1
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Singh S, Kachhawaha K, Singh SK. Comprehensive approaches to preclinical evaluation of monoclonal antibodies and their next-generation derivatives. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116303. [PMID: 38797272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Biotherapeutics hold great promise for the treatment of several diseases and offer innovative possibilities for new treatments that target previously unaddressed medical needs. Despite successful transitions from preclinical to clinical stages and regulatory approval, there are instances where adverse reactions arise, resulting in product withdrawals. As a result, it is essential to conduct thorough evaluations of safety and effectiveness on an individual basis. This article explores current practices, challenges, and future approaches in conducting comprehensive preclinical assessments to ensure the safety and efficacy of biotherapeutics including monoclonal antibodies, toxin-conjugates, bispecific antibodies, single-chain antibodies, Fc-engineered antibodies, antibody mimetics, and siRNA-antibody/peptide conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Singh
- Laboratory of Engineered Therapeutics, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Kajal Kachhawaha
- Laboratory of Engineered Therapeutics, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Sumit K Singh
- Laboratory of Engineered Therapeutics, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India.
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2
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Prior H, Baldrick P, Clarke DO, Passini E, Sewell F, van Meer P. Exploring Greater Flexibility for Chronic Toxicity Study Designs to Support Human Safety Assessment While Balancing 3Rs Considerations. Int J Toxicol 2024:10915818241255885. [PMID: 38822557 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241255885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Chronic repeated-dose toxicity studies are required to support long-term dosing in late-stage clinical trials, providing data to adequately characterize adverse effects of potential concern for human safety. Different regulatory guidances for the design and duration of chronic toxicity studies are available, with flexibility in approaches often adopted for specific drug modalities. These guidances may provide opportunities to reduce time, cost, compound requirement and animal use within drug development programs if applied more broadly and considered outside their current scopes of use. This article summarizes presentations from a workshop at the 43rd Annual Meeting of the American College of Toxicology (ACT) in November 2022, discussing different approaches for chronic toxicity studies. A recent industry collaboration between the Netherlands Medicines Evaluation Board (MEB) and UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs) illustrated current practices and the value of chronic toxicity studies for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and evaluated a weight of evidence (WOE) model where a 3-month study rather than a 6-month study might be adequate. Other topics included potential opportunities for single-species chronic toxicity studies for small molecules, peptides and oligonucleotides and whether a 6-month duration non-rodent study can be used more routinely than a 9-month study (similar to ICH S6(R1) for biological products). Also addressed were opportunities to optimize recovery animal use if warranted and whether restriction to one study only (if at all) can be applied more widely within and outside ICH S6(R1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Prior
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), London, UK
| | | | | | - Elisa Passini
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), London, UK
| | - Fiona Sewell
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), London, UK
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3
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Bisbal Lopez L, Ravazza D, Bocci M, Zana A, Principi L, Dakhel Plaza S, Galbiati A, Gilardoni E, Scheuermann J, Neri D, Pignataro L, Gennari C, Cazzamalli S, Dal Corso A. Ex vivo mass spectrometry-based biodistribution analysis of an antibody-Resiquimod conjugate bearing a protease-cleavable and acid-labile linker. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1320524. [PMID: 38125888 PMCID: PMC10731371 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1320524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-stimulating antibody conjugates (ISACs) equipped with imidazoquinoline (IMD) payloads can stimulate endogenous immune cells to kill cancer cells, ultimately inducing long-lasting anticancer effects. A novel ISAC was designed, featuring the IMD Resiquimod (R848), a tumor-targeting antibody specific for Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CAIX) and the protease-cleavable Val-Cit-PABC linker. In vitro stability analysis showed not only R848 release in the presence of the protease Cathepsin B but also under acidic conditions. The ex vivo mass spectrometry-based biodistribution data confirmed the low stability of the linker-drug connection while highlighting the selective accumulation of the IgG in tumors and its long circulatory half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matilde Bocci
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jörg Scheuermann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Neri
- R&D Department, Philochem AG, Otelfingen, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zürich, Switzerland
- Philogen S.p.A, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Pignataro
- Chemistry Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Cesare Gennari
- Chemistry Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Dal Corso
- Chemistry Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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4
