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Zeng S, Yu L, He P, Feng H, Wang J, Zhang H, Song Y, Liu R, Li Y. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals the regulation of phlorizin synthesis in Lithocarpus polystachyus under nitrogen fertilization. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:366. [PMID: 38711037 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) is essential for plant growth and development. In Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd., a species known for its medicinal and food value, phlorizin is the major bioactive compound with pharmacological activity. Research has revealed a positive correlation between plant nitrogen (N) content and phlorizin synthesis in this species. However, no study has analyzed the effect of N fertilization on phlorizin content and elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying phlorizin synthesis in L. polystachyus. RESULTS A comparison of the L. polystachyus plants grown without (0 mg/plant) and with N fertilization (25, 75, 125, 175, 225, and 275 mg/plant) revealed that 75 mg N/plant fertilization resulted in the greatest seedling height, ground diameter, crown width, and total phlorizin content. Subsequent analysis of the leaves using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) detected 150 metabolites, including 42 flavonoids, that were differentially accumulated between the plants grown without and with 75 mg/plant N fertilization. Transcriptomic analysis of the L. polystachyus plants via RNA sequencing revealed 162 genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, among which 53 significantly differed between the N-treated and untreated plants. Fertilization (75 mg N/plant) specifically upregulated the expression of the genes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), and phlorizin synthase (PGT1) but downregulated the expression of trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase (C4H), shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT), and chalcone isomerase (CHI), which are related to phlorizin synthesis. Finally, an integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome revealed that the increase in phlorizin after N fertilization was consistent with the upregulation of phlorizin biosynthetic genes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR) was used to validate the RNA sequencing data. Thus, our results indicated that N fertilization increased phlorizin metabolism in L. polystachyus by regulating the expression levels of the PAL, PGT1, 5-O-(4-coumaroyl)-D-quinate 3'-monooxygenase (C3'H), C4H, and HCT genes. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that the addition of 75 mg/plant N to L. polystachyus significantly promoted the accumulation of flavonoids, including phlorizin, and the expression of flavonoid synthesis-related genes. Under these conditions, the genes PAL, 4CL, and PGT1 were positively correlated with phlorizin accumulation, while C4H, CHI, and HCT were negatively correlated with phlorizin accumulation. Therefore, we speculate that PAL, 4CL, and PGT1 participate in the phlorizin pathway under an optimal N environment, regulating phlorizin biosynthesis. These findings provide a basis for improving plant bioactive constituents and serve as a reference for further pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Zeng
- Experimental Center of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xinyu, 336600, China
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Longhua Yu
- Experimental Center of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xinyu, 336600, China
| | - Ping He
- Experimental Center of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xinyu, 336600, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Xinyu University, School of Public Health and Health, Xinyu, 338004, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Experimental Center of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xinyu, 336600, China
| | - Huacong Zhang
- Experimental Center of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xinyu, 336600, China
| | - Yunxia Song
- Experimental Center of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xinyu, 336600, China
| | - Ren Liu
- Experimental Center of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xinyu, 336600, China
| | - Yueqiao Li
- Experimental Center of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xinyu, 336600, China.
