized during pregnancy. The present study used data collected at the weekly level to examine the interindividual and intraindividual effects of economic hardship on IPV victimization during pregnancy and determine whether longitudinal changes in IPV across pregnancy vary based on level of economic hardship. Method Two hundred ninety-four women reported on weekly experiences of IPV and economic hardship (i.e., food insecurity and other money problems) during weeks 17-40 of pregnancy. Participants were oversampled for low income and IPV exposure. Binary logistic multilevel models were used to test study hypotheses. Results Greater economic hardship on average during pregnancy predicted increased odds of IPV victimization. Within-person increases in economic hardship also predicted increased odds of IPV victimization in the same week. Although IPV victimization tended to decrease on average over the course of pregnancy, there was a significant time by economic hardship interaction such that IPV decreased more gradually for women reporting high levels of economic hardship. Conclusions The present study examined weekly patterns of IPV victimization across pregnancy in a low-income community sample. Results suggest that policies aimed at increasing families' economic security during the perinatal period may reduce the individual and societal burden of IPV.
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Easton V, Silverstein A. Paid Family Leave in Improving Lives of Working Families. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2022; 31:1069-1070. [PMID: 35776538 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2022.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Easton
- Division of Palliative Care, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Allison Silverstein
- Division of Palliative Care, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Stratton T, Cook-Chaimowitz L, Pardhan A, Snelgrove N, Chan TM. Parental Leave Policies in Canadian Residency Education. J Grad Med Educ 2021; 13:206-212. [PMID: 33897954 PMCID: PMC8054593 DOI: 10.4300/jgme-d-20-00774.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, the gender makeup of Canadian medical residents has approached parity. As residency training years coincide closely with childbearing years and paid parental leave is associated with numerous benefits for both parents and children, it is important for there to be clarity about parental leave benefits. OBJECTIVES We aimed to conduct a comprehensive review of maternity and parental leave policies in all residency education programs in Canada, to highlight gaps that might be improved or areas in which Canadian programs excel. METHODS We searched websites of the 8 provincial housestaff organizations (PHOs) for information regarding pregnancy workload accommodations, maternity leave, and parental leave policies in each province in effect as of January 2020. We summarized the policies and analyzed their readability using the Flesch Reading Ease. RESULTS All Canadian PHOs provide specific accommodations around maternity and parental leave for medical residents. All organizations offer at least 35 weeks of total leave, while only 3 PHOs offer extended leave of about 63 weeks, in line with federal regulations. All but 2 PHOs offer supplemental income to their residents, although not for the full duration of offered leave. All PHOs offer workplace accommodations for pregnant residents in their second and/or third trimester. CONCLUSIONS Although all provinces had some form of leave, significant variability was found in the accommodations, duration of leave, and financial benefits provided to medical residents on maternity and parental leave across Canada. There is a lack of clarity in policy documents, which may be a barrier to optimal uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Stratton
- All authors are with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Tara Stratton, MD, is a Resident, Division of Emergency Medicine
| | - Lauren Cook-Chaimowitz
- All authors are with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Lauren Cook-Chaimowitz, MSc, MD, is a Resident, Division of Emergency Medicine
| | - Alim Pardhan
- All authors are with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Alim Pardhan, MD, FRCPC, MBA, is Associate Professor, Division of Emergency Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Program Director, FRCPC EM Program, and Site Chief, Hamilton General Hospital Emergency Department
| | - Natasha Snelgrove
- All authors are with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Natasha Snelgrove, MD, FRCPC, MSc, is Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences
| | - Teresa M. Chan
- All authors are with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Teresa M. Chan, MD, FRCPC, MHPE, is Associate Professor, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Adjunct Scientist, McMaster Program for Education Research, Innovation, and Theory, Program Director, Clinician Educator Area of Focused Competence Training Program, and Assistant Dean, Program for Faculty Development in the Faculty of Health Sciences
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D’Inverno AS, Kearns MC, Reidy DE. Introduction to the Special Issue: The Role of Public Policies in Preventing IPV, TDV, and SV. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2018; 33:3259-3266. [PMID: 30253724 PMCID: PMC6456897 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518798360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan C. Kearns
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dennis E. Reidy
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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