Self-directed exercise programmes in sedentary middle-aged individuals in good overall health; a systematic review

Relationship and mechanisms between internet use and physical exercise among middle- and younger-aged groups

The "Internet Plus" era has established a closer connection between sports and individuals. This study used data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies and focused on the middle- and younger-aged population aged 15 to 59 years. Employing a negative binomial regression model, this study empirically analyzed the impact of Internet use on physical exercise and its internal mechanisms among this population. The findings revealed that (1) Internet use significantly promoted physical exercise in the middle- and younger-aged population, with the frequency of physical exercise increasing to 1.549 times the original value; (2) The positive effects of the internet on physical exercise outweighed the negative effects, with online learning and entertainment enhancing physical exercise and online socialization limiting it. Specifically, online learning and entertainment increased the frequency of physical exercise among the middle- and younger-aged population by 0.063 and 0.018, respectively. Online socialization reduced the frequency by 0.023; and (3) The influence of internet use on physical exercise varies; significantly, it positively affects the exercise frequency among individuals over 35 years old and shows a positive correlation with employment status, including both employed individuals and those out of the labor market. The positive role of Internet use in encouraging physical exercise participation among the middle- and young-aged groups should be valued and enhanced.

Physical activity assessment, prescription and referral in US healthcare: How do we make this a standard of clinical practice?

Numerous guidelines and recommendations reinforce the important role of healthcare providers promoting physical activity (PA) through assessment, prescription, and referral. This paper summarizes what is required to accomplish these actions as a standard of care. The sections describe the importance of measurement development and standardization, the integration of PA into the care continuum, suggested roles and responsibilities for the healthcare team, the role of technology and telehealth in promoting PA, connecting patients to different PA modalities and settings, a summary of the overall regulatory and policy plan to accomplish integration of PA into delivery of care, and areas for future research. Integrating PA assessment, prescription, and referral into delivery of care requires a multi-stakeholder, coordinated effort with government agencies, payers, non-governmental organizations, professional societies, the United States Congress, state legislatures, healthcare systems, and the healthcare industry.

The Change of Interleukin-6 Level-Related Genes and Pathways Induced by Exercise in Sedentary Individuals

Sedentary behavior increases the risk of many chronic disorders, in addition, these chronic diseases are associated with elevated markers interleukin-6 (IL-6). Increasing evidence indicates that physical activity can prevent chronic inflammatory disease. However, the effect of exercise on sedentary individuals with disparate basal serum IL-6 level was not well elucidated. In this study, the gene expression profile of GES12384 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. This data set contained 12 sedentary middle-aged men (6 high IL-6 and 6 low IL-6 level), and their blood samples were taken in the pre-exercise period and at the end of 24 weeks of exercise. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of 24 weeks group were identified, followed by functional enrichment analysis. Subsequently, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and transcription factors (TFs)-DEGs network were constructed. A total of 193 DEGs were identified between high and low IL-6 level in the 24 weeks group. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly involved in African trypanosomiasis pathway. PPI network revealed that the hub genes included C-C motif chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), hemoglobin subunit delta (HBD), and interferon gamma (IFNG). Subnetworks analysis indicated that these genes were relevant to immune response, and participated in African trypanosomiasis pathway. The TF targets network found that myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) was a key regulatory factor. In conclusion, the inflammation-related genes (CCR7, HBD, and IFNG) in sedentary individuals could be affected by exercise, and the identified DEGs and TFs in this study promoted our understanding of exercise inhibited the development of chronic disease. [Figure: see text].

Fast skeletal muscle troponin activator CK-2066260 increases fatigue resistance by reducing the energetic cost of muscle contraction

Key points

Skeletal muscle fatigue limits performance in various physical activities, with exercise intolerance being a key symptom in a broad spectrum of diseases.

