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Dadi D, Bonilla Z, Beckstrand MJ, Frazier P, Gerlach A, Huber KA, Kaubrys M, Laska MN, Mason SM. Emerging adult college students' descriptions of exposure to childhood emotional abuse and associated factors: A qualitative exploration. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 146:106516. [PMID: 37922619 PMCID: PMC10842179 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence on the long-term deleterious impacts of emotional abuse highlights the need to further understand childhood emotional abuse and its context to strengthen prevention efforts. OBJECTIVE To describe emerging adults' experiences of emotional abuse in their childhoods and the household context surrounding that abuse. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Fifty-eight interviews were conducted with emerging adults, ages 18-25, recruited from four 2- and 4-year institutions of higher education. METHODS Thematic analysis was conducted to identify and describe patterns in the data. A cyclical approach to codebook development and data analysis was followed by a team of four coders. RESULTS Themes related to participants' experiences of emotional abuse included: inability to meet parent expectations; parent attacks on the child's character; parent negative comparisons to siblings and others; parent invalidation of the child's emotions and mental health needs; and evolution over time in the parent-child relationship. Aspects of childhood family environments contemporaneous with the childhood emotional abuse included: financial stress; parent mental illness; parent divorce, separation, or volatile relationship; parent adversity or trauma; physical abuse; and young parent age. Many participants identified these aspects of their family environment, most of which could potentially be improved with sufficient support, as playing causal roles in the emotional abuse they experienced. CONCLUSION This descriptive qualitative study provides additional insight into child emotional abuse and its associated factors, providing invaluable insights that can enhance current measurement and intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunia Dadi
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Zobeida Bonilla
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael J Beckstrand
- Liberal Arts Technologies and Innovation Services, College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota, 101 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Patricia Frazier
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota, 75 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Anne Gerlach
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kayla A Huber
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota, 75 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - McKenzie Kaubrys
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota, 75 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Melissa N Laska
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Susan M Mason
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Zhao X, Wang S, Yu Y, Zhang A, Tao F, Liu D, Sun Y. Association of Early Parent-Child Separation With Multidomain Implications in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: A Prospective Cohort Study in China. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:53-60. [PMID: 37037691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to explore the long-term impacts of parent-child separation on a broad set of health and well-being indicators during adolescence and emerging adulthood. METHODS Participants were from the China Family Panel Studies, a national representative prospective cohort, and 2710 adolescents aged 7-15 years recruited from 25 provinces after an 8-year follow-up were eventually included in this study. We examined the association of prolonged parent-child separation with educational, social, emotional, and health-related outcomes by comparing participants with experience of prolonged parent-child separation and their counterparts staying with parents. RESULTS Participants who experienced prolonged parent-child separation in childhood were more likely to have lower educational attainment (odds ratio [OR]: 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 2.76; p = .04), depression (OR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.28, 5.41; p = .008), marriage or cohabitation (OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.40, 5.57; p = .004), and ever-smoke (OR: 3.39, 95% CI: 1.95, 5.91; p < .001). Prolonged parent-child separation was also associated with a 0.64-year loss in educational attainment, 2.99- and 2.39-unit decreases in math and word test score, as well as 2.08 kg/m2 decreases in body mass index. DISCUSSION This nationally representative study indicates that prevention efforts that reduce exposure to parent-child separation in childhood could substantially reduce the lifetime prevalence of educational, emotional, behavioral, and cognitive problems in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shihong Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Anhui Zhang
- Wuhu Maternity & Child Health Care Center, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Deyun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Friedman JK, Santaularia NJ, Dadi D, Erickson DJ, Lust K, Mason SM. The influence of childhood and early adult adversities on substance use behaviours in racial/ethnically diverse young adult women: a latent class analysis. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2022; 29:3-14. [PMID: 34581243 PMCID: PMC8958174 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2021.1982990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Childhood and adult adversities occur more frequently among women and persons of colour, possibly influencing racial/ethnic disparities in substance use behaviours. This study investigates how childhood and adult adversities cluster together by race/ethnicity and how these clusters predict binge drinking, tobacco, e-cigarette, and marijuana use. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used in a combined sample from the 2015 to 2018 Minnesota College Student Health Survey to identify clusters of childhood and adult adversities among Asian, Black, Latina, and White women aged 18-25. Each substance use outcome was regressed on each adversity cluster across each race/ethnicity group. Across all racial/ethnic groups and substance use outcomes, the high adversity cluster exhibited the greatest risk. Significant racial/ethnic disparities were observed across several substance use behaviours; these were attenuated among women with fewer adversities. The reduced substance use disparities found among those with lower adversities suggest that prevention of adversities may advance health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K. Friedman
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - N. Jeanie Santaularia
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dunia Dadi
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Darin J. Erickson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Katherine Lust
- Boynton Health Service, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Susan M. Mason
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Pando C, Santaularia NJ, Erickson D, Lust K, Mason SM. Classes of lifetime adversities among emerging adult women by race/ethnicity and their associations with weight status in the United States. Prev Med 2022; 154:106880. [PMID: 34780852 PMCID: PMC8724443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examines the association of childhood and adolescent/adult adversities with obesity across four racial/ethnic groups among emerging adult women aged 18 to 25 (n = 9310). Latent class analysis was used to identify racial/ethnicity-specific classes arising from childhood and adolescent/adult adversity indicators in the 2015 and 2018 College Student Health Surveys (sampled from Minnesota, U.S.) Distal outcome procedure and Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars methods were used to assess each class's association with body mass index (BMI) and obesity probability. Models were adjusted for post-secondary school type and parental education. We identified 7 classes for White women, 4 classes for Asian and Latina women, and 5 classes for Black women. Weight distributions of Black and Latina women leaned towards "overweight", whereas White and Asian women's BMI leaned towards "normal weight." Latina and Black women had a wider BMI range (~5 kg/m2) between classes with the highest versus lowest BMI than White and Asian women (~3 kg/m2), suggesting a stronger association between adversities and BMI. For Asian, Black, and White women, the "Low Adversities" class had the lowest obesity prevalence, while the "High Lifetime Adversities" class had the highest prevalence. In contrast, Latina women had the lowest obesity prevalence in the "High Adolescent/Adult Adversities & Low Childhood Adversities" class, and highest prevalence in the "Household Mental Illness" class. Results indicate that racial/ethnic disparities in obesity-related measures are reduced when racial/ethnic groups experience low adversity. Future research should explore tailored adversity interventions that consider adversity exposure differences across race/ethnicity as a strategy for reducing obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Pando
- Division of Health Policy & Management, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - N Jeanie Santaularia
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Darin Erickson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Katherine Lust
- Boynton Health Service, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Susan M Mason
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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