Use of an aggregate exposure model to estimate consumer exposure to fragrance ingredients in personal care and cosmetic products

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 1-octanol, CAS Registry Number 111-87-5

1-Octanol was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, photoirritation/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data from 1-octanol and read-across analog heptyl alcohol (CAS # 111-70-6) show that 1-octanol is not expected to be genotoxic. Data on read-across analog heptyl alcohol (CAS # 111-70-6) provide a calculated Margin of Exposure (MOE) >100 for the repeated dose toxicity and fertility endpoints. Data on 1-octanol provide a calculated MOE >100 for the developmental toxicity endpoint. Data from read-across analog 1-decanol (CAS # 112-30-1) provided 1-octanol a No Expected Sensitization Induction Level (NESIL) of 10000 μg/cm2 for the skin sensitization endpoint. The photoirritation/photoallergenicity endpoints were evaluated based on ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectra; 1-octanol is not expected to be photoirritating/photoallergenic. The local respiratory toxicity endpoint was evaluated using the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) for a Cramer Class I material, and the exposure to 1-octanol is below the TTC (1.4 mg/day). The environmental endpoints were evaluated; 1-octanol was found not to be Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) as per the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Environmental Standards, and its risk quotients, based on its current volume of use (VoU) in Europe and North America (i.e., Predicted Environmental Concentration/Predicted No Effect Concentration [PEC/PNEC]), are <1.

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5(1H)-one, CAS Registry Number 51519-65-4

4,4a,6,7,8,8a-Hexahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5(1H)-one was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, photoirritation/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data show that 4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5(1H)-one is not genotoxic. The repeated dose, reproductive, and local respiratory toxicity endpoints were evaluated using the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) for a Cramer Class III material, and the exposure to 4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5(1H)-one is below the TTC (0.0015 mg/kg/day, 0.0015 mg/kg/day, and 0.47 mg/day, respectively). Data from read-across analog octahydro-7-methyl-1,4-methanonaphtalen-6(2H)-one (CAS # 41724-19-0) provide 4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5(1H)-one a No Expected Sensitization Induction Level (NESIL) of 5300 μg/cm2 for the skin sensitization endpoint. The photoirritation/photoallergenicity endpoints were evaluated based on data and ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectra; 4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5(1H)-one is not photoirritating/photoallergenic. The environmental endpoints were evaluated; 4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5(1H)-one was found not to be Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) as per the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Environmental Standards, and its risk quotients, based on its current volume of use (VoU) in Europe and North America (i.e., Predicted Environmental Concentration/Predicted No Effect Concentration [PEC/PNEC]), are <1.

RIFM Natural Complex Substance (NCS) fragrance ingredient safety assessment, clove bud absolute, CAS Registry Number 8000-34-8, RIFM ID 583-F2.1

Clove bud absolute was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, photoirritation/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data for components of the NCS do not show a concern for genotoxicity. Clove bud absolute was evaluated for the repeated dose and reproductive toxicity endpoints on the basis of component analysis using a combination of target data, read-across data, and Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC); clove bud absolute is safe for use under the conditions described in this safety assessment for the repeated dose and reproductive toxicity endpoints. Data for components of the NCS do not show a concern for skin sensitization under the current declared levels of use. The photoirritation endpoint was evaluated based on ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) absorption spectra for the components of the NCS; clove bud absolute is not expected to be photoirritating. The photoallergenicity endpoint was evaluated based on UV/Vis absorption spectra for the components of the NCS; clove bud absolute is not expected to be photoallergenic. The local respiratory toxicity endpoint for this NCS was evaluated using the inhalation TTC for a Cramer Class III material, and the inhalation exposure to clove bud absolute is below the TTC (0.47 mg/day). Based on the component assessment, clove bud absolute does not contain Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) or (very) Persistent, (very) Bioaccumulative (vPvB) components as per the IFRA Environmental Standards and does not present a risk to the aquatic environment at the current reported VoU.

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, nonyl alcohol, CAS Registry Number 143-08-8

Nonyl alcohol was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, photoirritation/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data from read-across analog heptyl alcohol (CAS # 111-70-6) show that nonyl alcohol is not expected to be genotoxic and provide a calculated Margin of Exposure (MOE) > 100 for the repeated dose toxicity and reproductive toxicity endpoints. Data from read-across analog 1-decanol (CAS # 112-30-1) provided nonyl alcohol a No Expected Sensitization Induction Level (NESIL) of 10000 μg/cm2 for the skin sensitization endpoint. The photoirritation/photoallergenicity endpoints were evaluated based on ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectra; nonyl alcohol is not expected to be photoirritating/photoallergenic. The local respiratory toxicity endpoint was evaluated using the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) for a Cramer Class I material, and the exposure to nonyl alcohol is below the TTC (1.4 mg/day). The environmental endpoints were evaluated; nonyl alcohol was found not to be Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) as per the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Environmental Standards, and its risk quotients, based on its current volume of use (VoU) in Europe and North America (i.e., Predicted Environmental Concentration/Predicted No Effect Concentration [PEC/PNEC]), are <1.