We investigated whether a small molecule fast skeletal troponin activator (FSTA), CK‐2066260, can mitigate muscle fatigue by reducing the cytosolic free [Ca²⁺] required to produce a given submaximal force and hence decreasing the energy requirement.

Isolated intact single mouse muscle fibres and rat muscles in‐situ treated with CK‐2066260 showed improved muscle endurance., which was accompanied by decreased ATP demand and reduced glycogen usage.

CK‐2066260 treatment improved in‐vivo exercise capacity in healthy rats and in a rat model of peripheral artery insufficiency.

In conclusion, we show that the FSTA CK‐2066260 effectively counteracts muscle fatigue in rodent skeletal muscle in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. This may translate to humans and provide a promising pharmacological treatment to patients suffering from severe muscle weakness and exercise intolerance.

Abstract

Skeletal muscle fatigue limits performance during physical exercise and exacerbated muscle fatigue is a prominent symptom among a broad spectrum of diseases. The present study investigated whether skeletal muscle fatigue is affected by the fast skeletal muscle troponin activator (FSTA) CK‐2066260, which increases myofibrillar Ca²⁺ sensitivity and amplifies the submaximal force response. Because more force is produced for a given Ca²⁺, we hypothesized that CK‐2066260 could mitigate muscle fatigue by reducing the energetic cost of muscle activation. Isolated single mouse muscle fibres were fatigued by 100 repeated 350 ms contractions while measuring force and the cytosolic free [Ca²⁺] or [Mg²⁺] ([Mg²⁺]_i). When starting fatiguing stimulation at matching forces (i.e. lower stimulation frequency with CK‐2066260): force was decreased by ∼50% with and by ∼75% without CK‐2066260; [Mg²⁺]_i was increased by ∼10% with and ∼32% without CK‐2066260, reflecting a larger decrease in [ATP] in the latter. The glycogen content in in situ stimulated rat muscles fatigued by repeated contractions at matching forces was about two times higher with than without CK‐2066260. Voluntary exercise capacity, assessed by rats performing rotarod exercise and treadmill running, was improved in the presence of CK‐2066260. CK‐2066260 treatment also increased skeletal muscle fatigue resistance and exercise performance in a rat model of peripheral artery insufficiency. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the FSTA CK‐2066260 mitigates skeletal muscle fatigue by reducing the metabolic cost of force generation.

Skeletal muscle fatigue limits performance in various physical activities, with exercise intolerance being a key symptom in a broad spectrum of diseases.

We investigated whether a small molecule fast skeletal troponin activator (FSTA), CK‐2066260, can mitigate muscle fatigue by reducing the cytosolic free [Ca²⁺] required to produce a given submaximal force and hence decreasing the energy requirement.

Isolated intact single mouse muscle fibres and rat muscles in‐situ treated with CK‐2066260 showed improved muscle endurance., which was accompanied by decreased ATP demand and reduced glycogen usage.

CK‐2066260 treatment improved in‐vivo exercise capacity in healthy rats and in a rat model of peripheral artery insufficiency.

In conclusion, we show that the FSTA CK‐2066260 effectively counteracts muscle fatigue in rodent skeletal muscle in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. This may translate to humans and provide a promising pharmacological treatment to patients suffering from severe muscle weakness and exercise intolerance.

Aging, lifestyle and dementia

Aging is the greatest risk factor for most diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative disease. There is emerging evidence that interventions that improve metabolic health with aging may also be effective for brain health. The most robust interventions are non-pharmacological and include limiting calorie or protein intake, increasing aerobic exercise, or environmental enrichment. In humans, dietary patterns including the Mediterranean, Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) and Okinawan diets are associated with improved age-related health and may reduce neurodegenerative disease including dementia. Rapamycin, metformin and resveratrol act on nutrient sensing pathways that improve cardiometabolic health and decrease the risk for age-associated disease. There is some evidence that they may reduce the risk for dementia in rodents. There is a growing recognition that improving metabolic function may be an effective way to optimize brain health during aging.