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Wang C, Zhao R, He K, Zhang S, H. Kemp A, Guo M. Pharmacokinetic profile and sub-chronic toxicity of coenzyme Q10 loaded whey protein nanoparticles. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Zhang Q, Wang L, Zhao Y. An Overview of Lithocarpus polystachyus, with Dihydrochalcones as Natural-Derived Bioactive Compounds. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qili Zhang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zi bo, China
| | - Li Wang
- Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Deparment, Jinan Center for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zi bo, China
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Szala-Rycaj J, Zagaja M, Szewczyk A, Andres-Mach M. Selected flavonoids and their role in the treatment of epilepsy – a review of the latest reports from experimental studies. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2021. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2021-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Shang A, Liu HY, Luo M, Xia Y, Yang X, Li HY, Wu DT, Sun Q, Geng F, Li HB, Gan RY. Sweet tea (Lithocarpus polystachyus rehd.) as a new natural source of bioactive dihydrochalcones with multiple health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:917-934. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1830363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ao Shang
- National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yan Liu
- National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xia
- National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang-Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Institute of Food Processing and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Quancai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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Zaccarelli-Magalhães J, Fukushima AR, Moreira N, Manes M, de Abreu GR, Ricci EL, Waziry PAF, Spinosa HDS. Preclinical toxicological study of prolonged exposure to ketamine as an antidepressant. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 72:24-35. [PMID: 32016837 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-019-00014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the most common mentally debilitating diseases in the world. Ketamine has been recently identified as a potential novel antidepressant. Further animal model evaluations of the use of ketamine as an antidepressant are necessary to determine safety parameters for clinical use. Therefore, the objective of this study was to perform toxicological tests of prolonged treatment using three different doses of ketamine in adult male rats. METHODS The animals were divided into four groups: three treated with 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg of ketamine and a control group treated with saline solution. Intraperitoneal route of treatment was administered daily for 3 weeks. Body weight, water and food intake were measured once a week, as well as evaluation of the functional observational battery, which includes methodic monitoring of motor activity, motor coordination, behavioral changes, and sensory/motor reflex responses. Upon completion of treatment period, all animals were euthanized by decapitation followed by immediate collection of samples, which included brain structures and blood for neurochemical, hematological and biochemical analyses. RESULTS Rats treated with the highest tested dosage (20 mg/kg) of ketamine had lower weight gain in the 1st and 2nd weeks of treatment and all experimental groups had measurable alterations in the serotoninergic system. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the alterations observed are minor and due to a predicted mechanism of action, which implies that ketamine is a promising drug for repurposing as an antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zaccarelli-Magalhães
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil.
| | - André Rinaldi Fukushima
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Natalia Moreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Marianna Manes
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ramos de Abreu
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Esther Lopes Ricci
- Health Science Institute, Presbiterian Mackenzie University, Rua Da Consolação, 930, São Paulo, 01302-907, Brazil
- School of Health Science IGESP, Rua da Consolação, 1025, São Paulo, 01301-000, Brazil
| | - Paula A Faria Waziry
- Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Helenice de Souza Spinosa
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
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Hassanzadeh-Taheri M, Hosseini M, Salimi M, Moodi H, Dorranpour D. Acute and Sub-Acute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Astragalus hamosus Seedpod Ethanolic Extract in Wistar Rats. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2018.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Zaccarelli-Magalhães J, Moreira N, Sandini TM, de Abreu GR, Sánchez-Sarmiento AM, Ricci EL, Fukushima AR, de Souza Spinosa H. Evaluation of Prolonged Exposure to Varenicline in Adult Rats: Haematological, Biochemical and Anatomopathological Studies. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 122:305-309. [PMID: 28944993 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Varenicline is a synthetic chemical substance produced from the alkaloid cytisine, used for smoking treatment, which acts as a partial agonist for α4β2 and α3β4 nicotinic cholinergic receptors and as a total agonist for α7 receptor. While there are studies regarding varenicline's non-smoking-related effects, as in treatment for drug dependence, there are no studies in the literature evaluating the long-term toxicity of varenicline through a physiological approach. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate possible toxicity through haematological, biochemical and anatomopathological parameters of prolonged exposure (30 days) to varenicline in rats. Three doses of varenicline were used: 0.03 (therapeutic dose for human beings), 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg orally (gavage). Body-weight, water and food intake were measured weekly during treatment. On the 30th treatment day, blood and various organs were collected for haematological, biochemical and anatomopathological evaluations. The results show a decrease in some biochemical parameters in animals from the 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg group, although the values are within the normal range of the species. There were no changes in the other evaluations performed. Together, these data indicate that prolonged exposure of rats to different doses of varenicline was not able to alter haematological, biochemical and anatomopathological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zaccarelli-Magalhães
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Moreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Esther Lopes Ricci
- Health Science Institute, Presbiterian Mackenzie University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Helenice de Souza Spinosa
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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