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Cockle Shell-Derived Calcium Carbonate (Aragonite) Nanoparticles: A Dynamite to Nanomedicine. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9142897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cockle shell is an external covering of small, salt water edible clams (Anadara granosa) that dwells in coastal area. This abundant biomaterial is hard, cheap and readily available with high content of calcium carbonate in aragonite polymorphic form. At present, cockle shell-derived calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CSCaCO3NPs) with dual applications has remarkably drawn significant attention of researchers in nanotechnology as a nanocarrier for delivery of different categories of drugs and as bone scaffold due to its beneficial potentials such as biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, pH sensitivity, slow biodegradation, hydrophilic nature and a wide safety margin. In addition, CSCaCO3NP possesses structural porosity, a large surface area and functional group endings for electrostatic ion bonds with high loading capacity. Thus, it maintains great potential in the drug delivery system and a large number of biomedical utilisations. The pioneering researchers adopted a non-hazardous top-down method for the synthesis of CSCaCO3NP with subsequent improvements that led to the better spherical diameter size obtained recently which is suitable for drug delivery. The method is therefore a simple, low cost and environmentally friendly, which involves little procedural steps without stringent temperature management and expensive hazardous chemicals or any carbonation methods. This paper presents a review on a few different types of nanoparticles with emphasis on the versatile most recent advancements and achievements on the synthesis and developments of CSCaCO3NP aragonite with its applications as a nanocarrier for drug delivery in nanomedicine.
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Choi HJ, Yun JW, Kim YH, Kwon E, Hyon MK, Kim JY, Che JH, Ho Kim W, Seong SY, Kang BC. Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of sodium taurodeoxycholate in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:268-276. [PMID: 31215257 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1609493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Taurodeoxycholate (TDCA) inhibits various inflammatory responses suggesting potential clinical application. However, the toxicity of TDCA has not been evaluated in detail in vivo. We investigated the acute toxicity and 4-week repeated-dose toxicity of TDCA following intravenous infusion under Good Laboratory Practice regulations. In the sighting study of acute toxicity, one of two rats (one male and one female) treated with 300 mg/kg TDCA died with hepatotoxicity, suggesting that the approximate 50% lethal dose of TDCA is 300 mg/kg. Edema and discoloration were observed at the injection sites of tails when rats were infused with 150 mg/kg or higher amount of TDCA once. In 4-week repeated-dose toxicity study, no treatment-related mortality or systemic changes in hematology and serum biochemistry, organ weights, gross pathology, or histopathology were observed. However, the tail injection site showed redness, discharge, hardening, and crust formation along with histopathological changes such as ulceration, edema, fibrosis, and thrombosis when rats were infused with 20 mg/kg TDCA. Taken together, TDCA induced no systemic toxicity or macroscopic lesions at the injection site at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, which is 33 times higher than the median effective dose observed in a mouse sepsis model. These findings suggest that TDCA might have a favorable therapeutic index in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Choi
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Kim
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euna Kwon
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyong Hyon
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Che
- Biomedical Center for Animal Resource and Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Seong
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Center for Animal Resource and Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Designed Animal and Transplantation Research Institute, Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Radiobiological Characterization of Canine Malignant Melanoma Cell Lines with Different Types of Ionizing Radiation and Efficacy Evaluation with Cytotoxic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040841. [PMID: 30781345 PMCID: PMC6413050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine malignant melanoma (CMM) is a locally and systemically aggressive cancer that shares many biological and clinical characteristics with human mucosal melanoma. Hypofractionated radiation protocols have been used to treat CMM but little is known about its radiation biology. This pilot study is designed to investigate response of CMM cell lines to various ionizing radiations and cytotoxic agents to better understand this canine cancer. Four CMM cell lines were evaluated by clonogenic survival assay under aerobic and hypoxic conditions and parameters such as alpha beta (α/β) ratio, oxygen enhancement ratio (OER), and relative biological effectiveness (RBE) were calculated after 137Cs, 6 megavoltage (MV) photon, or carbon ion irradiation. Six cytotoxic agents (cisplatin, camptothecin, mitomycin C, bleomycin, methtyl methanesulfonate and etoposide) were also assessed for their efficacy. Under aerobic condition with 6 MV photon, the α/β ratio of the four cell lines ranged from 0.3 to >100, indicating a wide variation of cellular sensitivity. The ratio increased under hypoxic condition compared to aerobic condition and this was more dramatic in 137Cs and 6 MV photon treatments. OER of carbon was lower than 137Cs at D10 in 3 of the 4 cell lines. The RBE values generally increased with the increase of LET. Different cell lines showed sensitivity/resistance to different cytotoxic agents. This study revealed that CMM has a wide range of radiosensitivity and that hypoxia can reduce it, indicating that widely used hypofractionated protocols may not be optimal for all CMM patients. Several cytotoxic agents that have never been clinically assessed can improve treatment outcome.
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Danmaigoro A, Selvarajah GT, Mohd Noor MH, Mahmud R, Abu Bakar MZ. Toxicity and Safety Evaluation of Doxorubicin-Loaded Cockleshell-Derived Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticle in Dogs. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2018; 2018:4848602. [PMID: 30079088 PMCID: PMC6035816 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4848602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anticancer agent with cytotoxic effects which limit its clinical usage. This effect is due to its nonselective nature causing injury to the cells as a result of reactive free oxygen radical's release. Cockleshell-derived calcium carbonate nanoparticle (CS-CaCO3NP) is a pH-responsive carrier with targeted delivery potentials. This study aimed at evaluating the toxicity effects of repeated dose administration of DOX-loaded CS-CaCO3NP in healthy dogs. Fifteen dogs with an average body weight of 15 kg were randomized equally into 5 groups. Dogs were subjected to 5 doses at every 3-week interval with (i) normal saline, (ii) DOX, 30 mg/m2, and the experimental groups: CS-CaCO3NP-DOX at (iii) high dose, 50 mg/m2, (iv) clinical dose, 30 mg/m2, and (v) low dose, 20 mg/m2. Radiographs, electrocardiography, and blood samples were collected before every treatment for haematology, serum biochemistry, and cardiac injury assessment. Heart and kidney tissues were harvested after euthanasia for histological and ultrastructural evaluation. The cumulative dose of DOX 150 mg/m2 over 15 weeks revealed significant effects on body weight, blood cells, functional enzymes, and cardiac injury biomarkers with alterations in electrocardiogram, myocardium, and renal tissue morphology. However, the dogs given CS-CaCO3NP-DOX 150 mg/m2 and below did not show any significant change in toxicity biomarker as compared to those given normal saline. The study confirmed the safety of repeated dose administration of CS-CaCO3NP-DOX (30 mg/m2) for 5 cycles in dogs. This finding offers opportunity to dogs with cancer that might require long-term administration of DOX without adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Danmaigoro
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B. 2346, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Gayathri Thevi Selvarajah
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Rozi Mahmud
- Department of Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Md Zuki Abu Bakar
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Kim CY, Lee SJ, Kim SK, Park CK, Wang KC, Cho BK. Antitumor activity of CKD-602, a camptothecin derivative, in a mouse glioma model. J Clin Neurosci 2012; 19:301-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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