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Ren L, Yan L, Shi W, Zhang T, Geng B, Mao J, Zhang J, Tian Y, Wang H, Gao F, Dai X, Li J, Gu J, Chen Y, Zhang X, Chen J, Zhu J. Evaluation of subchronic toxicity of the compound of diphenhydramine hydrochloride and caffeine after 28 days of repeated oral administration in Sprague-Dawley rats and beagle dogs. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:1083-1099. [PMID: 36384384 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2129674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of the compound of diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DH) and caffeine in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and beagle dogs. A total of 180 SD rats (15/sex/group) were randomly divided into the compound low-, medium- and high-dose groups (51, 102, 204 mg/kg), DH group (60 mg/kg), caffeine group (144 mg/kg) and the vehicle control group. Sixty beagle dogs (5/sex/group) were randomly divided into the compound low-, medium- and high-dose groups (male: 14.20, 28.30, 56.60 mg/kg, female: 5.66, 14.20, 28.30 mg/kg), DH group (male: 16.60 mg/kg, female: 8.30 mg/kg), caffeine group (male: 40.00 mg/kg, female: 20.00 mg/kg) and the vehicle control group. Rats and dogs were given continuous oral administration for 28 days following a 28-day recovery period. The adverse effects of the compound on rats and beagle dogs mainly included anorexia and liver function impairment. Most adverse effects induced by administration were reversible. Under the experimental conditions, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the compound of DH and caffeine was 51 mg/kg/day for SD rats and 28.30 mg/kg/day (male) and 5.66 mg/kg/day (female) for beagle dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ren
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lang Yan
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Shi
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bijiang Geng
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Mao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqianzhu Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Tian
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoneng Wang
- Department of Marine Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyuan Gao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dai
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Gu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jikuai Chen
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangbo Zhu
- Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Safety evaluations of a synthetic antimicrobial peptide administered intravenously in rats and dogs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19294. [PMID: 36369523 PMCID: PMC9652379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptide SET-M33 is under study for the development of a new antibiotic against major Gram-negative pathogens. Here we report the toxicological evaluation of SET-M33 administered intravenously to rats and dogs. Dose range finding experiments determined the doses to use in toxicokinetic evaluation, clinical biochemistry analysis, necroscopy and in neurological and respiratory measurements. Clinical laboratory investigations in dogs and rats showed a dose-related increase in creatinine and urea levels, indicating that the kidneys are the target organ. This was also confirmed by necroscopy studies of animal tissues, where signs of degeneration and regeneration were found in kidney when SET-M33 was administered at the highest doses in the two animal species. Neurological toxicity measurements by the Irwin method and respiratory function evaluation in rats did not reveal any toxic effect even at the highest dose. Finally, repeated administration of SET-M33 by short infusion in dogs revealed a no-observed-adverse-effect-level of 0.5 mg/kg/day.
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6
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Hey A, Baumann A, Kronenberg S, Blaich G, Mohl S, Fagg R, Ulrich P, Rattel B, Richter WF, Kiessling A, Weir L. Nonclinical Development of Biologics: Integrating Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics to Create Smarter and More Flexible Nonclinical Safety Programs Optimizing Animal Use. Int J Toxicol 2021; 40:270-284. [PMID: 33631988 DOI: 10.1177/1091581821994288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Safety assessment of biological drugs has its challenges due to the multiple new different modalities, for example, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecifics, nanobodies, fusion proteins and advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs), their different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, and their ability to trigger immunogenicity and toxicity. In the public and in the pharmaceutical industry, there is a strong and general desire to reduce the number of animals used in research and development of drugs and in particular reducing the use of nonhuman primates. Important discussions and activities are ongoing investigating the smarter designs of early research and dose range finding studies, reuse of animals, and replacing animal experiments with in vitro studies. Other important challenges include absence of a relevant species and design of studies and developing genetically modified animals for special investigative toxicology studies. Then, the learnings and challenges from the development of the first ATMPs are available providing valuable insights in the development path for these new potentially transformative treatments. Finally, development of strategies for assessment of immunogenicity and prediction of translation of immunogenicity and associated findings to the clinic. On this, the eighth meeting for the European BioSafe members, these challenges served as the basis for the presentations and discussions during the meeting. This article serves as the workshop report reviewing the presentations and discussions at the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hey
- Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Sven Kronenberg
- 30259Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Silke Mohl
- 30259Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Wolfgang F Richter
- 30259Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Kissner T, Blaich G, Baumann A, Kronenberg S, Hey A, Kiessling A, Schmitt PM, Driessen W, Carrez C, Kramer D, Fretland J, Richter WF, Paehler T, Hopfer U, Rattel B. Challenges of non-clinical safety testing for biologics: A Report of the 9th BioSafe European Annual General Membership Meeting. MAbs 2021; 13:1938796. [PMID: 34241561 PMCID: PMC8274438 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1938796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
New challenges and other topics in non-clinical safety testing of biotherapeutics were presented and discussed at the nineth European BioSafe Annual General Membership meeting in November 2019. The session topics were selected by European BioSafe organization committee members based on recent company achievements, agency interactions and new data obtained in the non-clinical safety testing of biotherapeutics, for which data sharing would be of interest and considered as valuable information. The presented session topics ranged from strategies of in vitro testing, immunogenicity prediction, bioimaging, and developmental and reproductive toxicology (DART) assessments to first-in-human (FIH) dose prediction and bioanalytical challenges, reflecting the entire space of different areas of expertise and different molecular modalities. During the 9th meeting of the European BioSafe members, the following topics were presented and discussed in 6 main sessions (with 3 or 4 presentations per session) and in three small group breakout sessions: 1) DART assessment with biotherapeutics: what did we learn and where to go?; 2) Non-animal testing strategies; 3) Seeing is believing: new frontiers in imaging; 4) Predicting immunogenicity during early drug development: hope or despair?; 5) Challenges in FIH dose projections; and 6) Non-canonical biologics formats: challenges in bioanalytics, PKPD and biotransformation for complex biologics formats. Small group breakout sessions were organized for team discussion about 3 specific topics: 1) Testing of cellular immune function in vitro and in vivo; 2) MABEL approach (toxicology and pharmacokinetic perspective); and 3) mRNA treatments. This workshop report presents the sessions and discussions at the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kissner
- Preclinical Safety, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Guenter Blaich
- Preclinical Safety, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Andreas Baumann
- R&D Pharmaceuticals, Translational Sciences, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Kronenberg
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adam Hey
- Oncology Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Petra M. Schmitt
- Preclinical Safety, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Wouter Driessen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Carrez
- Sanofi R&D, Translational In Vivo Models, Sanofi S.A, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Daniel Kramer
- Sanofi R&D, Translational Medicine & Early Development, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang F. Richter
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Paehler
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrike Hopfer
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benno Rattel
- Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Research (Munich) GmbH, Munich, Germany
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8
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Adverse vacuolation in multiple tissues in cynomolgus monkeys following repeat-dose administration of a PEGylated protein. Toxicol Lett 2019; 317:120-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Johnson DE. Biotherapeutics: Challenges and Opportunities for Predictive Toxicology of Monoclonal Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3685. [PMID: 30469350 PMCID: PMC6274697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotherapeutics are a rapidly growing portion of the total pharmaceutical market accounting for almost one-half of recent new drug approvals. A major portion of these approvals each year are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). During development, non-clinical pharmacology and toxicology testing of mAbs differs from that done with chemical entities since these biotherapeutics are derived from a biological source and therefore the animal models must share the same epitopes (targets) as humans to elicit a pharmacological response. Mechanisms of toxicity of mAbs are both pharmacological and non-pharmacological in nature; however, standard in silico predictive toxicological methods used in research and development of chemical entities currently do not apply to these biotherapeutics. Challenges and potential opportunities exist for new methodologies to provide a more predictive program to assess and monitor potential adverse drug reactions of mAbs for specific patients before and during clinical trials and after market approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale E Johnson
- Morgan Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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10
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McBlane JW, Phul P, Sharpe M. Preclinical Development of Cell-Based Products: a European Regulatory Science Perspective. Pharm Res 2018; 35:165. [PMID: 29943208 PMCID: PMC6156759 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This article describes preclinical development of cell-based medicinal products for European markets and discusses European regulatory mechanisms open to developers to aid successful product development. Cell-based medicinal products are diverse, including cells that are autologous or allogeneic, have been genetically modified, or not, or expanded ex vivo, and applied systemically or to an anatomical site different to that of their origin; comments applicable to one product may not be applicable to others, so bespoke development is needed, for all elements - quality, preclinical and clinical. METHODS After establishing how the product is produced, proof of potential for therapeutic efficacy, and then safety, of the product need to be determined. This includes understanding biodistribution, persistence and toxicity, including potential for malignant transformation. These elements need to be considered in the context of the intended clinical development. RESULTS This article describes regulatory mechanisms available to developers to support product development that aim to resolve scientific issues prior to marketing authorization application, to enable patients to have faster access to the product than would otherwise be the case. CONCLUSIONS Developers are encouraged to be aware of both the scientific issues and regulatory mechanisms to ensure patients can be supplied with these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W McBlane
- Licensing Division, Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, 10 South Colonnade, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4PU, UK.
| | - Parvinder Phul
- Licensing Division, Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, 10 South Colonnade, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4PU, UK
| | - Michaela Sharpe
- Nonclinical Safety, Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult, Guy's Hospital, 12th Floor, Tower Wing B, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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11
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Prior H, Baldrick P, de Haan L, Downes N, Jones K, Mortimer-Cassen E, Kimber I. Reviewing the Utility of Two Species in General Toxicology Related to Drug Development. Int J Toxicol 2018. [PMCID: PMC5881785 DOI: 10.1177/1091581818760564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As part of the safety assessment of new drugs, the use of two species (a rodent and a nonrodent) for regulatory toxicology studies is the typical approach taken for small molecules. For biologics, species selection is dictated by pharmacological relevance, and single species toxicology packages (typically using the nonhuman primate) are common. The UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction of Animals in Research and the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry are collaborating on a project to review the utility of two species in regulatory toxicology studies, with the aim to explore whether there are wider circumstances when data from a single species could be sufficient to enable safe progression in humans. An international working group consisting of 37 representatives from pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, contract research organizations, academia, and regulatory bodies is coordinating a large-scale data sharing exercise to examine the potential for changes in current practice to reduce the number of species used for nonclinical safety testing at different stages of development. The challenge will be to determine whether two species toxicology adds significant value or whether in some instances data from a single species are sufficient (across a broader range of molecules than is currently the case) without compromising human safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Prior
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Baldrick
- Nonclinical and Biological Discovery Expert Network (NaBDEN), The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI), London, United Kingdom
| | - Lolke de Haan
- Nonclinical and Biological Discovery Expert Network (NaBDEN), The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI), London, United Kingdom
| | - Noel Downes
- Nonclinical and Biological Discovery Expert Network (NaBDEN), The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI), London, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Jones
- Nonclinical and Biological Discovery Expert Network (NaBDEN), The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI), London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Mortimer-Cassen
- Nonclinical and Biological Discovery Expert Network (NaBDEN), The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI), London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Kimber
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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12
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Ulrich P, Blaich G, Baumann A, Fagg R, Hey A, Kiessling A, Kronenberg S, Lindecrona RH, Mohl S, Richter WF, Tibbitts J, Crameri F, Weir L. Biotherapeutics in non-clinical development: Strengthening the interface between safety, pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics and manufacturing. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 94:91-100. [PMID: 29355662 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biological drugs comprise a wide field of different modalities with respect to structure, pharmacokinetics and pharmacological function. Considerable non-clinical experience in the development of proteins (e.g. insulin) and antibodies has been accumulated over the past thirty years. In order to improve the efficacy and the safety of these biotherapeutics, Fc modifications (e.g. Fc silent antibody versions), combinations (antibody-drug conjugates, protein-nanoparticle combinations), and new constructs (darpins, fynomers) have been introduced. In the last decade, advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) in research and development have become a considerable and strongly growing part of the biotherapeutic portfolio. ATMPs consisting of gene and cell therapy modalities or even combinations of them, further expand the level of complexity, which already exists in non-clinical development strategies for biological drugs and has thereby led to a further diversification of expertise in safety and PKPD assessment of biological drugs. It is the fundamental rationale of the BioSafe meetings, held yearly in the EU and in the US, to convene experts on a regular basis and foster knowledge exchange and mutual understanding in this fast growing area. In order to reflect at least partially the variety of the biotherapeutics field, the 2016 EU BioSafe meeting addressed the following topics in six sessions: (i) In vitro Meets in vivo to Leverage Biologics Development (ii) New developments and regulatory considerations in the cell and gene therapy field (iii) CMC Challenges with Biologics development (iv) Minipigs in non-clinical safety assessment (v) Opportunities of PKPD Assessment in Less Common Administration Routes In the breakout sessions the following questions were discussed: (i) Cynomolgus monkey as a reprotoxicology Species: Impact of Immunomodulators on Early Pregnancy Maintenance (ii) Safety Risk of Inflammation and Autoimmunity Induced by Immunomodulators (iii) Experience with non-GMP Material in Pivotal Non-clinical Safety Studies to Support First in Man (FiM) Trials (iv) Safety Assessment of Combination Products for Non-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Adam Hey
- Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Sven Kronenberg
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Silke Mohl
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang F Richter
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Flavio Crameri
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Challenges and opportunities in bioanalytical support for gene therapy medicinal product development. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1423-1430. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene and nucleic acid therapies have demonstrated patient benefits to address unmet medical needs. Beside considerations regarding the biological nature of the gene therapy, the quality of bioanalytical methods plays an important role in ensuring the success of these novel therapies. Inconsistent approaches among bioanalytical labs during preclinical and clinical phases have been observed. There are many underlying reasons for this inconsistency. Various platforms and reagents used in quantitative methods, lacking of detailed regulatory guidance on method validation and uncertainty of immunogenicity strategy in supporting gene therapy may all be influential. This review summarizes recent practices and considerations in bioanalytical support of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and immunogenicity evaluations in gene therapy development with insight into method design, development and validations.
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14
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Prior H, Sewell F, Stewart J. Overview of 3Rs opportunities in drug discovery and development using non-human primates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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